"課する" meaning in Japanese

See 課する in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Head templates: {{ja-verb|かする|tr=trans|type=suru}} 課(か)する • (kasuru) transitive suru (stem 課(か)し (kashi), past 課(か)した (kashita)) Forms: 課する [canonical] (ruby: ()), kasuru [romanization], 課し [stem] (ruby: ()), 課した [past] (ruby: ()), no-table-tags [table-tags], 課さ [error-unrecognized-form], 課し [error-unrecognized-form], かさ [error-unrecognized-form], かし [error-unrecognized-form], kasa [error-unrecognized-form], kashi [error-unrecognized-form], 課する [error-unrecognized-form], かする [error-unrecognized-form], kasuru [error-unrecognized-form], 課すれ [error-unrecognized-form], かすれ [error-unrecognized-form], kasure [error-unrecognized-form], 課せ [error-unrecognized-form], 課しろ [error-unrecognized-form], 課せよ [error-unrecognized-form], かせ [error-unrecognized-form], かしろ [error-unrecognized-form], かせよ [error-unrecognized-form], kase [error-unrecognized-form], kashiro [error-unrecognized-form], kaseyo [error-unrecognized-form], 課される [passive], かされる [passive], kasareru [passive], 課させる [causative], 課さす [causative], かさせる [causative], かさす [causative], kasaseru [causative], kasasu [causative], 課せる [potential], かせる [potential], kaseru [potential], 課そう [volitional], 課しよう [volitional], かそう [volitional], かしよう [volitional], kasō [volitional], kashiyō [volitional], 課さない [negative], 課しない [negative], かさない [negative], かしない [negative], kasanai [negative], kashinai [negative], 課さず [continuative, negative], かさず [continuative, negative], kasazu [continuative, negative], 課します [formal], かします [formal], kashimasu [formal], 課した [perfective], かした [perfective], kashita [perfective], 課して [conjunctive], かして [conjunctive], kashite [conjunctive], 課すれば [conditional, hypothetical], 課せば [conditional, hypothetical], かすれば [conditional, hypothetical], かせば [conditional, hypothetical], kasureba [conditional, hypothetical], kaseba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. impose Synonyms: 課す (kasu) (ruby: ()) Related terms: 科する (kasuru) (ruby: ())

Download JSON data for 課する meaning in Japanese (6.7kB)

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "課する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "課",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasuru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課し",
      "roman": "kashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "課",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課した",
      "roman": "kashita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "課",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru-i-ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課さ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かさ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課せ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かせ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課せる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課そう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かそう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課さない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かさない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課さず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かさず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課せば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かせば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaseba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かする",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "suru"
      },
      "expansion": "課(か)する • (kasuru) transitive suru (stem 課(か)し (kashi), past 課(か)した (kashita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to impose a tax",
          "roman": "zei o kasuru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "税",
              "ぜい"
            ],
            [
              "課",
              "か"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "税を課する"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "impose"
      ],
      "id": "en-課する-ja-verb-BzS~k-0G",
      "links": [
        [
          "impose",
          "impose"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "kasuru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "科",
              "か"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "科する"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "kasu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "課",
              "か"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "課す"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "課する"
}
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "課する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "課",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasuru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課し",
      "roman": "kashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "課",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課した",
      "roman": "kashita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "課",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru-i-ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課さ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かさ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasuru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課せ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かせ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kase",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課せる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課そう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かそう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課さない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かさない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課さず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かさず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kashite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "課せば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かせば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kasureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaseba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かする",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "suru"
      },
      "expansion": "課(か)する • (kasuru) transitive suru (stem 課(か)し (kashi), past 課(か)した (kashita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "kasuru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "科",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "科する"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with manual fragments",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese suru verbs",
        "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples",
        "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
        "Japanese transitive verbs",
        "Japanese verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to impose a tax",
          "roman": "zei o kasuru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "税",
              "ぜい"
            ],
            [
              "課",
              "か"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "税を課する"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "impose"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "impose",
          "impose"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "kasu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "課",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "課す"
    }
  ],
  "word": "課する"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "課する"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "課する",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "課する"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "課する",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "課する"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "課する",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "課する"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "課する",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "課する"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "課する",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "課する"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "課する",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "課する"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "課する",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (8203a16 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.