See 凹む in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Verb derived from noun 凹 / 窪 (kubo, “an indentation, a depression”) + verbalizing suffix ぶ (bu, “becoming like [noun]”), with suffix ぶ (bu) mutating to む (mu) due to the preceding syllable ぼ (bo).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹む",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "凹み",
"roman": "kubomi",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "凹んだ",
"roman": "kubonda",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-mu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "凹ま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kuboma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹み",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼみ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kubome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼまれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "凹ませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "凹もう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼもう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "凹まない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼまない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹まず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼまず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹みます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼみます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "凹んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼんだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kubonda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "凹んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼんで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kubonde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "凹めば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼめば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くぼむ",
"tr": "intransitive",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "凹(くぼ)む • (kubomu) intransitive godan (stem 凹(くぼ)み (kubomi), past 凹(くぼ)んだ (kubonda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 29 4 27 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 11 13 10 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 36 5 14 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 6 23 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 6 24 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 11 15 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 31 6 24 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 30 7 24 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 3 28 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 3 29 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become hollow, cave in, sink in"
],
"id": "en-凹む-ja-verb-8wONKEQu",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cave in",
"cave in"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "窪む"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くぼむ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟bo̞mɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "凹む"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "減り",
"3": "込む",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">減る</i> heru, “to reduce, to become less”",
"sort": "へこむ",
"t1": "lessening, becoming less",
"t2": "to go inwardly",
"tr1": "heri",
"tr2": "komu"
},
"expansion": "減り (heri, “lessening, becoming less”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 減る heru, “to reduce, to become less”) + 込む (komu, “to go inwardly”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/herikomu/ → /hekomu/\nContraction of 減りこむ (herikomu), itself a compound of 減り (heri, “lessening, becoming less”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 減る heru, “to reduce, to become less”) + 込む (komu, “to go inwardly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹む",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"へこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "凹み",
"roman": "hekomi",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"へこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "凹んだ",
"roman": "hekonda",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"へこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-mu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "凹ま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "へこま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hekoma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹み",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "へこみ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "へこむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "へこめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hekome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "へこまれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "凹ませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "へこませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "へこます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "へこめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "凹もう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "へこもう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "凹まない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "へこまない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹まず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "へこまず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹みます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "へこみます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "凹んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "へこんだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hekonda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "凹んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "へこんで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hekonde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "凹めば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "へこめば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "へこむ",
"tr": "intransitive",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "凹(へこ)む • (hekomu) intransitive godan (stem 凹(へこ)み (hekomi), past 凹(へこ)んだ (hekonda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 29 4 27 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 11 13 10 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 36 5 14 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 6 23 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 6 24 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 11 15 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 31 6 24 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 30 7 24 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 3 28 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 3 29 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become hollow, cave in, sink in: see the kubomu reading above"
],
"id": "en-凹む-ja-verb-5vbtmpS9",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cave in",
"cave in"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 22 11 13 10 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 11 15 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to decline below a certain point, to become less"
],
"id": "en-凹む-ja-verb-8sv42E5L",
"links": [
[
"decline",
"decline"
],
[
"less",
"less"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 29 4 27 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 11 13 10 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 36 5 14 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 6 23 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 6 24 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 11 15 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 31 6 24 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 30 7 24 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 3 28 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 3 29 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be stuck to be at a loss: see 困る (komaru)."
],
"id": "en-凹む-ja-verb-SFcgoEzW",
"links": [
[
"stuck",
"stuck"
],
[
"at a loss",
"at a loss"
],
[
"困る",
"困る#Japanese"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 22 11 13 10 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to yield, to submit"
],
"id": "en-凹む-ja-verb-aIy-q~N0",
"links": [
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"submit",
"submit"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 22 11 13 10 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 11 15 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to fail to do it well and get bummed out",
"roman": "umaku dekinakute hekomu",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"へこ"
]
],
"text": "うまくできなくて凹む",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be bummed out"
],
"id": "en-凹む-ja-verb-6B9mx1E5",
"links": [
[
"bummed out",
"bummed out"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) to be bummed out"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "へこむ"
},
{
"ipa": "[he̞ko̞mɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "凹む"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Verb derived from noun 凹 / 窪 (kubo, “an indentation, a depression”) + verbalizing suffix ぶ (bu, “becoming like [noun]”), with suffix ぶ (bu) mutating to む (mu) due to the preceding syllable ぼ (bo).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹む",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "凹み",
"roman": "kubomi",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "凹んだ",
"roman": "kubonda",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-mu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "凹ま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kuboma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹み",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼみ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kubome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼまれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "凹ませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "凹もう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼもう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "凹まない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼまない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹まず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼまず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹みます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼみます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "凹んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼんだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kubonda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "凹んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼんで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kubonde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "凹めば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "くぼめば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くぼむ",
"tr": "intransitive",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "凹(くぼ)む • (kubomu) intransitive godan (stem 凹(くぼ)み (kubomi), past 凹(くぼ)んだ (kubonda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to become hollow, cave in, sink in"
],
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cave in",
"cave in"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くぼむ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟bo̞mɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "窪む"
}
],
"word": "凹む"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "減り",
"3": "込む",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">減る</i> heru, “to reduce, to become less”",
"sort": "へこむ",
"t1": "lessening, becoming less",
"t2": "to go inwardly",
"tr1": "heri",
"tr2": "komu"
},
"expansion": "減り (heri, “lessening, becoming less”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 減る heru, “to reduce, to become less”) + 込む (komu, “to go inwardly”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/herikomu/ → /hekomu/\nContraction of 減りこむ (herikomu), itself a compound of 減り (heri, “lessening, becoming less”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 減る heru, “to reduce, to become less”) + 込む (komu, “to go inwardly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹む",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"へこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "凹み",
"roman": "hekomi",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"へこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "凹んだ",
"roman": "hekonda",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"へこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-mu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "凹ま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "へこま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hekoma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹み",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "へこみ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "へこむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "へこめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hekome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "凹まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "へこまれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "凹ませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "へこませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "へこます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "へこめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "凹もう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "へこもう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "凹まない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "へこまない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹まず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "へこまず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "凹みます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "へこみます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "凹んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "へこんだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hekonda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "凹んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "へこんで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hekonde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "凹めば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "へこめば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "へこむ",
"tr": "intransitive",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "凹(へこ)む • (hekomu) intransitive godan (stem 凹(へこ)み (hekomi), past 凹(へこ)んだ (hekonda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to become hollow, cave in, sink in: see the kubomu reading above"
],
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cave in",
"cave in"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to decline below a certain point, to become less"
],
"links": [
[
"decline",
"decline"
],
[
"less",
"less"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be stuck to be at a loss: see 困る (komaru)."
],
"links": [
[
"stuck",
"stuck"
],
[
"at a loss",
"at a loss"
],
[
"困る",
"困る#Japanese"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to yield, to submit"
],
"links": [
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"submit",
"submit"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese informal terms",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to fail to do it well and get bummed out",
"roman": "umaku dekinakute hekomu",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"へこ"
]
],
"text": "うまくできなくて凹む",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be bummed out"
],
"links": [
[
"bummed out",
"bummed out"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) to be bummed out"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "へこむ"
},
{
"ipa": "[he̞ko̞mɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "凹む"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 凹む meaning in Japanese (12.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"凹む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "凹む",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.