See Minerva in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "Minerva"
},
{
"lang": "Etruscan",
"lang_code": "ett",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "menerva",
"word": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌀"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "Minerve"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "ミネルウァ"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "Minerva"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "Minerva"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xfa",
"2": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌀"
},
"expansion": "Faliscan 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌀 (menerua)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌄(𐌅𐌀𐌔)"
},
"expansion": "Oscan 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌄(𐌅𐌀𐌔) (menere(vas))",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "minerua"
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ett",
"2": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌀"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌀 (menerva)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "म॒न॒स्विन्",
"t": "clever, wise",
"tr": "manasvín"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit म॒न॒स्विन् (manasvín, “clever, wise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*katerwā",
"t": "company, band of people"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *katerwā (“company, band of people”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖𐌔",
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},
"expansion": "Umbrian mersus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ménwr̥",
"t": "thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ménwr̥ (“thought”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "Menerva"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin Menerva",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*katerwā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *katerwā",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mḗh₁n̥s",
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"t": "moon"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Connected with prōmenervō (“to warn”), Faliscan 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌀 (menerua), Oscan 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌄(𐌅𐌀𐌔) (menere(vas)), Paelignian minerua, and Etruscan 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌀 (menerva) in some manner. However, the details of the etymology are unclear:\n* Perhaps from earlier *Meneswā, itself perhaps from *menes-wéh₂, which emerged from *ménos (“mind”). Fortson is, however, skeptical of the connection between the name of this goddess and the root *men- (“to think”), noting that the deity was worshipped at Etruria before reaching Rome and also that her associations with wisdom postdate her equation with Athena. There is possibly a direct parallel in the form of Sanskrit म॒न॒स्विन् (manasvín, “clever, wise”), though Fortson doubts the value of the Sanskrit comparison as it is attested at a late date, and belongs to a highly productive type of adjective formation. Rix has also proposed an Italic sound law whereby *-sw- became *-rw- already within Proto-Italic, in which case the pre-form should be reconstructed as *Menerwā. There is possibly another example in the form of Proto-Italic *katerwā (“company, band of people”). However, the existence of this rule is contentious, with Fortson citing Umbrian mersus (< *medeswos not *mederwos) as possible counterevidence. The raising of *e to i in Latin is perhaps also irregular, though minae attests to the same sound change and—according to De Vaan—there are no inherited sequences of /menV/ in Latin, allowing for the possibility that the phonological development is regular.\n* Another hypothesis by Clayton (2024) suggests derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ménwr̥ (“thought”), from the same root above. Clayton proposes that the noun was thematicized to *menwr-ā- in pre-Proto-Italic, before then metathesizing into *menrwā, which then evolved into Old Latin Menerva. For a possible example of a similar development, see also Proto-Italic *katerwā, which Clayton alternatively reconstructs as *katr̥wā.\n* Another theory suggests that the term may derive from Proto-Indo-European *méh₁nos- (“moon”).\n* Alternatively, the linguist Ranko Matasović considers it most likely that the name was borrowed from Etruscan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Minervae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Minerva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervārum",
"links": [
[
"Minervārum",
"Minervarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervīs",
"links": [
[
"Minervīs",
"Minervis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervās",
"links": [
[
"Minervās",
"Minervas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervā",
"links": [
[
"Minervā",
"Minerva#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervīs",
"links": [
[
"Minervīs",
"Minervis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Minerva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Menerva",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Old-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "Menrva",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Old-Latin"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "Minerva<1.both>"
},
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],
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{
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "name",
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{
"categories": [
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"orig": "la:Roman deities",
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},
{
"_dis": "26 2 3 10 5 25 24 2 4",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "25 2 4 13 4 24 23 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "Belisama"
},
{
"word": "Artemis"
},
{
"word": "Diana"
},
{
"word": "Vesta"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Minervālis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Minerva, goddess of wisdom"
],
"id": "en-Minerva-la-name-La39-hOe",
"links": [
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"Minerva",
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"raw_glosses": [
"(Roman mythology) Minerva, goddess of wisdom"
],
"tags": [
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"feminine"
],
"topics": [
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"mysticism",
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"philosophy",
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],
"wikipedia": [
"Benjamin W. Fortson IV",
"de:Brian D. Joseph",
"de:Matthias Andreas Fritz",
"la:+ (discretiva)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[mɪˈnɛr.wa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[miˈnɛr.va]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "Minerva"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"es:Gods",
"es:Roman deities"
],
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{
"word": "Belisama"
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{
"word": "Artemis"
},
{
"word": "Diana"
},
{
"word": "Vesta"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Minervālis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "Minerva"
},
{
"lang": "Etruscan",
"lang_code": "ett",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "menerva",
"word": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌀"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "Minerve"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "ミネルウァ"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "Minerva"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "Minerva"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xfa",
"2": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌀"
},
"expansion": "Faliscan 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌀 (menerua)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌄(𐌅𐌀𐌔)"
},
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "minerua"
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"name": "cog"
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{
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"2": "𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌀"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌀 (menerva)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "म॒न॒स्विन्",
"t": "clever, wise",
"tr": "manasvín"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit म॒न॒स्विन् (manasvín, “clever, wise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*katerwā",
"t": "company, band of people"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *katerwā (“company, band of people”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖𐌔",
"3": "mersus"
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ménwr̥",
"t": "thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ménwr̥ (“thought”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "Menerva"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin Menerva",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*katerwā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *katerwā",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mḗh₁n̥s",
"4": "*méh₁nos-",
"t": "moon"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *méh₁nos- (“moon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Connected with prōmenervō (“to warn”), Faliscan 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌀 (menerua), Oscan 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌄(𐌅𐌀𐌔) (menere(vas)), Paelignian minerua, and Etruscan 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌀 (menerva) in some manner. However, the details of the etymology are unclear:\n* Perhaps from earlier *Meneswā, itself perhaps from *menes-wéh₂, which emerged from *ménos (“mind”). Fortson is, however, skeptical of the connection between the name of this goddess and the root *men- (“to think”), noting that the deity was worshipped at Etruria before reaching Rome and also that her associations with wisdom postdate her equation with Athena. There is possibly a direct parallel in the form of Sanskrit म॒न॒स्विन् (manasvín, “clever, wise”), though Fortson doubts the value of the Sanskrit comparison as it is attested at a late date, and belongs to a highly productive type of adjective formation. Rix has also proposed an Italic sound law whereby *-sw- became *-rw- already within Proto-Italic, in which case the pre-form should be reconstructed as *Menerwā. There is possibly another example in the form of Proto-Italic *katerwā (“company, band of people”). However, the existence of this rule is contentious, with Fortson citing Umbrian mersus (< *medeswos not *mederwos) as possible counterevidence. The raising of *e to i in Latin is perhaps also irregular, though minae attests to the same sound change and—according to De Vaan—there are no inherited sequences of /menV/ in Latin, allowing for the possibility that the phonological development is regular.\n* Another hypothesis by Clayton (2024) suggests derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ménwr̥ (“thought”), from the same root above. Clayton proposes that the noun was thematicized to *menwr-ā- in pre-Proto-Italic, before then metathesizing into *menrwā, which then evolved into Old Latin Menerva. For a possible example of a similar development, see also Proto-Italic *katerwā, which Clayton alternatively reconstructs as *katr̥wā.\n* Another theory suggests that the term may derive from Proto-Indo-European *méh₁nos- (“moon”).\n* Alternatively, the linguist Ranko Matasović considers it most likely that the name was borrowed from Etruscan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Minervae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Minerva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervārum",
"links": [
[
"Minervārum",
"Minervarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervīs",
"links": [
[
"Minervīs",
"Minervis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervās",
"links": [
[
"Minervās",
"Minervas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervā",
"links": [
[
"Minervā",
"Minerva#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervīs",
"links": [
[
"Minervīs",
"Minervis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Minerva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Minervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Menerva",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Old-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "Menrva",
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"Old-Latin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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],
"inflection_templates": [
{
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],
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin proper nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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],
"glosses": [
"Minerva, goddess of wisdom"
],
"links": [
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Roman mythology) Minerva, goddess of wisdom"
],
"tags": [
"Roman",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
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"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Benjamin W. Fortson IV",
"de:Brian D. Joseph",
"de:Matthias Andreas Fritz",
"la:+ (discretiva)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[mɪˈnɛr.wa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[miˈnɛr.va]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "Minerva"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Minerva meaning in Latin (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (e62056b and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.