See 님 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 님 meaning in Korean (10.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ws",
"2": "님〯",
"3": "nǐm",
"dot": ","
},
"expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 님〯 (Yale: nǐm),",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "oko",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Korean",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*nirim"
},
"expansion": "*nirim",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pkc",
"2": "二林",
"t": "lord"
},
"expansion": "Baekje 二林 (“lord”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "님〯금〮",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "님〯금〮",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "님〯금〮",
"2": "nǐmkúm",
"3": "monarch"
},
"expansion": "님〯금〮 (Yale: nǐmkúm, “monarch”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "님〯잫",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "님〯잫",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "님〯잫",
"2": "nǐmcàh",
"3": "owner"
},
"expansion": "님〯잫 (Yale: nǐmcàh, “owner”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "君#Etymology 1",
"3": "君",
"tr": "kimi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 君 (kimi)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "señor"
},
"expansion": "Spanish señor",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 님〯 (Yale: nǐm), from Old Korean *nirim, transcribed in the eighth-century Japanese history Nihon Shoki as Baekje 二林 (“lord”) and variants.\nPer the Japanese sources, the original meaning of the word was \"lord; ruler\"; thus Middle Korean 님〯금〮 (Yale: nǐmkúm, “monarch”) and 님〯잫 (Yale: nǐmcàh, “owner”) are almost certainly related. The semantic shift from \"ruler\" to \"beloved\" is also found in Japanese 君 (kimi).\nThe development of a noun for \"lord\" into an honorific marker is also common; see, for instance, Spanish señor. The development of the Internet slang pronoun arises from speakers adding -nim to the usernames of anonymous addressees in polite speech, leading to nim becoming used as a generic second-person pronoun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "—님",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-nim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "—님 • (-nim)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 13 3 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 26 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 12 3 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 12 3 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 2 59 6 11 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 2 61 5 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 28 10 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Native Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "nunim",
"word": "누님"
},
{
"alt": "兄—",
"roman": "hyeongnim",
"word": "형님"
},
{
"roman": "orabeonim",
"word": "오라버님"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Manager Mr Hong Gildong",
"roman": "Hong Gildong gwajangnim",
"text": "홍 길동 과장님",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"esteemed; Mr., Ms., Mrs."
],
"id": "en-님-ko-suffix-tZhVMVQ2",
"links": [
[
"esteemed",
"esteemed"
],
[
"Mr.",
"Mr."
],
[
"Ms.",
"Ms."
],
[
"Mrs.",
"Mrs."
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(honorific, after a title or a person's name) esteemed; Mr., Ms., Mrs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"after a title or a person's name"
],
"related": [
{
"alt": "氏",
"english": "Mr., Ms.",
"roman": "ssi",
"word": "씨"
}
],
"tags": [
"honorific",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nim]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[님]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kim Yong-sam",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "님"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "king",
"roman": "naranim",
"word": "나라님"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ws",
"2": "님〯",
"3": "nǐm",
"dot": ","
},
"expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 님〯 (Yale: nǐm),",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "oko",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Korean",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*nirim"
},
"expansion": "*nirim",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pkc",
"2": "二林",
"t": "lord"
},
"expansion": "Baekje 二林 (“lord”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "님〯금〮",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "님〯금〮",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "님〯금〮",
"2": "nǐmkúm",
"3": "monarch"
},
"expansion": "님〯금〮 (Yale: nǐmkúm, “monarch”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "님〯잫",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "님〯잫",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "님〯잫",
"2": "nǐmcàh",
"3": "owner"
},
"expansion": "님〯잫 (Yale: nǐmcàh, “owner”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "君#Etymology 1",
"3": "君",
"tr": "kimi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 君 (kimi)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "señor"
},
"expansion": "Spanish señor",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 님〯 (Yale: nǐm), from Old Korean *nirim, transcribed in the eighth-century Japanese history Nihon Shoki as Baekje 二林 (“lord”) and variants.\nPer the Japanese sources, the original meaning of the word was \"lord; ruler\"; thus Middle Korean 님〯금〮 (Yale: nǐmkúm, “monarch”) and 님〯잫 (Yale: nǐmcàh, “owner”) are almost certainly related. The semantic shift from \"ruler\" to \"beloved\" is also found in Japanese 君 (kimi).\nThe development of a noun for \"lord\" into an honorific marker is also common; see, for instance, Spanish señor. The development of the Internet slang pronoun arises from speakers adding -nim to the usernames of anonymous addressees in polite speech, leading to nim becoming used as a generic second-person pronoun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "님 • (nim)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "beloved",
"roman": "im",
"word": "임"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "monarch",
"roman": "imgeum",
"word": "임금"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "owner",
"roman": "imja",
"word": "임자"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "My beloved is gone. Ah, my beloved that I loved is gone.",
"ref": "1926, Han Yong-un, 한용운(韓龍雲), 님의 沈(침)默(묵) (Nim-ui Chimmuk)",
"roman": "Nimeun gatseumnida. Aa, saranghaneun naui nimeun gatseumnida.",
"text": "님은 갓슴니다 아々 사랑하는나의님은 갓슴니다",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beloved (object of speaker's love)"
],
"id": "en-님-ko-noun-2xQhJ-CT",
"links": [
[
"beloved",
"beloved"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) beloved (object of speaker's love)"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"lord"
],
"id": "en-님-ko-noun-CWs3ZNlh",
"links": [
[
"lord",
"lord"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) lord"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nim]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[님]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Han Yong-un",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "님"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ws",
"2": "님〯",
"3": "nǐm",
"dot": ","
},
"expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 님〯 (Yale: nǐm),",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "oko",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Korean",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*nirim"
},
"expansion": "*nirim",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pkc",
"2": "二林",
"t": "lord"
},
"expansion": "Baekje 二林 (“lord”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "님〯금〮",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "님〯금〮",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "님〯금〮",
"2": "nǐmkúm",
"3": "monarch"
},
"expansion": "님〯금〮 (Yale: nǐmkúm, “monarch”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "님〯잫",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "님〯잫",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "님〯잫",
"2": "nǐmcàh",
"3": "owner"
},
"expansion": "님〯잫 (Yale: nǐmcàh, “owner”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "君#Etymology 1",
"3": "君",
"tr": "kimi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 君 (kimi)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "señor"
},
"expansion": "Spanish señor",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 님〯 (Yale: nǐm), from Old Korean *nirim, transcribed in the eighth-century Japanese history Nihon Shoki as Baekje 二林 (“lord”) and variants.\nPer the Japanese sources, the original meaning of the word was \"lord; ruler\"; thus Middle Korean 님〯금〮 (Yale: nǐmkúm, “monarch”) and 님〯잫 (Yale: nǐmcàh, “owner”) are almost certainly related. The semantic shift from \"ruler\" to \"beloved\" is also found in Japanese 君 (kimi).\nThe development of a noun for \"lord\" into an honorific marker is also common; see, for instance, Spanish señor. The development of the Internet slang pronoun arises from speakers adding -nim to the usernames of anonymous addressees in polite speech, leading to nim becoming used as a generic second-person pronoun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "님 • (nim)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"you (second-person pronoun)"
],
"id": "en-님-ko-pron-dHFrWTiE",
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang) you (second-person pronoun)"
],
"tags": [
"Internet"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nim]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[님]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "님"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean pronouns",
"Korean suffixes",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Middle Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Korean lemmas",
"Middle Korean nouns",
"Middle Korean suffixes",
"Middle Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
"Middle Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
"Middle Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Native Korean words"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "nunim",
"word": "누님"
},
{
"alt": "兄—",
"roman": "hyeongnim",
"word": "형님"
},
{
"roman": "orabeonim",
"word": "오라버님"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ws",
"2": "님〯",
"3": "nǐm",
"dot": ","
},
"expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 님〯 (Yale: nǐm),",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "oko",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Korean",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*nirim"
},
"expansion": "*nirim",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pkc",
"2": "二林",
"t": "lord"
},
"expansion": "Baekje 二林 (“lord”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "님〯금〮",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "님〯금〮",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "님〯금〮",
"2": "nǐmkúm",
"3": "monarch"
},
"expansion": "님〯금〮 (Yale: nǐmkúm, “monarch”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "님〯잫",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "님〯잫",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "님〯잫",
"2": "nǐmcàh",
"3": "owner"
},
"expansion": "님〯잫 (Yale: nǐmcàh, “owner”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "君#Etymology 1",
"3": "君",
"tr": "kimi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 君 (kimi)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "señor"
},
"expansion": "Spanish señor",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 님〯 (Yale: nǐm), from Old Korean *nirim, transcribed in the eighth-century Japanese history Nihon Shoki as Baekje 二林 (“lord”) and variants.\nPer the Japanese sources, the original meaning of the word was \"lord; ruler\"; thus Middle Korean 님〯금〮 (Yale: nǐmkúm, “monarch”) and 님〯잫 (Yale: nǐmcàh, “owner”) are almost certainly related. The semantic shift from \"ruler\" to \"beloved\" is also found in Japanese 君 (kimi).\nThe development of a noun for \"lord\" into an honorific marker is also common; see, for instance, Spanish señor. The development of the Internet slang pronoun arises from speakers adding -nim to the usernames of anonymous addressees in polite speech, leading to nim becoming used as a generic second-person pronoun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "—님",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-nim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "—님 • (-nim)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"alt": "氏",
"english": "Mr., Ms.",
"roman": "ssi",
"word": "씨"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean honorific terms",
"Korean terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Manager Mr Hong Gildong",
"roman": "Hong Gildong gwajangnim",
"text": "홍 길동 과장님",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"esteemed; Mr., Ms., Mrs."
],
"links": [
[
"esteemed",
"esteemed"
],
[
"Mr.",
"Mr."
],
[
"Ms.",
"Ms."
],
[
"Mrs.",
"Mrs."
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(honorific, after a title or a person's name) esteemed; Mr., Ms., Mrs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"after a title or a person's name"
],
"tags": [
"honorific",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nim]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[님]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kim Yong-sam",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "님"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean pronouns",
"Korean suffixes",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Middle Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Korean lemmas",
"Middle Korean nouns",
"Middle Korean suffixes",
"Middle Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
"Middle Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
"Middle Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Native Korean words"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "king",
"roman": "naranim",
"word": "나라님"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ws",
"2": "님〯",
"3": "nǐm",
"dot": ","
},
"expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 님〯 (Yale: nǐm),",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "oko",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Korean",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*nirim"
},
"expansion": "*nirim",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pkc",
"2": "二林",
"t": "lord"
},
"expansion": "Baekje 二林 (“lord”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "님〯금〮",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "님〯금〮",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "님〯금〮",
"2": "nǐmkúm",
"3": "monarch"
},
"expansion": "님〯금〮 (Yale: nǐmkúm, “monarch”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "님〯잫",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "님〯잫",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "님〯잫",
"2": "nǐmcàh",
"3": "owner"
},
"expansion": "님〯잫 (Yale: nǐmcàh, “owner”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "君#Etymology 1",
"3": "君",
"tr": "kimi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 君 (kimi)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "señor"
},
"expansion": "Spanish señor",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 님〯 (Yale: nǐm), from Old Korean *nirim, transcribed in the eighth-century Japanese history Nihon Shoki as Baekje 二林 (“lord”) and variants.\nPer the Japanese sources, the original meaning of the word was \"lord; ruler\"; thus Middle Korean 님〯금〮 (Yale: nǐmkúm, “monarch”) and 님〯잫 (Yale: nǐmcàh, “owner”) are almost certainly related. The semantic shift from \"ruler\" to \"beloved\" is also found in Japanese 君 (kimi).\nThe development of a noun for \"lord\" into an honorific marker is also common; see, for instance, Spanish señor. The development of the Internet slang pronoun arises from speakers adding -nim to the usernames of anonymous addressees in polite speech, leading to nim becoming used as a generic second-person pronoun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "님 • (nim)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "beloved",
"roman": "im",
"word": "임"
},
{
"english": "monarch",
"roman": "imgeum",
"word": "임금"
},
{
"english": "owner",
"roman": "imja",
"word": "임자"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"Korean literary terms",
"Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Korean terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "My beloved is gone. Ah, my beloved that I loved is gone.",
"ref": "1926, Han Yong-un, 한용운(韓龍雲), 님의 沈(침)默(묵) (Nim-ui Chimmuk)",
"roman": "Nimeun gatseumnida. Aa, saranghaneun naui nimeun gatseumnida.",
"text": "님은 갓슴니다 아々 사랑하는나의님은 갓슴니다",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beloved (object of speaker's love)"
],
"links": [
[
"beloved",
"beloved"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) beloved (object of speaker's love)"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Korean terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"lord"
],
"links": [
[
"lord",
"lord"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) lord"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nim]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[님]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Han Yong-un",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "님"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean pronouns",
"Korean suffixes",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Middle Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Korean lemmas",
"Middle Korean nouns",
"Middle Korean suffixes",
"Middle Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
"Middle Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
"Middle Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Native Korean words"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ws",
"2": "님〯",
"3": "nǐm",
"dot": ","
},
"expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 님〯 (Yale: nǐm),",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "oko",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Korean",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*nirim"
},
"expansion": "*nirim",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pkc",
"2": "二林",
"t": "lord"
},
"expansion": "Baekje 二林 (“lord”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "님〯금〮",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "님〯금〮",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "님〯금〮",
"2": "nǐmkúm",
"3": "monarch"
},
"expansion": "님〯금〮 (Yale: nǐmkúm, “monarch”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "님〯잫",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "님〯잫",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "님〯잫",
"2": "nǐmcàh",
"3": "owner"
},
"expansion": "님〯잫 (Yale: nǐmcàh, “owner”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "君#Etymology 1",
"3": "君",
"tr": "kimi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 君 (kimi)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "señor"
},
"expansion": "Spanish señor",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 님〯 (Yale: nǐm), from Old Korean *nirim, transcribed in the eighth-century Japanese history Nihon Shoki as Baekje 二林 (“lord”) and variants.\nPer the Japanese sources, the original meaning of the word was \"lord; ruler\"; thus Middle Korean 님〯금〮 (Yale: nǐmkúm, “monarch”) and 님〯잫 (Yale: nǐmcàh, “owner”) are almost certainly related. The semantic shift from \"ruler\" to \"beloved\" is also found in Japanese 君 (kimi).\nThe development of a noun for \"lord\" into an honorific marker is also common; see, for instance, Spanish señor. The development of the Internet slang pronoun arises from speakers adding -nim to the usernames of anonymous addressees in polite speech, leading to nim becoming used as a generic second-person pronoun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "님 • (nim)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean internet slang"
],
"glosses": [
"you (second-person pronoun)"
],
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang) you (second-person pronoun)"
],
"tags": [
"Internet"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nim]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[님]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "님"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.