"proprius" meaning in Latin

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "propriē"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "proprietās"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "propriō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "word": "propiu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "word": "prupiu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "word": "propi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "proper"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "propra"
    },
    {
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "propre"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Istriot",
      "lang_code": "ist",
      "word": "pruoprio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "word": "proprio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "word": "propio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "word": "próprio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "word": "propriu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "word": "propio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Venetan",
      "lang_code": "vec",
      "word": "propio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "lang_code": "lmo",
      "word": "propes"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "lang_code": "lmo",
      "word": "propi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*preyH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*pro-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *pro-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*priHós",
        "t": "dear"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“dear”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "प्रिय",
        "t": "dear",
        "tr": "priyá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit प्रिय (priyá, “dear”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "прия́тель",
        "t": "buddy, mate"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian прия́тель (prijátelʹ, “buddy, mate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "прия́тный",
        "t": "pleasant"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian прия́тный (prijátnyj, “pleasant”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "rhydd",
        "t": "free"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh rhydd (“free”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "free"
      },
      "expansion": "English free",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*préy",
        "4": "*prey-wo-s",
        "t": "being in front"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prey-wo-s (“being in front”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pro-",
        "3": "pater",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "pro- + pater",
      "name": "pre"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "προπάτωρ",
        "t": "forefather"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek προπάτωρ (propátōr, “forefather”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Most likely from Proto-Italic *pro- + *prijos (“own, dear”), from Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“dear”). Since pro- can hardly be explained as a nominal prefix, Forssman (2004) explains it as having been extended to the adjective from the verb propriāre, once-attested as propriāssit. Cognate to Sanskrit प्रिय (priyá, “dear”), Russian прия́тель (prijátelʹ, “buddy, mate”) and Russian прия́тный (prijátnyj, “pleasant”), Welsh rhydd (“free”), English free.\nOther suggestions include:\n* for *proprīvus, from the root of prīvus (“individual”), from Proto-Indo-European *prey-wo-s (“being in front”).\n* for *propatrius, from pro- + pater, meaning “from one's forefathers”, taking Ancient Greek προπάτωρ (propátōr, “forefather”) as comparison.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "propria",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprium",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprius",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proprius"
      },
      "expansion": "proprius (feminine propria, neuter proprium); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proprius"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pecūliāris"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "prīvātus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "suus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 9 21 5 12 1 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms where prefixed pro- is short",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "appropriate to oneself: (one's) proper, (one's) own (inalienably)"
      ],
      "id": "en-proprius-la-adj-fqEJ2LnJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "appropriate",
          "appropriate"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ],
        [
          "proper",
          "proper"
        ],
        [
          "own",
          "own"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 9 21 5 12 1 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms where prefixed pro- is short",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Some distribute their own goods, and grow richer: others take away what is not their own, and are always in want. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)",
          "ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.11.24",
          "text": "aliī dīvidunt propria et dītiōrēs fīunt aliī rapiunt nōn sua et semper in egestāte sunt",
          "translation": "Some distribute their own goods, and grow richer: others take away what is not their own, and are always in want. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "belonging to oneself as property, or goods: (one's) own (alienably)"
      ],
      "id": "en-proprius-la-adj-1-oqKIAM",
      "links": [
        [
          "belong",
          "belong"
        ],
        [
          "property",
          "property"
        ],
        [
          "goods",
          "goods"
        ],
        [
          "own",
          "own"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms with collocations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "proper noun",
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "nōmen proprium",
          "translation": "proper noun",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "particular to one individual, group, or case: characteristic, distinctive, eccentric, idiosyncratic, individual, specialized"
      ],
      "id": "en-proprius-la-adj-RBZ3gCAf",
      "links": [
        [
          "particular",
          "particular"
        ],
        [
          "individual",
          "individual"
        ],
        [
          "group",
          "group"
        ],
        [
          "case",
          "case"
        ],
        [
          "characteristic",
          "characteristic"
        ],
        [
          "distinctive",
          "distinctive"
        ],
        [
          "eccentric",
          "eccentric"
        ],
        [
          "idiosyncratic",
          "idiosyncratic"
        ],
        [
          "specialized",
          "specialized"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 9 21 5 12 1 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms where prefixed pro- is short",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "PAMPHILUS: That’s why I believe the life of gods to be eternal — because their own pleasures are permanent. For [this same reason], my immortality has been secured — if no grief interferes with this joy.",
          "ref": "166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 959–961",
          "text": "PAMPHILUS: Ego deōrum vītam proptereā sempiternam esse arbitror / quod voluptātēs eōrum propriae sunt; nam mihi immortālitās / parta est, sī nūlla aegritūdō huic gaudiō intercesserit.",
          "translation": "PAMPHILUS: That’s why I believe the life of gods to be eternal — because their own pleasures are permanent. For [this same reason], my immortality has been secured — if no grief interferes with this joy.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "going on without end: lasting, constant, permanent, perpetual"
      ],
      "id": "en-proprius-la-adj-wRB4rfxm",
      "links": [
        [
          "lasting",
          "lasting"
        ],
        [
          "constant",
          "constant"
        ],
        [
          "permanent",
          "permanent"
        ],
        [
          "perpetual",
          "perpetual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "commūnis"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "not shared with others: personal, private, exclusive"
      ],
      "id": "en-proprius-la-adj-i4x2yaGU",
      "links": [
        [
          "personal",
          "personal"
        ],
        [
          "private",
          "private"
        ],
        [
          "exclusive",
          "exclusive"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 9 21 5 12 1 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms where prefixed pro- is short",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Therefore, since I do not yet dare to do that which is best — and which is characteristic of this authority and the discipline of our ancestors — I will do that which, in regard to severity, is milder, and in regard to the common welfare, more useful.",
          "ref": "63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.12",
          "text": "Quārē, quoniam id, quod est prīmum, et quod huius imperiī disciplīnaeque maiōrum proprium est, facere nōndum audeō, faciam id, quod est ad sevēritātem lēnius et ad commūnem salūtem ūtilius.",
          "translation": "Therefore, since I do not yet dare to do that which is best — and which is characteristic of this authority and the discipline of our ancestors — I will do that which, in regard to severity, is milder, and in regard to the common welfare, more useful.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "proper to, characteristic of a given set of persons or things"
      ],
      "id": "en-proprius-la-adj-pJEnGaPA",
      "links": [
        [
          "proper",
          "proper"
        ],
        [
          "characteristic",
          "characteristic"
        ],
        [
          "set",
          "set"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of activities) proper to, characteristic of a given set of persons or things"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of activities"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trālāticius"
        },
        {
          "word": "trānslātus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "proper, literal, strict",
        "concrete, specific"
      ],
      "id": "en-proprius-la-adj-Zt0dmEH9",
      "links": [
        [
          "literal",
          "literal"
        ],
        [
          "strict",
          "strict"
        ],
        [
          "concrete",
          "concrete"
        ],
        [
          "specific",
          "specific"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of words) proper, literal, strict",
        "concrete, specific"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of words"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trālāticius"
        },
        {
          "word": "trānslātus"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 3 21 2 4 0 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 9 21 5 12 1 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms where prefixed pro- is short",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 19 1 20 1 2 0 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 19 1 20 1 2 0 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "proper, literal, strict",
        "used of proper nouns"
      ],
      "id": "en-proprius-la-adj-gquxEnLW",
      "links": [
        [
          "literal",
          "literal"
        ],
        [
          "strict",
          "strict"
        ],
        [
          "proper noun",
          "proper noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of words) proper, literal, strict",
        "used of proper nouns"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of words"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈprɔ.pri.ʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈprɔp.ri.ʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈprɔː.pri.us]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈprɔp.ri.us]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "proprius"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin adjectives",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin first and second declension adjectives",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preyH-",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms where prefixed pro- is short",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "propriē"
    },
    {
      "word": "proprietās"
    },
    {
      "word": "propriō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "word": "propiu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "word": "prupiu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "word": "propi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "proper"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "propra"
    },
    {
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "propre"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Istriot",
      "lang_code": "ist",
      "word": "pruoprio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "word": "proprio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "word": "propio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "word": "próprio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "word": "propriu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "word": "propio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Venetan",
      "lang_code": "vec",
      "word": "propio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "lang_code": "lmo",
      "word": "propes"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "lang_code": "lmo",
      "word": "propi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*preyH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*pro-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *pro-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*priHós",
        "t": "dear"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“dear”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "प्रिय",
        "t": "dear",
        "tr": "priyá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit प्रिय (priyá, “dear”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "прия́тель",
        "t": "buddy, mate"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian прия́тель (prijátelʹ, “buddy, mate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "прия́тный",
        "t": "pleasant"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian прия́тный (prijátnyj, “pleasant”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "rhydd",
        "t": "free"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh rhydd (“free”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "free"
      },
      "expansion": "English free",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*préy",
        "4": "*prey-wo-s",
        "t": "being in front"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prey-wo-s (“being in front”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pro-",
        "3": "pater",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "pro- + pater",
      "name": "pre"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "προπάτωρ",
        "t": "forefather"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek προπάτωρ (propátōr, “forefather”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Most likely from Proto-Italic *pro- + *prijos (“own, dear”), from Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“dear”). Since pro- can hardly be explained as a nominal prefix, Forssman (2004) explains it as having been extended to the adjective from the verb propriāre, once-attested as propriāssit. Cognate to Sanskrit प्रिय (priyá, “dear”), Russian прия́тель (prijátelʹ, “buddy, mate”) and Russian прия́тный (prijátnyj, “pleasant”), Welsh rhydd (“free”), English free.\nOther suggestions include:\n* for *proprīvus, from the root of prīvus (“individual”), from Proto-Indo-European *prey-wo-s (“being in front”).\n* for *propatrius, from pro- + pater, meaning “from one's forefathers”, taking Ancient Greek προπάτωρ (propátōr, “forefather”) as comparison.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "propria",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprium",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprius",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "proprium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propriae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "propria",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proprius"
      },
      "expansion": "proprius (feminine propria, neuter proprium); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proprius"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "pecūliāris"
    },
    {
      "word": "prīvātus"
    },
    {
      "word": "suus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "appropriate to oneself: (one's) proper, (one's) own (inalienably)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "appropriate",
          "appropriate"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ],
        [
          "proper",
          "proper"
        ],
        [
          "own",
          "own"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Some distribute their own goods, and grow richer: others take away what is not their own, and are always in want. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)",
          "ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.11.24",
          "text": "aliī dīvidunt propria et dītiōrēs fīunt aliī rapiunt nōn sua et semper in egestāte sunt",
          "translation": "Some distribute their own goods, and grow richer: others take away what is not their own, and are always in want. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "belonging to oneself as property, or goods: (one's) own (alienably)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "belong",
          "belong"
        ],
        [
          "property",
          "property"
        ],
        [
          "goods",
          "goods"
        ],
        [
          "own",
          "own"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "proper noun",
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "nōmen proprium",
          "translation": "proper noun",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "particular to one individual, group, or case: characteristic, distinctive, eccentric, idiosyncratic, individual, specialized"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "particular",
          "particular"
        ],
        [
          "individual",
          "individual"
        ],
        [
          "group",
          "group"
        ],
        [
          "case",
          "case"
        ],
        [
          "characteristic",
          "characteristic"
        ],
        [
          "distinctive",
          "distinctive"
        ],
        [
          "eccentric",
          "eccentric"
        ],
        [
          "idiosyncratic",
          "idiosyncratic"
        ],
        [
          "specialized",
          "specialized"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "PAMPHILUS: That’s why I believe the life of gods to be eternal — because their own pleasures are permanent. For [this same reason], my immortality has been secured — if no grief interferes with this joy.",
          "ref": "166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 959–961",
          "text": "PAMPHILUS: Ego deōrum vītam proptereā sempiternam esse arbitror / quod voluptātēs eōrum propriae sunt; nam mihi immortālitās / parta est, sī nūlla aegritūdō huic gaudiō intercesserit.",
          "translation": "PAMPHILUS: That’s why I believe the life of gods to be eternal — because their own pleasures are permanent. For [this same reason], my immortality has been secured — if no grief interferes with this joy.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "going on without end: lasting, constant, permanent, perpetual"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lasting",
          "lasting"
        ],
        [
          "constant",
          "constant"
        ],
        [
          "permanent",
          "permanent"
        ],
        [
          "perpetual",
          "perpetual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "commūnis"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "not shared with others: personal, private, exclusive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "personal",
          "personal"
        ],
        [
          "private",
          "private"
        ],
        [
          "exclusive",
          "exclusive"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Therefore, since I do not yet dare to do that which is best — and which is characteristic of this authority and the discipline of our ancestors — I will do that which, in regard to severity, is milder, and in regard to the common welfare, more useful.",
          "ref": "63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.12",
          "text": "Quārē, quoniam id, quod est prīmum, et quod huius imperiī disciplīnaeque maiōrum proprium est, facere nōndum audeō, faciam id, quod est ad sevēritātem lēnius et ad commūnem salūtem ūtilius.",
          "translation": "Therefore, since I do not yet dare to do that which is best — and which is characteristic of this authority and the discipline of our ancestors — I will do that which, in regard to severity, is milder, and in regard to the common welfare, more useful.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "proper to, characteristic of a given set of persons or things"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "proper",
          "proper"
        ],
        [
          "characteristic",
          "characteristic"
        ],
        [
          "set",
          "set"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of activities) proper to, characteristic of a given set of persons or things"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of activities"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trālāticius"
        },
        {
          "word": "trānslātus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "proper, literal, strict",
        "concrete, specific"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "literal",
          "literal"
        ],
        [
          "strict",
          "strict"
        ],
        [
          "concrete",
          "concrete"
        ],
        [
          "specific",
          "specific"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of words) proper, literal, strict",
        "concrete, specific"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of words"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trālāticius"
        },
        {
          "word": "trānslātus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "proper, literal, strict",
        "used of proper nouns"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "literal",
          "literal"
        ],
        [
          "strict",
          "strict"
        ],
        [
          "proper noun",
          "proper noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of words) proper, literal, strict",
        "used of proper nouns"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of words"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈprɔ.pri.ʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈprɔp.ri.ʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈprɔː.pri.us]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈprɔp.ri.us]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "proprius"
}