"鯨" meaning in Japanese

See 鯨 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

Forms: “Jōyō” kanji [common]
  1. Tags: kanji, no-gloss Derived forms: 鯨骨 (geikotsu) (ruby: 鯨(げい), 骨(こつ)) (english: whale bone), 鯨肉 (geiniku) (ruby: 鯨(げい), 肉(にく)) (english: whale meat), 鯨油 (geiyu) (ruby: 鯨(げい), 油(ゆ)) (english: whale oil), 白鯨 (hakugei) (ruby: 白(はく), 鯨(げい)) (english: white whale), 捕鯨 (hogei) (ruby: 捕(ほ), 鯨(げい)) (english: whaling)
    Sense id: en-鯨-ja-character-47DEQpj8 Categories (other): Japanese terms with redundant transliterations

Noun

IPA: [kɯ̟ᵝʑiɾa̠] Forms: 鯨 [canonical] (ruby: 鯨(くじら)), 鯨 [canonical] (ruby: 鯨(クジラ)), kujira [romanization], kudira [romanization], くぢら [hiragana, historical]
Etymology: /kudira/ → /kud͡ʑira/ From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the man'yōgana spelling 久治良 (kudira). Hypothesized as ultimately from reconstructed Proto-Japonic *kuntira. Ultimate derivation unclear. Theories include an alteration from 口広 (kuchibiro) in reference to the wide mouth; an alteration from 口開く (kuchibiraku) in reference to the gaping mouth; and an alteration from 黒白 (kuroshiro) in reference to the black-and-white coloration of certain cetaceans. However, the oldest sources clearly spell the term as kudira. * This rules out 口 (kuti → kuchi, “mouth”) as an etymon, as the oldest compounds using this term use the bound form kutu, not kuti, and there is no support for a kutu → kudi shift. * This also rules out 白 (siro, sira → shiro, shira, “white”) as an etymon. Although rendaku (voicing in compounds) would give modern jira as a reading for 白, the ancient reading of sira would voice to something closer to zira, and there is no support for a zira → dira shift. Also compare Korean 고래 (gorae) "whale." Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-}} Old Japanese, {{m|ja||久治良|tr=kudira}} 久治良 (kudira), {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*kuntira}} Proto-Japonic *kuntira, {{l|ja|口}} 口, {{ja-l/helper|口||}} 口, {{ja-l|口}} 口, {{l|ja|広}} 広, {{ja-l/helper|広||}} 広, {{ja-l|広}} 広, {{l|ja|口}} 口, {{ja-l/helper|口||}} 口, {{ja-l|口}} 口, {{l|ja|開く}} 開く, {{ja-l/helper|開く||}} 開く, {{ja-l|開く}} 開く, {{l|ja|黒白}} 黒白, {{ja-l/helper|黒白||}} 黒白, {{ja-l|黒白}} 黒白, {{m|ja|口||mouth|tr=kuti → kuchi}} 口 (kuti → kuchi, “mouth”), {{m|ja|白||white|tr=siro, sira → shiro, shira}} 白 (siro, sira → shiro, shira, “white”), {{m|ja|白}} 白, {{cog|ko|고래}} Korean 고래 (gorae) Head templates: {{ja-noun|くじら|クジラ|hhira=くぢら}} 鯨(くじら) or 鯨(クジラ) • (kujira) ^(←くぢら (kudira)?)
  1. a whale (large sea mammal) Categories (lifeform): Whales Derived forms: ゴジラ (Gojira) (english: Godzilla), 鯨取り (kujiratori) (ruby: 鯨(くじら), 取(と)) (english: whaling)
    Sense id: en-鯨-ja-noun-DkjXTLny Disambiguation of Whales: 0 33 33 33 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 0 100 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 0 33 34 34
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: [isa̠] Forms: 鯨 [canonical] (ruby: 鯨(いさ)), isa [romanization]
Etymology: From Old Japanese. Root isa (“powerful?”) appears to be the same element in verb 勇む (isamu, “to be courageous, to be in high spirits”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=いさ}} Old Japanese, {{m|ja|勇む||to be courageous, to be in high spirits|tr=isamu}} 勇む (isamu, “to be courageous, to be in high spirits”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|いさ}} 鯨(いさ) • (isa)
  1. (archaic) a whale (large sea mammal) Tags: archaic Categories (lifeform): Whales Derived forms: 勇魚: whale (isana) (english: see below)
    Sense id: en-鯨-ja-noun-DkjXTLny1 Disambiguation of Whales: 0 33 33 33 Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 0 33 34 34
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: [isa̠na̠] Forms: 鯨 [canonical] (ruby: 鯨(いさな)), isana [romanization]
Etymology: From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE, often with the spelling 鯨魚 (literally “whale fish”). From cognate isa above, suffixed with 魚 (-na, “fish”). Sometimes spelled as 勇魚. Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=いさな}} Old Japanese, {{m|ja||鯨魚|lit=whale fish}} 鯨魚 (literally “whale fish”), {{m|ja|魚||fish|tr=-na}} 魚 (-na, “fish”), {{l|ja|勇魚}} 勇魚, {{ja-l/helper|勇魚||}} 勇魚, {{ja-l|勇魚}} 勇魚 Head templates: {{ja-noun|いさな}} 鯨(いさな) • (isana)
  1. (archaic) a whale (large sea mammal) Tags: archaic Categories (lifeform): Whales Synonyms: 勇魚 Derived forms: 鯨取り (isana tori), 勇魚取り: whaling (isana tori), an epithet for the sea
    Sense id: en-鯨-ja-noun-DkjXTLny1 Disambiguation of Whales: 0 33 33 33 Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 0 33 34 34
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Download JSON data for 鯨 meaning in Japanese (12.3kB)

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "whale bone",
          "roman": "geikotsu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鯨",
              "げい"
            ],
            [
              "骨",
              "こつ"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "鯨骨"
        },
        {
          "english": "whale meat",
          "roman": "geiniku",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鯨",
              "げい"
            ],
            [
              "肉",
              "にく"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "鯨肉"
        },
        {
          "english": "whale oil",
          "roman": "geiyu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鯨",
              "げい"
            ],
            [
              "油",
              "ゆ"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "鯨油"
        },
        {
          "english": "white whale",
          "roman": "hakugei",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "白",
              "はく"
            ],
            [
              "鯨",
              "げい"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "白鯨"
        },
        {
          "english": "whaling",
          "roman": "hogei",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "捕",
              "ほ"
            ],
            [
              "鯨",
              "げい"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "捕鯨"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-鯨-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
      "tags": [
        "kanji",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "久治良",
        "tr": "kudira"
      },
      "expansion": "久治良 (kudira)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*kuntira"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kuntira",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "口"
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口"
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "広"
      },
      "expansion": "広",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "広",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "広",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "広"
      },
      "expansion": "広",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "口"
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口"
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "開く"
      },
      "expansion": "開く",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "開く",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "開く",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "開く"
      },
      "expansion": "開く",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "黒白"
      },
      "expansion": "黒白",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "黒白",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "黒白",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "黒白"
      },
      "expansion": "黒白",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "口",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mouth",
        "tr": "kuti → kuchi"
      },
      "expansion": "口 (kuti → kuchi, “mouth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "白",
        "3": "",
        "4": "white",
        "tr": "siro, sira → shiro, shira"
      },
      "expansion": "白 (siro, sira → shiro, shira, “white”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "白"
      },
      "expansion": "白",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "고래"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 고래 (gorae)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/kudira/ → /kud͡ʑira/\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the man'yōgana spelling 久治良 (kudira). Hypothesized as ultimately from reconstructed Proto-Japonic *kuntira.\nUltimate derivation unclear. Theories include an alteration from 口広 (kuchibiro) in reference to the wide mouth; an alteration from 口開く (kuchibiraku) in reference to the gaping mouth; and an alteration from 黒白 (kuroshiro) in reference to the black-and-white coloration of certain cetaceans.\nHowever, the oldest sources clearly spell the term as kudira.\n* This rules out 口 (kuti → kuchi, “mouth”) as an etymon, as the oldest compounds using this term use the bound form kutu, not kuti, and there is no support for a kutu → kudi shift.\n* This also rules out 白 (siro, sira → shiro, shira, “white”) as an etymon. Although rendaku (voicing in compounds) would give modern jira as a reading for 白, the ancient reading of sira would voice to something closer to zira, and there is no support for a zira → dira shift.\nAlso compare Korean 고래 (gorae) \"whale.\"",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "くじら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "クジラ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kujira",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudira",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぢら",
      "roman": "kudira",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "くじら",
        "2": "クジラ",
        "hhira": "くぢら"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨(くじら) or 鯨(クジラ) • (kujira) ^(←くぢら (kudira)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 34 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Whales",
          "orig": "ja:Whales",
          "parents": [
            "Cetaceans",
            "Even-toed ungulates",
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "Godzilla",
          "roman": "Gojira",
          "word": "ゴジラ"
        },
        {
          "english": "whaling",
          "roman": "kujiratori",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鯨",
              "くじら"
            ],
            [
              "取",
              "と"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "鯨取り"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "id": "en-鯨-ja-noun-DkjXTLny",
      "links": [
        [
          "whale",
          "whale"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "くじら"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɯ̟ᵝʑiɾa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kojiki",
    "man'yōgana",
    "Ōtsuki Fumihiko"
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "いさ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "勇む",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be courageous, to be in high spirits",
        "tr": "isamu"
      },
      "expansion": "勇む (isamu, “to be courageous, to be in high spirits”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Root isa (“powerful?”) appears to be the same element in verb 勇む (isamu, “to be courageous, to be in high spirits”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "いさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "isa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "いさ"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨(いさ) • (isa)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 34 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Whales",
          "orig": "ja:Whales",
          "parents": [
            "Cetaceans",
            "Even-toed ungulates",
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "see below",
          "roman": "isana",
          "word": "勇魚: whale"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "id": "en-鯨-ja-noun-DkjXTLny1",
      "links": [
        [
          "whale",
          "whale"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[isa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "いさな"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "鯨魚",
        "lit": "whale fish"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨魚 (literally “whale fish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "魚",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fish",
        "tr": "-na"
      },
      "expansion": "魚 (-na, “fish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "勇魚"
      },
      "expansion": "勇魚",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "勇魚",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "勇魚",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "勇魚"
      },
      "expansion": "勇魚",
      "name": "ja-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE, often with the spelling 鯨魚 (literally “whale fish”).\nFrom cognate isa above, suffixed with 魚 (-na, “fish”). Sometimes spelled as 勇魚.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "いさな"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "isana",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "いさな"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨(いさな) • (isana)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 34 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Whales",
          "orig": "ja:Whales",
          "parents": [
            "Cetaceans",
            "Even-toed ungulates",
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "isana tori",
          "word": "鯨取り"
        },
        {
          "roman": "isana tori",
          "word": "勇魚取り: whaling"
        },
        {
          "word": "an epithet for the sea"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "; text here\n玉桙之 道尓出立 葦引乃 野行山行 潦 川徃渉 鯨名取 海路丹出而...\n玉桙の 道に出で立ち あしひきの 野行き山行き にはたづみ 川行き渡り 鯨魚取り 海道に出でて...\nたまほこの みちにいでたち あしひきの のゆきやまゆき にはたづみ かはゆきわたり いさなとり うみぢにいでて...\nTamahoko no / michi ni idetachi / ashi hiki no / no yuki yama yuki / niwatazumi / kawa yuki watari / isana tori umiji ni idete...\nHeading out on the jeweled-spear road, going through the alluring fields and mountains, crossing the puddles and rivers, taking to the whaling sea road ..."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "id": "en-鯨-ja-noun-DkjXTLny1",
      "links": [
        [
          "whale",
          "whale"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "勇魚"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[isa̠na̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Man'yōshū",
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Common kanji",
    "Japanese Han characters",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese kanji with goon reading ぎょう",
    "Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ぎやう",
    "Japanese kanji with historical kun reading おくぢら",
    "Japanese kanji with historical kun reading くぢら",
    "Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けい",
    "Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading げい",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading いさ",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading いさな",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading おくじら",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading くじら",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "ja:Whales"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "whale bone",
      "roman": "geikotsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "げい"
        ],
        [
          "骨",
          "こつ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "鯨骨"
    },
    {
      "english": "whale meat",
      "roman": "geiniku",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "げい"
        ],
        [
          "肉",
          "にく"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "鯨肉"
    },
    {
      "english": "whale oil",
      "roman": "geiyu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "げい"
        ],
        [
          "油",
          "ゆ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "鯨油"
    },
    {
      "english": "white whale",
      "roman": "hakugei",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "白",
          "はく"
        ],
        [
          "鯨",
          "げい"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "白鯨"
    },
    {
      "english": "whaling",
      "roman": "hogei",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "捕",
          "ほ"
        ],
        [
          "鯨",
          "げい"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "捕鯨"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "kanji",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms historically spelled with ぢ",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "ja:Whales"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "Godzilla",
      "roman": "Gojira",
      "word": "ゴジラ"
    },
    {
      "english": "whaling",
      "roman": "kujiratori",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "くじら"
        ],
        [
          "取",
          "と"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "鯨取り"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "久治良",
        "tr": "kudira"
      },
      "expansion": "久治良 (kudira)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*kuntira"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kuntira",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "口"
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口"
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "広"
      },
      "expansion": "広",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "広",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "広",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "広"
      },
      "expansion": "広",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "口"
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口"
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "開く"
      },
      "expansion": "開く",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "開く",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "開く",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "開く"
      },
      "expansion": "開く",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "黒白"
      },
      "expansion": "黒白",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "黒白",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "黒白",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "黒白"
      },
      "expansion": "黒白",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "口",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mouth",
        "tr": "kuti → kuchi"
      },
      "expansion": "口 (kuti → kuchi, “mouth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "白",
        "3": "",
        "4": "white",
        "tr": "siro, sira → shiro, shira"
      },
      "expansion": "白 (siro, sira → shiro, shira, “white”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "白"
      },
      "expansion": "白",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "고래"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 고래 (gorae)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/kudira/ → /kud͡ʑira/\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the man'yōgana spelling 久治良 (kudira). Hypothesized as ultimately from reconstructed Proto-Japonic *kuntira.\nUltimate derivation unclear. Theories include an alteration from 口広 (kuchibiro) in reference to the wide mouth; an alteration from 口開く (kuchibiraku) in reference to the gaping mouth; and an alteration from 黒白 (kuroshiro) in reference to the black-and-white coloration of certain cetaceans.\nHowever, the oldest sources clearly spell the term as kudira.\n* This rules out 口 (kuti → kuchi, “mouth”) as an etymon, as the oldest compounds using this term use the bound form kutu, not kuti, and there is no support for a kutu → kudi shift.\n* This also rules out 白 (siro, sira → shiro, shira, “white”) as an etymon. Although rendaku (voicing in compounds) would give modern jira as a reading for 白, the ancient reading of sira would voice to something closer to zira, and there is no support for a zira → dira shift.\nAlso compare Korean 고래 (gorae) \"whale.\"",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "くじら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "クジラ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kujira",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudira",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぢら",
      "roman": "kudira",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "くじら",
        "2": "クジラ",
        "hhira": "くぢら"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨(くじら) or 鯨(クジラ) • (kujira) ^(←くぢら (kudira)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "whale",
          "whale"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "くじら"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɯ̟ᵝʑiɾa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kojiki",
    "man'yōgana",
    "Ōtsuki Fumihiko"
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "ja:Whales"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "see below",
      "roman": "isana",
      "word": "勇魚: whale"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "いさ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "勇む",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be courageous, to be in high spirits",
        "tr": "isamu"
      },
      "expansion": "勇む (isamu, “to be courageous, to be in high spirits”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Root isa (“powerful?”) appears to be the same element in verb 勇む (isamu, “to be courageous, to be in high spirits”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "いさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "isa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "いさ"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨(いさ) • (isa)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with archaic senses",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "whale",
          "whale"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[isa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "ja:Whales"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "isana tori",
      "word": "鯨取り"
    },
    {
      "roman": "isana tori",
      "word": "勇魚取り: whaling"
    },
    {
      "word": "an epithet for the sea"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "いさな"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "鯨魚",
        "lit": "whale fish"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨魚 (literally “whale fish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "魚",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fish",
        "tr": "-na"
      },
      "expansion": "魚 (-na, “fish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "勇魚"
      },
      "expansion": "勇魚",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "勇魚",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "勇魚",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "勇魚"
      },
      "expansion": "勇魚",
      "name": "ja-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE, often with the spelling 鯨魚 (literally “whale fish”).\nFrom cognate isa above, suffixed with 魚 (-na, “fish”). Sometimes spelled as 勇魚.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "いさな"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "isana",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "いさな"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨(いさな) • (isana)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with archaic senses",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "; text here\n玉桙之 道尓出立 葦引乃 野行山行 潦 川徃渉 鯨名取 海路丹出而...\n玉桙の 道に出で立ち あしひきの 野行き山行き にはたづみ 川行き渡り 鯨魚取り 海道に出でて...\nたまほこの みちにいでたち あしひきの のゆきやまゆき にはたづみ かはゆきわたり いさなとり うみぢにいでて...\nTamahoko no / michi ni idetachi / ashi hiki no / no yuki yama yuki / niwatazumi / kawa yuki watari / isana tori umiji ni idete...\nHeading out on the jeweled-spear road, going through the alluring fields and mountains, crossing the puddles and rivers, taking to the whaling sea road ..."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "whale",
          "whale"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[isa̠na̠]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "勇魚"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Man'yōshū",
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "鯨"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "鯨",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "鯨"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "鯨",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "core/1021",
  "msg": "too many args (3) in argument reference: ('1', '', '')",
  "path": [
    "鯨",
    "RQ:Wamyō Ruijushō"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "鯨",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "core/1021",
  "msg": "too many args (3) in argument reference: ('2', '', '')",
  "path": [
    "鯨",
    "RQ:Wamyō Ruijushō"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "鯨",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "鯨"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "鯨",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "鯨"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "鯨",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.