See perna in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pernārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": ">? Medieval Latin: *pernula – see perula for possible descendants of *pernula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "pérna",
"word": "πέρνα"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "pierna"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "perna"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "perno"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"word": "pierna"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "perna"
},
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "pelna"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "perna"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "perna"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "perna"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "perna"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "pierna"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Perna"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*persnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *persnā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tpḗrsneh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "heel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tpḗrsneh₂ (“heel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πτέρνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πτέρνη (ptérnē)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पार्ष्णि",
"tr": "pā́rṣṇi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌽𐌰",
"3": "",
"4": "heel"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌽𐌰 (fairzna, “heel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پاشنه",
"3": "",
"4": "heel",
"tr": "pâšne"
},
"expansion": "Persian پاشنه (pâšne, “heel”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *persnā, from Proto-Indo-European *tpḗrsneh₂ (“heel”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πτέρνη (ptérnē), Sanskrit पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌽𐌰 (fairzna, “heel”), Persian پاشنه (pâšne, “heel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pernae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perna<1>"
},
"expansion": "perna f (genitive pernae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "77 7 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A haunch or ham together with the leg, gammon."
],
"id": "en-perna-la-noun-CS8hc~94",
"links": [
[
"haunch",
"haunch"
],
[
"ham",
"ham"
],
[
"gammon",
"gammon"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A thigh-bone, with the meat upon it to the knee-joint, a leg of pork, a ham or gammon of bacon."
],
"id": "en-perna-la-noun-dNStF-BO",
"links": [
[
"thigh",
"thigh"
],
[
"bone",
"bone"
],
[
"leg",
"leg"
],
[
"ham",
"ham"
],
[
"gammon",
"gammon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) A thigh-bone, with the meat upon it to the knee-joint, a leg of pork, a ham or gammon of bacon."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a kind of mussel"
],
"id": "en-perna-la-noun-ACxo7Giw",
"links": [
[
"mussel",
"mussel"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛr.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛr.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "perna"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See perula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pernae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perna<1>"
},
"expansion": "perna f (genitive pernae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "perula"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of perula"
],
"id": "en-perna-la-noun-lnrhbV5k",
"links": [
[
"perula",
"perula#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛr.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛr.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "perna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pernārius"
},
{
"word": ">? Medieval Latin: *pernula – see perula for possible descendants of *pernula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "pérna",
"word": "πέρνα"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "pierna"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "perna"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "perno"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"word": "pierna"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "perna"
},
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "pelna"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "perna"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "perna"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "perna"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "perna"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "pierna"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Perna"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*persnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *persnā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tpḗrsneh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "heel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tpḗrsneh₂ (“heel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πτέρνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πτέρνη (ptérnē)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पार्ष्णि",
"tr": "pā́rṣṇi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌽𐌰",
"3": "",
"4": "heel"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌽𐌰 (fairzna, “heel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پاشنه",
"3": "",
"4": "heel",
"tr": "pâšne"
},
"expansion": "Persian پاشنه (pâšne, “heel”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *persnā, from Proto-Indo-European *tpḗrsneh₂ (“heel”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πτέρνη (ptérnē), Sanskrit पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌽𐌰 (fairzna, “heel”), Persian پاشنه (pâšne, “heel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pernae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perna<1>"
},
"expansion": "perna f (genitive pernae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A haunch or ham together with the leg, gammon."
],
"links": [
[
"haunch",
"haunch"
],
[
"ham",
"ham"
],
[
"gammon",
"gammon"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A thigh-bone, with the meat upon it to the knee-joint, a leg of pork, a ham or gammon of bacon."
],
"links": [
[
"thigh",
"thigh"
],
[
"bone",
"bone"
],
[
"leg",
"leg"
],
[
"ham",
"ham"
],
[
"gammon",
"gammon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) A thigh-bone, with the meat upon it to the knee-joint, a leg of pork, a ham or gammon of bacon."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a kind of mussel"
],
"links": [
[
"mussel",
"mussel"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛr.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛr.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "perna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See perula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pernae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pernā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pernīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pernae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perna<1>"
},
"expansion": "perna f (genitive pernae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "perula"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of perula"
],
"links": [
[
"perula",
"perula#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛr.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛr.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "perna"
}
Download raw JSONL data for perna meaning in Latin (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.