See primus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*priisemos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *priisemos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*préy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *préy",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"t": "before, in front"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“before, in front”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "promom"
},
"expansion": "Oscan promom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "promom",
"t": "first"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian promom (“first”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier prīsmos, from Proto-Italic *priisemos, a superlative form (see -issimus) of the obsolete preposition *pri ~ *prei, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *préy, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“before, in front”). Compare prior (“earlier, in front”), the corresponding comparative. Cognate of Oscan promom, Umbrian promom (“first”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prīmus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "prīma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmō",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prīma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prīma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prīmus",
"adv": "prīmō"
},
"expansion": "prīmus (feminine prīma, neuter prīmum, adverb prīmō); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prīmus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ultimus"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ellipses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin ordinal numbers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cum prīmīs"
},
{
"word": "prīma māteria"
},
{
"word": "prīmārius"
},
{
"word": "prīmī decannālēs"
},
{
"word": "prīmō"
},
{
"word": "prīmōgenitus"
},
{
"word": "prīmum mōbile"
},
{
"word": "prīmum movēns"
},
{
"word": "prīmum nōn nocēre"
},
{
"word": "prīmus inter pārēs"
},
{
"word": "prīnceps"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "O gods, favor my undertakings (for you have changed them too), and lead my uninterrupted song down from the first origin of the world to my times!",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.2–4",
"roman": "ad mea perpetuum dēdūcite tempora carmen!",
"text": "[…] dī, coeptīs (nam vōs mūtāstis et illa)\nadspīrāte meīs prīmāque ab orīgine mundī",
"translation": "O gods, favor my undertakings (for you have changed them too), and lead my uninterrupted song down from the first origin of the world to my times!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first, early"
],
"id": "en-primus-la-adj-lLXbGQmj",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"early",
"early"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpriː.mʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpriː.mus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "primus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "cum prīmīs"
},
{
"word": "prīma māteria"
},
{
"word": "prīmārius"
},
{
"word": "prīmī decannālēs"
},
{
"word": "prīmō"
},
{
"word": "prīmōgenitus"
},
{
"word": "prīmum mōbile"
},
{
"word": "prīmum movēns"
},
{
"word": "prīmum nōn nocēre"
},
{
"word": "prīmus inter pārēs"
},
{
"word": "prīnceps"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*priisemos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *priisemos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*préy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *préy",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"t": "before, in front"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“before, in front”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "promom"
},
"expansion": "Oscan promom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "promom",
"t": "first"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian promom (“first”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier prīsmos, from Proto-Italic *priisemos, a superlative form (see -issimus) of the obsolete preposition *pri ~ *prei, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *préy, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“before, in front”). Compare prior (“earlier, in front”), the corresponding comparative. Cognate of Oscan promom, Umbrian promom (“first”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prīmus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "prīma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmō",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prīme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prīma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prīmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prīma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prīmus",
"adv": "prīmō"
},
"expansion": "prīmus (feminine prīma, neuter prīmum, adverb prīmō); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prīmus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ultimus"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin ellipses",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin ordinal numbers",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "O gods, favor my undertakings (for you have changed them too), and lead my uninterrupted song down from the first origin of the world to my times!",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.2–4",
"roman": "ad mea perpetuum dēdūcite tempora carmen!",
"text": "[…] dī, coeptīs (nam vōs mūtāstis et illa)\nadspīrāte meīs prīmāque ab orīgine mundī",
"translation": "O gods, favor my undertakings (for you have changed them too), and lead my uninterrupted song down from the first origin of the world to my times!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first, early"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"early",
"early"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpriː.mʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpriː.mus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "primus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for primus meaning in Latin (6.1kB)
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"title": "primus",
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.