See 頑張る in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"etymology_text": "Derivation uncertain. The two leading theories are:\n* Sense shift from 眼張る (ganbaru, “to keep watch on something, to stare at something”, literally “keep one's eye on something”)\n* Shift in pronunciation from 我に張る (ga ni haru, literally “to stick to one's desires, to insist on one's point of view”)\nThe sense was originally to be stubborn, to be obstinate, with negative overtones. The modern positive sense of to persist, to endure has arisen since the end of the Edo period in 1868.\nThe spelling is ateji (当て字), using the 頑 (gan) character to express a sense of stubborn. The historical kana reading ぐわんばる (gwanbaru) comes from the use of this 頑 character, and is not related to either of the expected derivations above.\nSome sources use both 頑張る and 眼張る as spellings for the persist, endure sense. Other sources split these out as entirely separate entries.",
"forms": [
{
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"頑",
"がん"
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[
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"ば"
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],
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},
{
"form": "ganbaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gwanbaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張り",
"roman": "ganbari",
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"頑",
"がん"
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[
"張",
"ば"
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"roman": "ganbatta",
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[
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"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
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},
{
"form": "がんばり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
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},
{
"form": "ganbari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張らせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張らす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張れる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張ろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張らない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張ります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"hhira": "ぐわんばる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "頑(がん)張(ば)る • (ganbaru) ^(←ぐわんばる (gwanbaru)?)intransitive godan (stem 頑(がん)張(ば)り (ganbari), past 頑(がん)張(ば)った (ganbatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
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"parents": [],
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"english": "Even though I'm trying so hard, I'm not losing weight!?",
"roman": "ganbatte mo yasenai⁉",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
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[
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"ば"
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[
"痩",
"や"
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"text": "頑張っても痩せない⁉",
"type": "example"
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],
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],
"id": "en-頑張る-ja-verb-yoEtyI8U",
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[
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{
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{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "47 53",
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"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
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"english": "Do your best → Good luck!",
"roman": "Ganbatte kudasai.",
"ruby": [
[
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"がん"
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[
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],
"text": "頑張ってください。",
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"english": "It must be difficult for you but please keep up the fight.",
"roman": "Taihen deshō ga, ganbatte kudasai.",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"たい"
],
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"頑",
"がん"
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[
"張",
"ば"
]
],
"text": "大変でしょうが、頑張ってください。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to strive unrelentingly in the face of difficulty, to persevere"
],
"id": "en-頑張る-ja-verb-fYpmcvuz",
"links": [
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"strive"
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[
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"persevere"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "がんばる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡã̠mba̠ɾɯ̟]"
},
{
"other": "[gáńbárú]",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"Edo period",
"Kyōsuke Kindaichi",
"Kōjien",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Shinmura Izuru",
"ja:松村明"
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"word": "頑張る"
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{
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"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
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"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms historically spelled with わ",
"Japanese terms spelled with ateji",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
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],
"etymology_text": "Derivation uncertain. The two leading theories are:\n* Sense shift from 眼張る (ganbaru, “to keep watch on something, to stare at something”, literally “keep one's eye on something”)\n* Shift in pronunciation from 我に張る (ga ni haru, literally “to stick to one's desires, to insist on one's point of view”)\nThe sense was originally to be stubborn, to be obstinate, with negative overtones. The modern positive sense of to persist, to endure has arisen since the end of the Edo period in 1868.\nThe spelling is ateji (当て字), using the 頑 (gan) character to express a sense of stubborn. The historical kana reading ぐわんばる (gwanbaru) comes from the use of this 頑 character, and is not related to either of the expected derivations above.\nSome sources use both 頑張る and 眼張る as spellings for the persist, endure sense. Other sources split these out as entirely separate entries.",
"forms": [
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"form": "頑張る",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
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[
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"ば"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "ganbaru",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "gwanbaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張り",
"roman": "ganbari",
"ruby": [
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"がん"
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[
"張",
"ば"
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"tags": [
"stem"
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},
{
"form": "頑張った",
"roman": "ganbatta",
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[
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"がん"
],
[
"張",
"ば"
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],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張らせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張らす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張れる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張ろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張らない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張ります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "頑張れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "がんばれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ganbareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "がんばる",
"hhira": "ぐわんばる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "頑(がん)張(ば)る • (ganbaru) ^(←ぐわんばる (gwanbaru)?)intransitive godan (stem 頑(がん)張(ば)り (ganbari), past 頑(がん)張(ば)った (ganbatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
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],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
8
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],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
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4
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],
"english": "Even though I'm trying so hard, I'm not losing weight!?",
"roman": "ganbatte mo yasenai⁉",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"張",
"ば"
],
[
"痩",
"や"
]
],
"text": "頑張っても痩せない⁉",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to work hard and do one's best to achieve a goal"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"do",
"do"
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]
},
{
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"english": "Do your best → Good luck!",
"roman": "Ganbatte kudasai.",
"ruby": [
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"張",
"ば"
]
],
"text": "頑張ってください。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
40,
57
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
17,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "It must be difficult for you but please keep up the fight.",
"roman": "Taihen deshō ga, ganbatte kudasai.",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"たい"
],
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"頑",
"がん"
],
[
"張",
"ば"
]
],
"text": "大変でしょうが、頑張ってください。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to strive unrelentingly in the face of difficulty, to persevere"
],
"links": [
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"persevere",
"persevere"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "がんばる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡã̠mba̠ɾɯ̟]"
},
{
"other": "[gáńbárú]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"Edo period",
"Kyōsuke Kindaichi",
"Kōjien",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Shinmura Izuru",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "頑張る"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 頑張る meaning in Japanese (7.8kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"頑張る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "頑張る",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"頑張る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "頑張る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"頑張る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "頑張る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"頑張る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "頑張る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"頑張る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "頑張る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"頑張る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "頑張る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"頑張る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "頑張る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"頑張る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "頑張る",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.