"merx" meaning in Latin

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "commercium"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "mercēs"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "mercimōnium"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "mercor"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "merce"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: merce",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: merce"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "merce"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: merce",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: merce"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "merci"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: merci",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: merci"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "esmerçar",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Catalan: esmerçar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Catalan: esmerçar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eu",
            "2": "merke",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Basque: merke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Basque: merke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "id": "merchandise"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*merks"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *merks",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xfa",
        "2": "𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌂𐌖𐌉",
        "pos": "dative"
      },
      "expansion": "Faliscan 𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌂𐌖𐌉 (mercui, dative)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osc",
        "2": "𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌖𐌉",
        "pos": "dat.sg."
      },
      "expansion": "Oscan 𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌖𐌉 (merikui, dat.sg.)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ett",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Etruscan",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*merkʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *merkʷ-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μάρπτω",
        "t": "to take hold"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μάρπτω (márptō, “to take hold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xto",
        "2": "märk-",
        "t": "to take away"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian A märk- (“to take away”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*mrogis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *mrogis",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*markō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *markō",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "مرز",
        "tr": "marz"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian مرز (marz)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "𒈥𒀝𒍣",
        "t": "to cut up, separate, divide, distribute",
        "tr": "mar-ak-zi",
        "ts": "marktsi"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒈥𒀝𒍣 (mar-ak-zi /⁠marktsi⁠/, “to cut up, separate, divide, distribute”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "i"
      },
      "expansion": "ⁱ",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "mereō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin mereō",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *merks (compare Faliscan 𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌂𐌖𐌉 (mercui, dative), Oscan 𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌖𐌉 (merikui, dat.sg.), names of deities), of uncertain etymology. De Vaan relates this word to Mercurius, deriving them both from a root referring to various aspects of economics, which he presumes to have an Etruscan origin.\nHowever, in the 2020s, Nikolaev and Matasović independently proposed Indo-European etymologies for merx. Both derivations assume that the simple -c- in the oblique cases was analogically levelled based on the nominative singular, as all velars merged to *-k- when immediately preceding the nominative singular *-s in Italic.\n* Nikolaev reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *merkʷ-, relating merx to Ancient Greek μάρπτω (márptō, “to take hold”) and Tocharian A märk- (“to take away”).\n* Matasović instead derives this word from a root *merǵ- (“to divide”), whence also margō (“border”), Proto-Celtic *mrogis, Proto-Germanic *markō, and Persian مرز (marz), the verbal sense of which survives in Hittite 𒈥𒀝𒍣 (mar-ak-zi /⁠marktsi⁠/, “to cut up, separate, divide, distribute”). The connection to Hittite was in fact already suggested by Puhvel (2004). This root *merǵ- may itself be an extension of *mer- (“to divide, apportion, allot”), for which see Latin mereō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mercis",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "merx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "merce",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "merx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marca",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercha",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marcha",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "merx<3.I>",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "merx f (genitive mercis); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "merx<3.I>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "merchandise, commodity"
      ],
      "id": "en-merx-la-noun-Yg39gtVC",
      "links": [
        [
          "merchandise",
          "merchandise"
        ],
        [
          "commodity",
          "commodity"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "goods, wares"
      ],
      "id": "en-merx-la-noun-757faBXm",
      "links": [
        [
          "goods",
          "goods"
        ],
        [
          "wares",
          "wares"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmerks/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmɛrks̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmerks/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmɛrks]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "merx"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 1-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin feminine nouns",
    "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Etruscan",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Latin third declension nouns",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "commercium"
    },
    {
      "word": "mercēs"
    },
    {
      "word": "mercimōnium"
    },
    {
      "word": "mercor"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "merce"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: merce",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: merce"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "merce"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: merce",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: merce"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "merci"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: merci",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: merci"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "esmerçar",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Catalan: esmerçar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Catalan: esmerçar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eu",
            "2": "merke",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Basque: merke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Basque: merke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "id": "merchandise"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*merks"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *merks",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xfa",
        "2": "𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌂𐌖𐌉",
        "pos": "dative"
      },
      "expansion": "Faliscan 𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌂𐌖𐌉 (mercui, dative)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osc",
        "2": "𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌖𐌉",
        "pos": "dat.sg."
      },
      "expansion": "Oscan 𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌖𐌉 (merikui, dat.sg.)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ett",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Etruscan",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*merkʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *merkʷ-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μάρπτω",
        "t": "to take hold"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μάρπτω (márptō, “to take hold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xto",
        "2": "märk-",
        "t": "to take away"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian A märk- (“to take away”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*mrogis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *mrogis",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*markō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *markō",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "مرز",
        "tr": "marz"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian مرز (marz)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "𒈥𒀝𒍣",
        "t": "to cut up, separate, divide, distribute",
        "tr": "mar-ak-zi",
        "ts": "marktsi"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒈥𒀝𒍣 (mar-ak-zi /⁠marktsi⁠/, “to cut up, separate, divide, distribute”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "i"
      },
      "expansion": "ⁱ",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "mereō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin mereō",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *merks (compare Faliscan 𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌂𐌖𐌉 (mercui, dative), Oscan 𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌖𐌉 (merikui, dat.sg.), names of deities), of uncertain etymology. De Vaan relates this word to Mercurius, deriving them both from a root referring to various aspects of economics, which he presumes to have an Etruscan origin.\nHowever, in the 2020s, Nikolaev and Matasović independently proposed Indo-European etymologies for merx. Both derivations assume that the simple -c- in the oblique cases was analogically levelled based on the nominative singular, as all velars merged to *-k- when immediately preceding the nominative singular *-s in Italic.\n* Nikolaev reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *merkʷ-, relating merx to Ancient Greek μάρπτω (márptō, “to take hold”) and Tocharian A märk- (“to take away”).\n* Matasović instead derives this word from a root *merǵ- (“to divide”), whence also margō (“border”), Proto-Celtic *mrogis, Proto-Germanic *markō, and Persian مرز (marz), the verbal sense of which survives in Hittite 𒈥𒀝𒍣 (mar-ak-zi /⁠marktsi⁠/, “to cut up, separate, divide, distribute”). The connection to Hittite was in fact already suggested by Puhvel (2004). This root *merǵ- may itself be an extension of *mer- (“to divide, apportion, allot”), for which see Latin mereō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mercis",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "merx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "merce",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "merx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marca",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mercha",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marcha",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "merx<3.I>",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "merx f (genitive mercis); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "merx<3.I>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "merchandise, commodity"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "merchandise",
          "merchandise"
        ],
        [
          "commodity",
          "commodity"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "goods, wares"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "goods",
          "goods"
        ],
        [
          "wares",
          "wares"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmerks/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmɛrks̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmerks/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmɛrks]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "merx"
}