"疑問" meaning in Japanese

See 疑問 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ɡʲimõ̞ɴ] Forms: 疑問 [canonical] (ruby: (), (もん)), gimon [romanization]
Etymology: Ultimately from Middle Chinese 疑問 (MC ngi mjunH, literally “doubt, suspicion + ask”), apparently borrowed later as a learned borrowing from Literary Chinese of the same source term. First attested in the early 1600s. Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=きもん'}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|疑問|lit=doubt, suspicion + ask}} 疑問 (MC ngi mjunH, literally “doubt, suspicion + ask”), {{lbor|ja|lzh|-|nocap=1|sort=きもん'}} learned borrowing from Literary Chinese Head templates: {{ja-noun|ぎもん}} 疑(ぎ)問(もん) • (gimon)
  1. a question (implies a doubt about something) Synonyms: 質問 (english: neutral, no nuances of doubt)
    Sense id: en-疑問-ja-noun-uIhvX86K Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 40 5 42 12 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 33 4 34 29 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 32 4 33 30 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 32 4 33 31 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 33 4 34 29
  2. a doubt or suspicion about whether something is real or true
    Sense id: en-疑問-ja-noun-GOFUcFCT

Verb

IPA: [ɡʲimõ̞ɴ]
Etymology: Ultimately from Middle Chinese 疑問 (MC ngi mjunH, literally “doubt, suspicion + ask”), apparently borrowed later as a learned borrowing from Literary Chinese of the same source term. First attested in the early 1600s. Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=きもん'}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|疑問|lit=doubt, suspicion + ask}} 疑問 (MC ngi mjunH, literally “doubt, suspicion + ask”), {{lbor|ja|lzh|-|nocap=1|sort=きもん'}} learned borrowing from Literary Chinese Forms: 疑問する [canonical] (ruby: (), (もん)), gimon suru [romanization], 疑問し [stem] (ruby: (), (もん)), 疑問した [past] (ruby: (), (もん)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 疑問し [error-unrecognized-form], ぎもんし [error-unrecognized-form], gimon shi [error-unrecognized-form], 疑問する [error-unrecognized-form], ぎもんする [error-unrecognized-form], gimon suru [error-unrecognized-form], 疑問すれ [error-unrecognized-form], ぎもんすれ [error-unrecognized-form], gimon sure [error-unrecognized-form], 疑問せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 疑問しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], ぎもんせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], ぎもんしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], gimon seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], gimon shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 疑問される [passive], ぎもんされる [passive], gimon sareru [passive], 疑問させる [causative], 疑問さす [causative], ぎもんさせる [causative], ぎもんさす [causative], gimon saseru [causative], gimon sasu [causative], 疑問できる [potential], ぎもんできる [potential], gimon dekiru [potential], 疑問しよう [volitional], ぎもんしよう [volitional], gimon shiyō [volitional], 疑問しない [negative], ぎもんしない [negative], gimon shinai [negative], 疑問せず [continuative, negative], ぎもんせず [continuative, negative], gimon sezu [continuative, negative], 疑問します [formal], ぎもんします [formal], gimon shimasu [formal], 疑問した [perfective], ぎもんした [perfective], gimon shita [perfective], 疑問して [conjunctive], ぎもんして [conjunctive], gimon shite [conjunctive], 疑問すれば [conditional, hypothetical], ぎもんすれば [conditional, hypothetical], gimon sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to ask (implies a doubt about something) Synonyms: 質問 (english: neutral, no nuances of doubt)
    Sense id: en-疑問-ja-verb-rvkE3mAU Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 40 5 42 12 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 33 4 34 29 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 32 4 33 30 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 32 4 33 31 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 33 4 34 29
  2. to doubt or suspect that something might not be real or true
    Sense id: en-疑問-ja-verb-mK19-m6b Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 40 5 42 12 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 33 4 34 29 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 32 4 33 30 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 32 4 33 31 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 33 4 34 29 Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 17 20 27 36

Download JSON data for 疑問 meaning in Japanese (10.3kB)

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      "ipa": "[ɡʲimõ̞ɴ]"
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      "form": "疑問し",
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      "form": "疑問する",
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      "source": "conjugation",
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    {
      "form": "疑問すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "error-unrecognized-form"
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    {
      "form": "ぎもんすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
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      "form": "gimon sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
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    },
    {
      "form": "疑問せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "imperative",
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    },
    {
      "form": "疑問される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
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    },
    {
      "form": "gimon sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
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    {
      "form": "ぎもんさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
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    },
    {
      "form": "gimon sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
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    },
    {
      "form": "疑問できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
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    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんせず",
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      "tags": [
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    },
    {
      "form": "gimon sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
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  "pos": "verb",
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      "glosses": [
        "to doubt or suspect that something might not be real or true"
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          "doubt",
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        [
          "real",
          "real"
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      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ぎもん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɡʲimõ̞ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "疑問"
}
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        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "きもん'"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "疑問",
        "lit": "doubt, suspicion + ask"
      },
      "expansion": "疑問 (MC ngi mjunH, literally “doubt, suspicion + ask”)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "lzh",
        "3": "-",
        "nocap": "1",
        "sort": "きもん'"
      },
      "expansion": "learned borrowing from Literary Chinese",
      "name": "lbor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Middle Chinese 疑問 (MC ngi mjunH, literally “doubt, suspicion + ask”), apparently borrowed later as a learned borrowing from Literary Chinese of the same source term.\nFirst attested in the early 1600s.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "疑問",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "疑",
          "ぎ"
        ],
        [
          "問",
          "もん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ぎもん"
      },
      "expansion": "疑(ぎ)問(もん) • (gimon)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a question (implies a doubt about something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "question",
          "question"
        ],
        [
          "doubt",
          "doubt"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "english": "neutral, no nuances of doubt",
          "word": "質問"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a doubt or suspicion about whether something is real or true"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "doubt",
          "doubt"
        ],
        [
          "suspicion",
          "suspicion"
        ],
        [
          "real",
          "real"
        ],
        [
          "true",
          "true"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ぎもん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɡʲimõ̞ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "疑問"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese learned borrowings from Literary Chinese",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms borrowed from Literary Chinese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Literary Chinese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "きもん'"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "疑問",
        "lit": "doubt, suspicion + ask"
      },
      "expansion": "疑問 (MC ngi mjunH, literally “doubt, suspicion + ask”)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "lzh",
        "3": "-",
        "nocap": "1",
        "sort": "きもん'"
      },
      "expansion": "learned borrowing from Literary Chinese",
      "name": "lbor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Middle Chinese 疑問 (MC ngi mjunH, literally “doubt, suspicion + ask”), apparently borrowed later as a learned borrowing from Literary Chinese of the same source term.\nFirst attested in the early 1600s.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "疑問する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "疑",
          "ぎ"
        ],
        [
          "問",
          "もん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問し",
      "roman": "gimon shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "疑",
          "ぎ"
        ],
        [
          "問",
          "もん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問した",
      "roman": "gimon shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "疑",
          "ぎ"
        ],
        [
          "問",
          "もん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "疑問すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぎもんすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gimon sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to ask (implies a doubt about something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ask",
          "ask"
        ],
        [
          "doubt",
          "doubt"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "english": "neutral, no nuances of doubt",
          "word": "質問"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to doubt or suspect that something might not be real or true"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "doubt",
          "doubt"
        ],
        [
          "suspect",
          "suspect"
        ],
        [
          "real",
          "real"
        ],
        [
          "true",
          "true"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ぎもん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɡʲimõ̞ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "疑問"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "疑問"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "疑問",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "疑問"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "疑問",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "疑問"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "疑問",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "疑問"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "疑問",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "疑問"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "疑問",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "疑問"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "疑問",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "疑問"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "疑問",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.