"rufus" meaning in Latin

See rufus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈruː.fus/ [Classical-Latin], [ˈruːfʊs̠] [Classical-Latin], /ˈru.fus/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈruːfus] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Proto-Italic *rouðos. The medial -f- indicates a borrowing from a Sabellic language such as Oscan 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (rufriis), Umbrian 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌖 (rufru), or from a sister variety such as Faliscan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). It might have penetrated urban Latin by virtue of the fact that it was used as an attribute for oxen sold in the markets in Rome. The word rōbus, which ended up being limited to oxen instead, represents the regular outcome of the same etymon. Etymology templates: {{root|la|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}}, {{der|la|itc-pro|*rouðos}} Proto-Italic *rouðos, {{bor|la|osc|𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔}} Oscan 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (rufriis), {{bor|la|xum|𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌖}} Umbrian 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌖 (rufru), {{bor|la|xfa|-}} Faliscan, {{der|la|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-||red}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) Head templates: {{la-adj|rūfus}} rūfus (feminine rūfa, neuter rūfum); first/second-declension adjective Inflection templates: {{la-adecl|rūfus}} Forms: rūfus [canonical], rūfa [feminine], rūfum [neuter], no-table-tags [table-tags], rūfus [masculine, nominative, singular], rūfa [feminine, nominative, singular], rūfum [neuter, nominative, singular], rūfī [masculine, nominative, plural], rūfae [feminine, nominative, plural], rūfa [neuter, nominative, plural], rūfī [genitive, masculine, singular], rūfae [feminine, genitive, singular], rūfī [genitive, neuter, singular], rūfōrum [genitive, masculine, plural], rūfārum [feminine, genitive, plural], rūfōrum [genitive, neuter, plural], rūfō [dative, masculine, singular], rūfae [dative, feminine, singular], rūfō [dative, neuter, singular], rūfīs [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], rūfum [accusative, masculine, singular], rūfam [accusative, feminine, singular], rūfum [accusative, neuter, singular], rūfōs [accusative, masculine, plural], rūfās [accusative, feminine, plural], rūfa [accusative, neuter, plural], rūfō [ablative, masculine, singular], rūfā [ablative, feminine, singular], rūfō [ablative, neuter, singular], rūfīs [ablative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], rūfe [masculine, singular, vocative], rūfa [feminine, singular, vocative], rūfum [neuter, singular, vocative], rūfī [masculine, plural, vocative], rūfae [feminine, plural, vocative], rūfa [neuter, plural, vocative]
  1. red, reddish, ruddy Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2
    Sense id: en-rufus-la-adj-XsquTPgR
  2. redheaded, red-haired Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2 Categories (topical): Colors, Hair
    Sense id: en-rufus-la-adj-yQhyv1tI Disambiguation of Colors: 21 79 Disambiguation of Hair: 7 93 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 23 77 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 12 88 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 10 90
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: rūfēscō, Rūfius, rūfulus, Rūfus
Related terms: rōbus, ruber, albus, candidus, subalbus, niveus, cēreus, marmoreus, eburneus, cānus, blancus (english: ML.), glaucus, rāvus, pullus, cinereus, cinerāceus, plumbeus, grīseus (english: ML. or NL.), niger, āter, piceus, furvus, rūbidus, rūfus, rubicundus, russus, rubrīcus, pūniceus, murrinus, mulleus, cocceus, coccīnus, badius, rutilus, armeniacus, aurantius, aurantiacus, fuscus, suffuscus, colōrius, cervīnus, spādīx, castaneus, aquilus, fulvus, brunneus (english: ML.), flāvus, sufflāvus, flāvidus, lūteus, gilvus, helvus, croceus, pallidus, blondinus (english: ML.), galbus, galbinus, lūridus, viridis, prasinus, cȳaneus, caeruleus, azurīnus (english: ML.), caesius, blāvus (LL.), līvidus, venetus, violāceus, ianthinus, balaustīnus (NL.), ostrīnus, amethystīnus, purpureus, ātropurpureus, roseus, rosāceus
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rūfēscō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Rūfius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rūfulus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Rūfus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "rúfol",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Catalan: rúfol",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Catalan: rúfol"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "rufous",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: rufous",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: rufous"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "rufo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: rufo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: rufo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "rufo"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: rufo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: rufo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*rouðos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *rouðos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "osc",
        "3": "𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔"
      },
      "expansion": "Oscan 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (rufriis)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "xum",
        "3": "𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌖"
      },
      "expansion": "Umbrian 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌖 (rufru)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "xfa",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Faliscan",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "red"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *rouðos. The medial -f- indicates a borrowing from a Sabellic language such as Oscan 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (rufriis), Umbrian 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌖 (rufru), or from a sister variety such as Faliscan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). It might have penetrated urban Latin by virtue of the fact that it was used as an attribute for oxen sold in the markets in Rome. The word rōbus, which ended up being limited to oxen instead, represents the regular outcome of the same etymon.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rūfus",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfa",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūfus"
      },
      "expansion": "rūfus (feminine rūfa, neuter rūfum); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūfus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rōbus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ruber"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "albus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "candidus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "subalbus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "niveus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cēreus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "marmoreus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "eburneus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cānus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "ML.",
      "word": "blancus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "glaucus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rāvus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pullus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cinereus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cinerāceus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plumbeus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "ML. or NL.",
      "word": "grīseus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "niger"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "āter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "piceus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "furvus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rūbidus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rūfus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rubicundus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "russus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rubrīcus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pūniceus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "murrinus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "mulleus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cocceus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "coccīnus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "badius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rutilus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "armeniacus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "aurantius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "aurantiacus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fuscus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "suffuscus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "colōrius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cervīnus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "spādīx"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "castaneus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "aquilus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fulvus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "ML.",
      "word": "brunneus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "flāvus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sufflāvus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "flāvidus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lūteus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gilvus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "helvus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "croceus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pallidus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "ML.",
      "word": "blondinus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "galbus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "galbinus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lūridus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "viridis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "prasinus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cȳaneus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "caeruleus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "ML.",
      "word": "azurīnus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "caesius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "LL.",
      "word": "blāvus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "līvidus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "venetus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "violāceus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ianthinus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "NL.",
      "word": "balaustīnus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ostrīnus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "amethystīnus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "purpureus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ātropurpureus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "roseus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rosāceus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "red, reddish, ruddy"
      ],
      "id": "en-rufus-la-adj-XsquTPgR",
      "links": [
        [
          "red",
          "red"
        ],
        [
          "reddish",
          "reddish"
        ],
        [
          "ruddy",
          "ruddy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Colors",
          "orig": "la:Colors",
          "parents": [
            "Light",
            "Vision",
            "Energy",
            "Senses",
            "Nature",
            "Perception",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 93",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Hair",
          "orig": "la:Hair",
          "parents": [
            "Body parts",
            "Body",
            "Anatomy",
            "All topics",
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences",
            "Healthcare",
            "Health"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "redheaded, red-haired"
      ],
      "id": "en-rufus-la-adj-yQhyv1tI",
      "links": [
        [
          "redheaded",
          "redheaded"
        ],
        [
          "red-haired",
          "red-haired"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruː.fus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈruːfʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈru.fus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈruːfus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rufus"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin adjectives",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin first and second declension adjectives",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin terms borrowed from Faliscan",
    "Latin terms borrowed from Oscan",
    "Latin terms borrowed from Umbrian",
    "Latin terms derived from Faliscan",
    "Latin terms derived from Oscan",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms derived from Umbrian",
    "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "la:Colors",
    "la:Hair"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "rūfēscō"
    },
    {
      "word": "Rūfius"
    },
    {
      "word": "rūfulus"
    },
    {
      "word": "Rūfus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "rúfol",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Catalan: rúfol",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Catalan: rúfol"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "rufous",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: rufous",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: rufous"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "rufo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: rufo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: rufo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "rufo"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: rufo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: rufo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*rouðos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *rouðos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "osc",
        "3": "𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔"
      },
      "expansion": "Oscan 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (rufriis)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "xum",
        "3": "𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌖"
      },
      "expansion": "Umbrian 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌖 (rufru)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "xfa",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Faliscan",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "red"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *rouðos. The medial -f- indicates a borrowing from a Sabellic language such as Oscan 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (rufriis), Umbrian 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌖 (rufru), or from a sister variety such as Faliscan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). It might have penetrated urban Latin by virtue of the fact that it was used as an attribute for oxen sold in the markets in Rome. The word rōbus, which ended up being limited to oxen instead, represents the regular outcome of the same etymon.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rūfus",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfa",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūfa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūfus"
      },
      "expansion": "rūfus (feminine rūfa, neuter rūfum); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūfus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "rōbus"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruber"
    },
    {
      "word": "albus"
    },
    {
      "word": "candidus"
    },
    {
      "word": "subalbus"
    },
    {
      "word": "niveus"
    },
    {
      "word": "cēreus"
    },
    {
      "word": "marmoreus"
    },
    {
      "word": "eburneus"
    },
    {
      "word": "cānus"
    },
    {
      "english": "ML.",
      "word": "blancus"
    },
    {
      "word": "glaucus"
    },
    {
      "word": "rāvus"
    },
    {
      "word": "pullus"
    },
    {
      "word": "cinereus"
    },
    {
      "word": "cinerāceus"
    },
    {
      "word": "plumbeus"
    },
    {
      "english": "ML. or NL.",
      "word": "grīseus"
    },
    {
      "word": "niger"
    },
    {
      "word": "āter"
    },
    {
      "word": "piceus"
    },
    {
      "word": "furvus"
    },
    {
      "word": "rūbidus"
    },
    {
      "word": "rūfus"
    },
    {
      "word": "rubicundus"
    },
    {
      "word": "russus"
    },
    {
      "word": "rubrīcus"
    },
    {
      "word": "pūniceus"
    },
    {
      "word": "murrinus"
    },
    {
      "word": "mulleus"
    },
    {
      "word": "cocceus"
    },
    {
      "word": "coccīnus"
    },
    {
      "word": "badius"
    },
    {
      "word": "rutilus"
    },
    {
      "word": "armeniacus"
    },
    {
      "word": "aurantius"
    },
    {
      "word": "aurantiacus"
    },
    {
      "word": "fuscus"
    },
    {
      "word": "suffuscus"
    },
    {
      "word": "colōrius"
    },
    {
      "word": "cervīnus"
    },
    {
      "word": "spādīx"
    },
    {
      "word": "castaneus"
    },
    {
      "word": "aquilus"
    },
    {
      "word": "fulvus"
    },
    {
      "english": "ML.",
      "word": "brunneus"
    },
    {
      "word": "flāvus"
    },
    {
      "word": "sufflāvus"
    },
    {
      "word": "flāvidus"
    },
    {
      "word": "lūteus"
    },
    {
      "word": "gilvus"
    },
    {
      "word": "helvus"
    },
    {
      "word": "croceus"
    },
    {
      "word": "pallidus"
    },
    {
      "english": "ML.",
      "word": "blondinus"
    },
    {
      "word": "galbus"
    },
    {
      "word": "galbinus"
    },
    {
      "word": "lūridus"
    },
    {
      "word": "viridis"
    },
    {
      "word": "prasinus"
    },
    {
      "word": "cȳaneus"
    },
    {
      "word": "caeruleus"
    },
    {
      "english": "ML.",
      "word": "azurīnus"
    },
    {
      "word": "caesius"
    },
    {
      "roman": "LL.",
      "word": "blāvus"
    },
    {
      "word": "līvidus"
    },
    {
      "word": "venetus"
    },
    {
      "word": "violāceus"
    },
    {
      "word": "ianthinus"
    },
    {
      "roman": "NL.",
      "word": "balaustīnus"
    },
    {
      "word": "ostrīnus"
    },
    {
      "word": "amethystīnus"
    },
    {
      "word": "purpureus"
    },
    {
      "word": "ātropurpureus"
    },
    {
      "word": "roseus"
    },
    {
      "word": "rosāceus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "red, reddish, ruddy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "red",
          "red"
        ],
        [
          "reddish",
          "reddish"
        ],
        [
          "ruddy",
          "ruddy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "redheaded, red-haired"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "redheaded",
          "redheaded"
        ],
        [
          "red-haired",
          "red-haired"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruː.fus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈruːfʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈru.fus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈruːfus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rufus"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rufus meaning in Latin (8.4kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.