"paene" meaning in Latin

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "paenīnsula"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "paenultimus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "New-Latin"
      ],
      "word": "paenumbra"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "pãnã",
            "3": "pãn",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Aromanian: pãnã, pãn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Aromanian: pãnã, pãn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "până",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Romanian: până",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Romanian: până"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "pene-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: pene-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: pene-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "patior",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to suffer"
      },
      "expansion": "patior (“to suffer”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₁-",
        "4": "*peh₂-(i)-",
        "5": "to hurt"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-(i)- (“to hurt”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*peh₁-(i)-"
      },
      "expansion": "*peh₁-(i)-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*peh₁y-"
      },
      "expansion": "*peh₁y-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "unresolved"
      },
      "expansion": "unresolved",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "paeniteō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to cause dissatisfaction/regret"
      },
      "expansion": "paeniteō (“to cause dissatisfaction/regret”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pēnūria",
        "3": "paenūria",
        "4": "shortage"
      },
      "expansion": "paenūria (“shortage”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from the same root as patior (“to suffer”); this may be Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-(i)- (“to hurt”), but its standard reconstruction as *peh₁-(i)- (or *peh₁y-) creates phonetic problems for the Latin. So, the etymology is unresolved.\nThe original meaning was likely “lacking, missing” (> “falling short”), as preserved in the related words paeniteō (“to cause dissatisfaction/regret”) and paenūria (“shortage”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "paene",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "paene (not comparable)",
      "name": "la-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adv",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "paenitō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "paenūria"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "almost, nearly"
      ],
      "id": "en-paene-la-adv-5xSg1DOT",
      "links": [
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ],
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "prope"
        },
        {
          "word": "fermē"
        },
        {
          "word": "ferē"
        },
        {
          "word": "iū̆xtā"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "scarcely, hardly, barely (ex: paene incredibilia)"
      ],
      "id": "en-paene-la-adv-6YVyMqrF",
      "links": [
        [
          "scarcely",
          "scarcely"
        ],
        [
          "hardly",
          "hardly"
        ],
        [
          "barely",
          "barely"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(with negative) scarcely, hardly, barely (ex: paene incredibilia)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with negative"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpae̯.ne/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpäe̯nɛ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.ne/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpɛːne]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Helmut Rix",
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
  ],
  "word": "paene"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin adverbs",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₁-",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Latin uncomparable adverbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "paenīnsula"
    },
    {
      "word": "paenultimus"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "New-Latin"
      ],
      "word": "paenumbra"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "pãnã",
            "3": "pãn",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Aromanian: pãnã, pãn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Aromanian: pãnã, pãn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "până",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Romanian: până",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Romanian: până"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "pene-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: pene-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: pene-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "patior",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to suffer"
      },
      "expansion": "patior (“to suffer”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₁-",
        "4": "*peh₂-(i)-",
        "5": "to hurt"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-(i)- (“to hurt”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*peh₁-(i)-"
      },
      "expansion": "*peh₁-(i)-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*peh₁y-"
      },
      "expansion": "*peh₁y-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "unresolved"
      },
      "expansion": "unresolved",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "paeniteō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to cause dissatisfaction/regret"
      },
      "expansion": "paeniteō (“to cause dissatisfaction/regret”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pēnūria",
        "3": "paenūria",
        "4": "shortage"
      },
      "expansion": "paenūria (“shortage”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from the same root as patior (“to suffer”); this may be Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-(i)- (“to hurt”), but its standard reconstruction as *peh₁-(i)- (or *peh₁y-) creates phonetic problems for the Latin. So, the etymology is unresolved.\nThe original meaning was likely “lacking, missing” (> “falling short”), as preserved in the related words paeniteō (“to cause dissatisfaction/regret”) and paenūria (“shortage”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "paene",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "paene (not comparable)",
      "name": "la-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adv",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "paenitō"
    },
    {
      "word": "paenūria"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "almost, nearly"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ],
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "prope"
        },
        {
          "word": "fermē"
        },
        {
          "word": "ferē"
        },
        {
          "word": "iū̆xtā"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "scarcely, hardly, barely (ex: paene incredibilia)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scarcely",
          "scarcely"
        ],
        [
          "hardly",
          "hardly"
        ],
        [
          "barely",
          "barely"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(with negative) scarcely, hardly, barely (ex: paene incredibilia)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with negative"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpae̯.ne/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpäe̯nɛ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpe.ne/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpɛːne]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Helmut Rix",
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
  ],
  "word": "paene"
}