See 夏 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Kaka",
"ruby": [
[
"華",
"か"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "華夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "geshi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"げ"
],
[
"時",
"し"
]
],
"word": "夏時"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Xia Dynasty",
"roman": "Kachō",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"か"
],
[
"朝",
"ちょう"
]
],
"translation": "Xia Dynasty",
"word": "夏朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "summer fires, winter fans; useless things",
"roman": "karo tōsen",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"か"
],
[
"炉",
"ろ"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
],
[
"扇",
"せん"
]
],
"translation": "summer fires, winter fans; useless things",
"word": "夏炉冬扇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "geshi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"げ"
],
[
"至",
"し"
]
],
"word": "夏至"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "夏臘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "gerō",
"word": "夏﨟"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "last summer",
"roman": "sakka",
"ruby": [
[
"昨",
"さっ"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"translation": "last summer",
"word": "昨夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shunka shūtō",
"ruby": [
[
"春",
"しゅん"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
],
[
"秋",
"しゅう"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "春夏秋冬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "beginning summer",
"roman": "shoka",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"translation": "beginning summer",
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "消夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shōka",
"word": "銷夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "seika",
"ruby": [
[
"盛",
"せい"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "盛夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tōsen karo",
"ruby": [
[
"冬",
"とう"
],
[
"扇",
"せん"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
],
[
"炉",
"ろ"
]
],
"word": "冬扇夏炉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "ending summer",
"roman": "banka",
"ruby": [
[
"晩",
"ばん"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"translation": "ending summer",
"word": "晩夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mōka",
"ruby": [
[
"孟",
"もう"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "孟夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "first day of summer",
"roman": "rikka",
"ruby": [
[
"立",
"りっ"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"translation": "first day of summer",
"word": "立夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "reika",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"れい"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "冷夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "gege",
"ruby": [
[
"解",
"げ"
],
[
"夏",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "解夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "ketsuge",
"ruby": [
[
"結",
"けつ"
],
[
"夏",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "結夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "hange",
"ruby": [
[
"半",
"はん"
],
[
"夏",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "半夏"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Second grade kyōiku kanji",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 2 3 16 7 1 2 3 7 13 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Seasons",
"orig": "ja:Seasons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"summer"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-character-6DZkJVxp",
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Xia dynasty"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-character-M9fZ0zVr",
"links": [
[
"Xia",
"Xia"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 25 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese jōyō kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 26 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 25 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kyōiku kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese second grade kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 17 30 7 3 1 1 5 3 6 0 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"China"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-character-EENoKQMv",
"links": [
[
"China",
"China"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja:"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Summer"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*natu",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *natu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/natu/ → /nat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *natu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "natsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "夏(なつ) • (natsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"proverbs": [
{
"roman": "natsu utau mono wa fuyu naku",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"歌",
"うた"
],
[
"者",
"もの"
],
[
"冬",
"ふゆ"
],
[
"泣",
"な"
]
],
"word": "夏歌う者は冬泣く"
},
{
"roman": "natsu no kosode",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"袖",
"そで"
]
],
"word": "夏の小袖"
},
{
"roman": "natsu mo kosode",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"袖",
"そで"
]
],
"word": "夏も小袖"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "natsuakane",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"ナツ"
],
[
"茜",
"アカネ"
]
],
"word": "夏茜"
},
{
"roman": "Natsui",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"井",
"い"
]
],
"word": "夏井"
},
{
"roman": "natsuinu",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"犬",
"いぬ"
]
],
"word": "夏犬"
},
{
"roman": "natsu uguisu",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"鶯",
"うぐいす"
]
],
"word": "夏鶯"
},
{
"roman": "natsuuri",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"ナツ"
],
[
"瓜",
"ウリ"
]
],
"word": "夏瓜"
},
{
"roman": "natsuobi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"帯",
"おび"
]
],
"word": "夏帯"
},
{
"roman": "natsukusa",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"草",
"くさ"
]
],
"word": "夏草"
},
{
"word": "夏茱萸"
},
{
"roman": "natsugumi",
"word": "夏胡頽子"
},
{
"roman": "Nagoshi no Harae",
"word": "夏越しの祓"
},
{
"roman": "Nagoshi",
"word": "夏越し"
},
{
"roman": "natsuzemi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"蝉",
"ぜみ"
]
],
"word": "夏蝉"
},
{
"roman": "natsudori",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"鳥",
"どり"
]
],
"word": "夏鳥"
},
{
"english": "summertime",
"roman": "natsuba",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"場",
"ば"
]
],
"translation": "summertime",
"word": "夏場"
},
{
"roman": "natsufukashi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"深",
"ふか"
]
],
"word": "夏深し"
},
{
"word": "夏祭"
},
{
"roman": "natsu-matsuri",
"word": "夏祭り"
},
{
"english": "jujube",
"roman": "natsume",
"ruby": [
[
"棗",
"ナツメ"
]
],
"translation": "jujube",
"word": "棗"
},
{
"word": "夏休"
},
{
"english": "summer break",
"roman": "natsuyasumi",
"translation": "summer break",
"word": "夏休み"
},
{
"roman": "natsuyama",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"山",
"やま"
]
],
"word": "夏山"
},
{
"roman": "Natsu no Daisankaku",
"word": "夏の大三角"
},
{
"roman": "Natsu no Daisankakkei",
"word": "夏の大三角形"
},
{
"roman": "tokonatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"word": "常夏"
},
{
"english": "midsummer",
"roman": "manatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"translation": "midsummer",
"word": "真夏"
},
{
"english": "next summer",
"roman": "yokunatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"翌",
"よく"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"translation": "next summer",
"word": "翌夏"
}
],
"glosses": [
"summer (season)"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"word": "真夏"
}
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-noun-HqDf6HYL",
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
],
[
"season",
"season#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "夏季, 夏期"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja:"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Summer"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*natu",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *natu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/natu/ → /nat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *natu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Natsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "夏(なつ) • (Natsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese female given names",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese given names",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Odaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a female given name"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-pLhOhtoi",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "け'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夏",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "夏 (MC haeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ge₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ge₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 夏 (MC haeH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.\nAlso used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ge₁⟩.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"げ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "げ"
},
"expansion": "夏(げ) • (ge)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "ja:Buddhism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 7 10 4 3 10 27 4 8 0 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 4 19 8 1 2 15 8 16 0 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with kan'on",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 6 9 4 2 1 3 4 7 0 63",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Calendar",
"orig": "ja:Calendar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with goon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "夏解"
},
{
"roman": "geaki",
"word": "夏明き"
},
{
"roman": "geango",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"げ"
],
[
"安",
"あん"
],
[
"居",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "夏安居"
}
],
"glosses": [
"summer according to the lunisolar calendar; the ninety days starting from the sixteenth day of the fourth month until the fifteenth day of the seventh month"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-noun-7ev4Kz7i",
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"summer",
"summer"
],
[
"lunisolar calendar",
"lunisolar calendar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) summer according to the lunisolar calendar; the ninety days starting from the sixteenth day of the fourth month until the fifteenth day of the seventh month"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "ango",
"ruby": [
[
"安",
"あん"
],
[
"居",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "安居"
}
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "げ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡe̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja:夏 (三代)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Xia dynasty"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "か"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夏",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "夏 (MC haeX)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 夏 (MC haeX).\nThe kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "か"
},
"expansion": "夏(か) • (Ka)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the Xia dynasty (first dynasty of China)"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-dQw-obTl",
"links": [
[
"Xia",
"Xia"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Daika): Xia, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms",
"word": "大夏"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"short for 大夏 (Daika): Xia, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-e0ue0stk",
"links": [
[
"大夏",
"大夏#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Seika): Western Xia, an empire during the Song dynasty",
"word": "西夏"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 2 6 2 2 15 38 2 5 0 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 7 10 4 3 10 27 4 8 0 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 2 9 3 1 13 33 3 7 0 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 2 10 3 1 13 33 3 8 0 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 2 11 5 1 13 31 5 10 0 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-IPrpprNa",
"links": [
[
"西夏",
"西夏#Japanese"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Song",
"Song"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-v2O7m9sM1",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese female given names",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese given names",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese male given names",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male or female given name"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-GZyZasSG",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese jōyō kanji",
"Japanese kanji",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading げ",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading か",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading なつ",
"Japanese kyōiku kanji",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese second grade kanji",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms read with kan'on",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏 read as か",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Calendar",
"ja:Seasons",
"vi:Chinese dynasties"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Kaka",
"ruby": [
[
"華",
"か"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "華夏"
},
{
"roman": "geshi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"げ"
],
[
"時",
"し"
]
],
"word": "夏時"
},
{
"english": "Xia Dynasty",
"roman": "Kachō",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"か"
],
[
"朝",
"ちょう"
]
],
"translation": "Xia Dynasty",
"word": "夏朝"
},
{
"english": "summer fires, winter fans; useless things",
"roman": "karo tōsen",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"か"
],
[
"炉",
"ろ"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
],
[
"扇",
"せん"
]
],
"translation": "summer fires, winter fans; useless things",
"word": "夏炉冬扇"
},
{
"roman": "geshi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"げ"
],
[
"至",
"し"
]
],
"word": "夏至"
},
{
"word": "夏臘"
},
{
"roman": "gerō",
"word": "夏﨟"
},
{
"english": "last summer",
"roman": "sakka",
"ruby": [
[
"昨",
"さっ"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"translation": "last summer",
"word": "昨夏"
},
{
"roman": "shunka shūtō",
"ruby": [
[
"春",
"しゅん"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
],
[
"秋",
"しゅう"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "春夏秋冬"
},
{
"english": "beginning summer",
"roman": "shoka",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"translation": "beginning summer",
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"word": "消夏"
},
{
"roman": "shōka",
"word": "銷夏"
},
{
"roman": "seika",
"ruby": [
[
"盛",
"せい"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "盛夏"
},
{
"roman": "tōsen karo",
"ruby": [
[
"冬",
"とう"
],
[
"扇",
"せん"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
],
[
"炉",
"ろ"
]
],
"word": "冬扇夏炉"
},
{
"english": "ending summer",
"roman": "banka",
"ruby": [
[
"晩",
"ばん"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"translation": "ending summer",
"word": "晩夏"
},
{
"roman": "mōka",
"ruby": [
[
"孟",
"もう"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "孟夏"
},
{
"english": "first day of summer",
"roman": "rikka",
"ruby": [
[
"立",
"りっ"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"translation": "first day of summer",
"word": "立夏"
},
{
"roman": "reika",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"れい"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "冷夏"
},
{
"roman": "gege",
"ruby": [
[
"解",
"げ"
],
[
"夏",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "解夏"
},
{
"roman": "ketsuge",
"ruby": [
[
"結",
"けつ"
],
[
"夏",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "結夏"
},
{
"roman": "hange",
"ruby": [
[
"半",
"はん"
],
[
"夏",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "半夏"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Second grade kyōiku kanji",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"summer"
],
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Xia dynasty"
],
"links": [
[
"Xia",
"Xia"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"China"
],
"links": [
[
"China",
"China"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms read with kan'on",
"Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏 read as か",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏 read as なつ",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with Odaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with audio pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Calendar",
"ja:Seasons",
"vi:Chinese dynasties"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "natsuakane",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"ナツ"
],
[
"茜",
"アカネ"
]
],
"word": "夏茜"
},
{
"roman": "Natsui",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"井",
"い"
]
],
"word": "夏井"
},
{
"roman": "natsuinu",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"犬",
"いぬ"
]
],
"word": "夏犬"
},
{
"roman": "natsu uguisu",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"鶯",
"うぐいす"
]
],
"word": "夏鶯"
},
{
"roman": "natsuuri",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"ナツ"
],
[
"瓜",
"ウリ"
]
],
"word": "夏瓜"
},
{
"roman": "natsuobi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"帯",
"おび"
]
],
"word": "夏帯"
},
{
"roman": "natsukusa",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"草",
"くさ"
]
],
"word": "夏草"
},
{
"word": "夏茱萸"
},
{
"roman": "natsugumi",
"word": "夏胡頽子"
},
{
"roman": "Nagoshi no Harae",
"word": "夏越しの祓"
},
{
"roman": "Nagoshi",
"word": "夏越し"
},
{
"roman": "natsuzemi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"蝉",
"ぜみ"
]
],
"word": "夏蝉"
},
{
"roman": "natsudori",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"鳥",
"どり"
]
],
"word": "夏鳥"
},
{
"english": "summertime",
"roman": "natsuba",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"場",
"ば"
]
],
"translation": "summertime",
"word": "夏場"
},
{
"roman": "natsufukashi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"深",
"ふか"
]
],
"word": "夏深し"
},
{
"word": "夏祭"
},
{
"roman": "natsu-matsuri",
"word": "夏祭り"
},
{
"english": "jujube",
"roman": "natsume",
"ruby": [
[
"棗",
"ナツメ"
]
],
"translation": "jujube",
"word": "棗"
},
{
"word": "夏休"
},
{
"english": "summer break",
"roman": "natsuyasumi",
"translation": "summer break",
"word": "夏休み"
},
{
"roman": "natsuyama",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"山",
"やま"
]
],
"word": "夏山"
},
{
"roman": "Natsu no Daisankaku",
"word": "夏の大三角"
},
{
"roman": "Natsu no Daisankakkei",
"word": "夏の大三角形"
},
{
"roman": "tokonatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"word": "常夏"
},
{
"english": "midsummer",
"roman": "manatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"translation": "midsummer",
"word": "真夏"
},
{
"english": "next summer",
"roman": "yokunatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"翌",
"よく"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"translation": "next summer",
"word": "翌夏"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja:"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Summer"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*natu",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *natu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/natu/ → /nat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *natu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "natsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "夏(なつ) • (natsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"proverbs": [
{
"roman": "natsu utau mono wa fuyu naku",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"歌",
"うた"
],
[
"者",
"もの"
],
[
"冬",
"ふゆ"
],
[
"泣",
"な"
]
],
"word": "夏歌う者は冬泣く"
},
{
"roman": "natsu no kosode",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"袖",
"そで"
]
],
"word": "夏の小袖"
},
{
"roman": "natsu mo kosode",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"袖",
"そで"
]
],
"word": "夏も小袖"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"summer (season)"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"word": "真夏"
}
],
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
],
[
"season",
"season#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "夏季, 夏期"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms read with kan'on",
"Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏 read as か",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏 read as なつ",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with Odaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with audio pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Calendar",
"ja:Seasons",
"vi:Chinese dynasties"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*natu",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *natu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/natu/ → /nat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *natu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Natsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "夏(なつ) • (Natsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese female given names",
"Japanese given names",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a female given name"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms read with goon",
"Japanese terms read with kan'on",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏 read as か",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏 read as げ",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Calendar",
"ja:Seasons",
"vi:Chinese dynasties"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "夏解"
},
{
"roman": "geaki",
"word": "夏明き"
},
{
"roman": "geango",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"げ"
],
[
"安",
"あん"
],
[
"居",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "夏安居"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "け'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夏",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "夏 (MC haeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ge₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ge₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 夏 (MC haeH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.\nAlso used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ge₁⟩.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"げ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "げ"
},
"expansion": "夏(げ) • (ge)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "ango",
"ruby": [
[
"安",
"あん"
],
[
"居",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "安居"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Buddhism"
],
"glosses": [
"summer according to the lunisolar calendar; the ninety days starting from the sixteenth day of the fourth month until the fifteenth day of the seventh month"
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"summer",
"summer"
],
[
"lunisolar calendar",
"lunisolar calendar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) summer according to the lunisolar calendar; the ninety days starting from the sixteenth day of the fourth month until the fifteenth day of the seventh month"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "げ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡe̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms read with kan'on",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏 read as か",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Calendar",
"ja:Seasons",
"vi:Chinese dynasties"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja:夏 (三代)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Xia dynasty"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "か"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夏",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "夏 (MC haeX)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 夏 (MC haeX).\nThe kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "か"
},
"expansion": "夏(か) • (Ka)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the Xia dynasty (first dynasty of China)"
],
"links": [
[
"Xia",
"Xia"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Daika): Xia, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms",
"word": "大夏"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese short forms",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"short for 大夏 (Daika): Xia, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms"
],
"links": [
[
"大夏",
"大夏#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Seika): Western Xia, an empire during the Song dynasty",
"word": "西夏"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese short forms",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"short for 西夏 (Seika): Western Xia, an empire during the Song dynasty"
],
"links": [
[
"西夏",
"西夏#Japanese"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Song",
"Song"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese female given names",
"Japanese given names",
"Japanese male given names",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a male or female given name"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 夏 meaning in Japanese (15.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.