See 空しい in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*muna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *muna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "し.い"
},
"expansion": "しい (shii)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Appears in the earliest texts of the 700s CE, including the Nihon Shoki and the Man'yōshū. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *muna.\nAnalyzable as むな (muna, “cavity, void, open space”, combining form, spelled variously as 空, 虚, 胸, 棟; cognate with standalone nouns 胸 (mune, “chest”), 棟 (mune, “roof ridge”)) + adjective-forming suffix しい (shii).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "空しい",
"ruby": [
[
"空",
"むな"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "munashii",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "空しく",
"roman": "munashiku",
"ruby": [
[
"空",
"むな"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "空しかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "空しく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "munashiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "空しい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "munashii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "空しい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "munashii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "空しけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "空しかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "空しくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "munashiku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "空しかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "空しくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "munashiku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "空しいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "munashii desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "空しくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "munashiku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "空しかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "空しくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "munashiku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "空しくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "空しければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "空しかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "空しかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "空しく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "munashiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "空しさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "munashisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むなしい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "空(むな)しい • (munashii) -i (adverbial 空(むな)しく (munashiku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "むなし",
"lemma": "空し",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 25 8 2 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 20 7 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 23 9 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 22 9 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 17 29 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 25 9 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 8 14 0 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 10 13 0 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"empty, hollow, void"
],
"id": "en-空しい-ja-adj-hyH52bni",
"links": [
[
"empty",
"empty"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"void",
"void"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "空っぽ"
},
{
"word": "虚ろ"
},
{
"word": "空虚"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 17 29 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"groundless, baseless, false"
],
"id": "en-空しい-ja-adj-njm4j8-7",
"links": [
[
"groundless",
"groundless"
],
[
"baseless",
"baseless"
],
[
"false",
"false"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "事実無根"
},
{
"word": "無実"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 17 29 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"uncertain, unreliable, vain, futile"
],
"id": "en-空しい-ja-adj-HNMNaLst",
"links": [
[
"uncertain",
"uncertain"
],
[
"unreliable",
"unreliable"
],
[
"vain",
"vain"
],
[
"futile",
"futile"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "temporary, not the real thing",
"word": "仮初め"
},
{
"english": "vain",
"word": "儚い"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dead, lifeless"
],
"id": "en-空しい-ja-adj-00358Z7-",
"links": [
[
"dead",
"dead"
],
[
"lifeless",
"lifeless"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 17 29 0 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unthinking (about someone), unattached (to someone)"
],
"id": "en-空しい-ja-adj-f3X4X1~6",
"links": [
[
"unthinking",
"unthinking"
],
[
"unattached",
"unattached"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "むなしい"
},
{
"other": "むなしい"
},
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟na̠ɕii]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "空しい"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*muna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *muna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "し.い"
},
"expansion": "しい (shii)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Appears in the earliest texts of the 700s CE, including the Nihon Shoki and the Man'yōshū. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *muna.\nAnalyzable as むな (muna, “cavity, void, open space”, combining form, spelled variously as 空, 虚, 胸, 棟; cognate with standalone nouns 胸 (mune, “chest”), 棟 (mune, “roof ridge”)) + adjective-forming suffix しい (shii).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "空しい",
"ruby": [
[
"空",
"むな"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "munashii",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "空しく",
"roman": "munashiku",
"ruby": [
[
"空",
"むな"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "空しかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "空しく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "munashiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "空しい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "munashii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "空しい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "munashii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "空しけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "空しかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "空しくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "munashiku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "空しかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "空しくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "munashiku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "空しいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "munashii desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "空しくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "munashiku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "空しかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "空しくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "munashiku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "空しくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "空しければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "空しかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "空しかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "munashikarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "空しく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "munashiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "空しさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "むなしさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "munashisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むなしい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "空(むな)しい • (munashii) -i (adverbial 空(むな)しく (munashiku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "むなし",
"lemma": "空し",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"empty, hollow, void"
],
"links": [
[
"empty",
"empty"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"void",
"void"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "空っぽ"
},
{
"word": "虚ろ"
},
{
"word": "空虚"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"groundless, baseless, false"
],
"links": [
[
"groundless",
"groundless"
],
[
"baseless",
"baseless"
],
[
"false",
"false"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "事実無根"
},
{
"word": "無実"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"uncertain, unreliable, vain, futile"
],
"links": [
[
"uncertain",
"uncertain"
],
[
"unreliable",
"unreliable"
],
[
"vain",
"vain"
],
[
"futile",
"futile"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "temporary, not the real thing",
"word": "仮初め"
},
{
"english": "vain",
"word": "儚い"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dead, lifeless"
],
"links": [
[
"dead",
"dead"
],
[
"lifeless",
"lifeless"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"unthinking (about someone), unattached (to someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"unthinking",
"unthinking"
],
[
"unattached",
"unattached"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "むなしい"
},
{
"other": "むなしい"
},
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟na̠ɕii]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "空しい"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 空しい meaning in Japanese (8.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"空しい"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "空しい",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.