終える in Japanese

IPA: [o̞e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: /wopu/ → (attributive) /wopuru/ → /wofuru/ → (grammatical shift) /woferu/ → /oheru/ → /oeru/ From Old Japanese verb wopu, from Proto-Japonic *wopu. Development Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. The root verb was ambitransitive, with both transitive and intransitive senses conjugated using the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern. Over time, the two senses differentiated as the intransitive evolved into modern 終わる (owaru, also derivable as the spontaneous or passive -aru ending from a putative but unrecorded 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō), the full quadrigrade conjugation pattern), while the transitive evolved into modern 終える (oeru, with the 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) pattern, also known as "type 2", and the expected historical development for shimo nidan verbs). Probably not related to superficially similar 追う (ou , ancient opu, “to follow”, quadrigrade conjugation in older Japanese), considering the distinct lack of initial /w/ in ancient spellings. Etymology templates: {{IPAfont|/wopu/}} /wopu/, {{IPAfont|/wopuru/}} /wopuru/, {{IPAfont|/wofuru/}} /wofuru/, {{IPAfont|/woferu/}} /woferu/, {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=おえる}} Old Japanese, {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*wopu|sort=おえる}} Proto-Japonic *wopu, {{m|ja|下二段活用||lower bigrade conjugation|tr=shimo nidan katsuyō}} 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”), {{m|ja|下一段活用||lower monograde conjugation|tr=shimo ichidan katsuyō}} 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”), {{m|ja|下二段活用||lower bigrade conjugation|tr=shimo nidan katsuyō}} 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”), {{m|ja|四段活用|tr=yodan katsuyō}} 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō), {{m|ja|終わる|pos=also derivable as the spontaneous or passive -aru ending from a putative but unrecorded <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">四段活用</i> (yodan katsuyō), the full quadrigrade conjugation pattern|tr=owaru}} 終わる (owaru, also derivable as the spontaneous or passive -aru ending from a putative but unrecorded 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō), the full quadrigrade conjugation pattern), {{m|ja|下一段活用||lower monograde conjugation|tr=shimo ichidan katsuyō}} 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”), {{m|ja|終える|pos=with the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">下一段活用</i> (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) pattern, also known as "type 2", and the expected historical development for shimo nidan verbs|tr=oeru}} 終える (oeru, with the 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) pattern, also known as "type 2", and the expected historical development for shimo nidan verbs), {{upright|ancient}} ancient, {{m|ja|追う||to follow|pos=quadrigrade conjugation in older Japanese|tr=ou , ancient opu}} 追う (ou , ancient opu, “to follow”, quadrigrade conjugation in older Japanese) Head templates: {{ja-verb|おえる|hhira=をへる|tr=trans|type=2}} 終(お)える • (oeru) ^(←をへる (woferu)?)transitive ichidan (stem 終(お)え (oe), past 終(お)えた (oeta)) Forms: 終える [canonical] (ruby: 終(お)), oeru [romanization], woferu [romanization], 終え [stem] (ruby: 終(お)), 終えた [past] (ruby: 終(お)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 終え [error-unrecognized-form], おえ [error-unrecognized-form], oe [error-unrecognized-form], 終える [error-unrecognized-form], おえる [error-unrecognized-form], oeru [error-unrecognized-form], 終えれ [error-unrecognized-form], おえれ [error-unrecognized-form], oere [error-unrecognized-form], 終えよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 終えろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], おえよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], おえろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], oeyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], oero [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 終えられる [passive], おえられる [passive], oerareru [passive], 終えさせる [causative], 終えさす [causative], おえさせる [causative], おえさす [causative], oesaseru [causative], oesasu [causative], 終えられる [potential], 終えれる [colloquial, potential], おえられる [potential], おえれる [colloquial, potential], oerareru [potential], oereru [colloquial, potential], 終えよう [volitional], おえよう [volitional], oeyō [volitional], 終えない [negative], 終えぬ [negative], 終えん [negative], おえない [negative], おえぬ [negative], おえん [negative], oenai [negative], oenu [negative], oen [negative], 終えず [continuative, negative], おえず [continuative, negative], oezu [continuative, negative], 終えます [formal], おえます [formal], oemasu [formal], 終えた [perfective], おえた [perfective], oeta [perfective], 終えて [conjunctive], おえて [conjunctive], oete [conjunctive], 終えれば [conditional, hypothetical], おえれば [conditional, hypothetical], oereba [conditional, hypothetical]

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{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "hajimeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "始",
          "はじ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "始める"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/wopu/"
      },
      "expansion": "/wopu/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/wopuru/"
      },
      "expansion": "/wopuru/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/wofuru/"
      },
      "expansion": "/wofuru/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/woferu/"
      },
      "expansion": "/woferu/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "おえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*wopu",
        "sort": "おえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *wopu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下二段活用",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower bigrade conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo nidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下一段活用",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower monograde conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo ichidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下二段活用",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower bigrade conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo nidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "四段活用",
        "tr": "yodan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "四段活用 (yodan katsuyō)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "終わる",
        "pos": "also derivable as the spontaneous or passive -aru ending from a putative but unrecorded <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">四段活用</i> (yodan katsuyō), the full quadrigrade conjugation pattern",
        "tr": "owaru"
      },
      "expansion": "終わる (owaru, also derivable as the spontaneous or passive -aru ending from a putative but unrecorded 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō), the full quadrigrade conjugation pattern)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下一段活用",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower monograde conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo ichidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "終える",
        "pos": "with the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">下一段活用</i> (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) pattern, also known as \"type 2\", and the expected historical development for shimo nidan verbs",
        "tr": "oeru"
      },
      "expansion": "終える (oeru, with the 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) pattern, also known as \"type 2\", and the expected historical development for shimo nidan verbs)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ancient"
      },
      "expansion": "ancient",
      "name": "upright"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "追う",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to follow",
        "pos": "quadrigrade conjugation in older Japanese",
        "tr": "ou , ancient opu"
      },
      "expansion": "追う (ou , ancient opu, “to follow”, quadrigrade conjugation in older Japanese)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/wopu/ → (attributive) /wopuru/ → /wofuru/ → (grammatical shift) /woferu/ → /oheru/ → /oeru/\nFrom Old Japanese verb wopu, from Proto-Japonic *wopu.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.\nThe root verb was ambitransitive, with both transitive and intransitive senses conjugated using the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern. Over time, the two senses differentiated as the intransitive evolved into modern 終わる (owaru, also derivable as the spontaneous or passive -aru ending from a putative but unrecorded 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō), the full quadrigrade conjugation pattern), while the transitive evolved into modern 終える (oeru, with the 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) pattern, also known as \"type 2\", and the expected historical development for shimo nidan verbs).\nProbably not related to superficially similar 追う (ou , ancient opu, “to follow”, quadrigrade conjugation in older Japanese), considering the distinct lack of initial /w/ in ancient spellings.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "終える",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "終",
          "お"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oeru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "woferu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終え",
      "roman": "oe",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "終",
          "お"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えた",
      "roman": "oeta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "終",
          "お"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終え",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終える",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oeyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "おえる",
        "hhira": "をへる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "終(お)える • (oeru) ^(←をへる (woferu)?)transitive ichidan (stem 終(お)え (oe), past 終(お)えた (oeta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "oe",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "終",
              "お"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "終え"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to end (something), to conclude (something), to finish (something), to quit (something)"
      ],
      "id": "en-終える-ja-verb-G5yZJi-R",
      "links": [
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "conclude",
          "conclude"
        ],
        [
          "finish",
          "finish"
        ],
        [
          "quit",
          "quit"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "owaru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "終",
              "お"
            ]
          ],
          "tags": [
            "intransitive"
          ],
          "word": "終わる"
        },
        {
          "english": "ending",
          "roman": "owari",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "終",
              "お"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "終わり"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "shimau",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "終",
              "しま"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "終う"
        },
        {
          "roman": "musubu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "結",
              "むす"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "結ぶ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shimekukuru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "締",
              "し"
            ],
            [
              "括",
              "くく"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "締め括る"
        },
        {
          "roman": "keri o tsukeru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "付",
              "つ"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "けりを付ける"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Daijisen",
        "Shogakukan",
        "Tōkyō",
        "ja:大辞林",
        "ja:大辞泉",
        "ja:松村明"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "おえる"
    },
    {
      "other": "おえる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[o̞e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "終える"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "hajimeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "始",
          "はじ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "始める"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "oe",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "終",
          "お"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "終え"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/wopu/"
      },
      "expansion": "/wopu/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/wopuru/"
      },
      "expansion": "/wopuru/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/wofuru/"
      },
      "expansion": "/wofuru/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/woferu/"
      },
      "expansion": "/woferu/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "おえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*wopu",
        "sort": "おえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *wopu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下二段活用",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower bigrade conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo nidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下一段活用",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower monograde conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo ichidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下二段活用",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower bigrade conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo nidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "四段活用",
        "tr": "yodan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "四段活用 (yodan katsuyō)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "終わる",
        "pos": "also derivable as the spontaneous or passive -aru ending from a putative but unrecorded <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">四段活用</i> (yodan katsuyō), the full quadrigrade conjugation pattern",
        "tr": "owaru"
      },
      "expansion": "終わる (owaru, also derivable as the spontaneous or passive -aru ending from a putative but unrecorded 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō), the full quadrigrade conjugation pattern)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "下一段活用",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lower monograde conjugation",
        "tr": "shimo ichidan katsuyō"
      },
      "expansion": "下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "終える",
        "pos": "with the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">下一段活用</i> (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) pattern, also known as \"type 2\", and the expected historical development for shimo nidan verbs",
        "tr": "oeru"
      },
      "expansion": "終える (oeru, with the 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) pattern, also known as \"type 2\", and the expected historical development for shimo nidan verbs)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ancient"
      },
      "expansion": "ancient",
      "name": "upright"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "追う",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to follow",
        "pos": "quadrigrade conjugation in older Japanese",
        "tr": "ou , ancient opu"
      },
      "expansion": "追う (ou , ancient opu, “to follow”, quadrigrade conjugation in older Japanese)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/wopu/ → (attributive) /wopuru/ → /wofuru/ → (grammatical shift) /woferu/ → /oheru/ → /oeru/\nFrom Old Japanese verb wopu, from Proto-Japonic *wopu.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.\nThe root verb was ambitransitive, with both transitive and intransitive senses conjugated using the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern. Over time, the two senses differentiated as the intransitive evolved into modern 終わる (owaru, also derivable as the spontaneous or passive -aru ending from a putative but unrecorded 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō), the full quadrigrade conjugation pattern), while the transitive evolved into modern 終える (oeru, with the 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) pattern, also known as \"type 2\", and the expected historical development for shimo nidan verbs).\nProbably not related to superficially similar 追う (ou , ancient opu, “to follow”, quadrigrade conjugation in older Japanese), considering the distinct lack of initial /w/ in ancient spellings.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "終える",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "終",
          "お"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oeru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "woferu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終え",
      "roman": "oe",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "終",
          "お"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えた",
      "roman": "oeta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "終",
          "お"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終え",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終える",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oeyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "終えれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おえれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "おえる",
        "hhira": "をへる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "終(お)える • (oeru) ^(←をへる (woferu)?)transitive ichidan (stem 終(お)え (oe), past 終(お)えた (oeta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "owaru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "終",
          "お"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "word": "終わる"
    },
    {
      "english": "ending",
      "roman": "owari",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "終",
          "お"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "終わり"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with manual fragments",
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
        "Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
        "Japanese terms historically spelled with を",
        "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
        "Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
        "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
        "Japanese transitive verbs",
        "Japanese type 2 verbs",
        "Japanese verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to end (something), to conclude (something), to finish (something), to quit (something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "conclude",
          "conclude"
        ],
        [
          "finish",
          "finish"
        ],
        [
          "quit",
          "quit"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Daijisen",
        "Shogakukan",
        "Tōkyō",
        "ja:大辞林",
        "ja:大辞泉",
        "ja:松村明"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "おえる"
    },
    {
      "other": "おえる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[o̞e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "shimau",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "終",
          "しま"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "終う"
    },
    {
      "roman": "musubu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "結",
          "むす"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "結ぶ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shimekukuru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "締",
          "し"
        ],
        [
          "括",
          "くく"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "締め括る"
    },
    {
      "roman": "keri o tsukeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "付",
          "つ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "けりを付ける"
    }
  ],
  "word": "終える"
}

"終える" meaning in Japanese

Verb