See 町 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 町 meaning in Japanese (11.0kB)
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
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}
],
"id": "en-町-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
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"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "町"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
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{
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"expansion": "Middle Korean 맡 (math, “field”)",
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{
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"2": "道",
"t": "road",
"tr": "chi, michi"
},
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"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, with the original meaning of \"plot of land\"; in turn, likely borrowed from Proto-Koreanic *mati, hence related with Middle Korean 맡 (math, “field”).\nAll Japanese etymological theories base the etymology on the meaning of \"town; section of a castle town\", typically using 道 (chi, michi, “road”), but a Korean borrowing is more plausible given the earlier semantics in Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "町",
"ruby": [
[
"町",
"まち"
]
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]
},
{
"form": "machi",
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "まち"
},
"expansion": "町(まち) • (machi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "ja",
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{
"glosses": [
"a town, a city"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-HffWr9Qh",
"links": [
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"town",
"town"
],
[
"city",
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]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a section of a palace or residence"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-9hRTxkmN",
"links": [
[
"section",
"section"
],
[
"palace",
"palace"
],
[
"residence",
"residence"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a section of buildings"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-q58SoA3W",
"links": [
[
"buildings",
"building"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"under the Jōbō system, a section of a castle town"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-ldj79Nis"
},
{
"glosses": [
"chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m)"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-06iQ2fsD"
},
{
"glosses": [
"chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-gGW~YDh6"
},
{
"glosses": [
"a section of where someone lives"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-K1OmoeIE"
},
{
"glosses": [
"a market"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-zn62tsiT",
"links": [
[
"market",
"market"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a section of a town or city"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-s2YJ4Wsw"
},
{
"glosses": [
"a fortune-telling line or shape carved or drawn on the shell or bones of turtles or deer"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-9cLk9abr"
},
{
"glosses": [
"grade, quality"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-4jwJ4yn7",
"links": [
[
"grade",
"grade"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"townspeople"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-Lu5moZ-h",
"links": [
[
"townspeople",
"townspeople"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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},
{
"_dis": "0 1 0 6 2 0 4 1 4 0 0 2 3 3 15 15 0 4 13 0 0 13 13",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Administrative divisions",
"orig": "ja:Administrative divisions",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the exterior of a red-light district"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-gMdNoCmR",
"links": [
[
"exterior",
"exterior"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 3 1 2 4 1 3 3 9 1 1 4 2 7 13 13 1 8 16 1 0 5 6",
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{
"_dis": "0 1 0 6 2 0 4 1 4 0 0 2 3 3 15 15 0 4 13 0 0 13 13",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the interior of a red-light district"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-19eNQVzb",
"links": [
[
"interior",
"interior"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tax"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-H~wEBrmJ",
"links": [
[
"tax",
"tax"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a subdivision making up a city"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-3~B0gh8Y",
"links": [
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 0 1 5 0 3 3 11 0 0 4 2 7 12 12 0 9 16 0 0 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 0 3 4 0 3 3 10 0 0 4 3 7 12 12 0 8 16 0 0 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 0 3 4 0 3 3 10 0 0 4 3 7 12 12 0 8 16 0 0 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "0 3 1 2 4 1 3 3 9 1 1 4 2 7 13 13 1 8 16 1 0 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 0 2 3 0 4 4 9 0 0 4 3 6 13 13 0 7 17 0 0 5 7",
"kind": "other",
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 0 6 2 0 4 1 4 0 0 2 3 3 15 15 0 4 13 0 0 13 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
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"orig": "ja:Administrative divisions",
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"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the local government"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-aWuboAZ3"
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a plot (of land)"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun--qKv0s0o",
"links": [
[
"plot",
"plot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a plot (of land)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a measure (of land)"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-noun-vC1GceVU",
"links": [
[
"measure",
"measure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a measure (of land)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "まち"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai"
],
"word": "町"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "qfa-kor-pro",
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{
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},
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"t": "road",
"tr": "chi, michi"
},
"expansion": "道 (chi, michi, “road”)",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, with the original meaning of \"plot of land\"; in turn, likely borrowed from Proto-Koreanic *mati, hence related with Middle Korean 맡 (math, “field”).\nAll Japanese etymological theories base the etymology on the meaning of \"town; section of a castle town\", typically using 道 (chi, michi, “road”), but a Korean borrowing is more plausible given the earlier semantics in Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "町",
"ruby": [
[
"町",
"まち"
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},
{
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},
"expansion": "町(まち) • (Machi)",
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-町-ja-name-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
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{
"other": "まち"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠t͡ɕi]"
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],
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"word": "町"
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{
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, with the original meaning of \"plot of land\"; in turn, likely borrowed from Proto-Koreanic *mati, hence related with Middle Korean 맡 (math, “field”).\nAll Japanese etymological theories base the etymology on the meaning of \"town; section of a castle town\", typically using 道 (chi, michi, “road”), but a Korean borrowing is more plausible given the earlier semantics in Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "町",
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[
"町",
"まち"
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},
{
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],
"head_templates": [
{
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"expansion": "町(まち) • (-machi)",
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"lang_code": "ja",
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{
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{
"_dis": "0 1 0 6 2 0 4 1 4 0 0 2 3 3 15 15 0 4 13 0 0 13 13",
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"parents": [
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Machi district; more detailed than 都, 道, 府, 県."
],
"id": "en-町-ja-suffix-CtUu8uts",
"links": [
[
"Machi",
"Machi"
],
[
"district",
"district"
],
[
"都",
"都"
],
[
"道",
"道"
],
[
"府",
"府"
],
[
"県",
"県"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "machi",
"ruby": [
[
"街",
"まち"
]
],
"word": "街"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "まち"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai"
],
"word": "町"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "町",
"ruby": [
[
"町",
"ちょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-chō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ちやう",
"roman": "tyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"hist": "ちやう"
},
"expansion": "町(ちょう) • (-chō) ^(←ちやう (tyau)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Chō district; more detailed than 市, 区."
],
"id": "en-町-ja-suffix-DolRRZ9z",
"links": [
[
"Chō",
"Chō"
],
[
"district",
"district"
],
[
"市",
"市"
],
[
"区",
"区"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "町"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
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"Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ちやう",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading てい",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading まち",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
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"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"ja:Administrative divisions"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
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{
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"word": "町"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Koreanic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 町",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
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"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"ja:Administrative divisions"
],
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},
{
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},
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{
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"t": "road",
"tr": "chi, michi"
},
"expansion": "道 (chi, michi, “road”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, with the original meaning of \"plot of land\"; in turn, likely borrowed from Proto-Koreanic *mati, hence related with Middle Korean 맡 (math, “field”).\nAll Japanese etymological theories base the etymology on the meaning of \"town; section of a castle town\", typically using 道 (chi, michi, “road”), but a Korean borrowing is more plausible given the earlier semantics in Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "町",
"ruby": [
[
"町",
"まち"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "machi",
"tags": [
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}
],
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],
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a town, a city"
],
"links": [
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a section of a palace or residence"
],
"links": [
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"section",
"section"
],
[
"palace",
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],
[
"residence",
"residence"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a section of buildings"
],
"links": [
[
"buildings",
"building"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"under the Jōbō system, a section of a castle town"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a section of where someone lives"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a market"
],
"links": [
[
"market",
"market"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a section of a town or city"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a fortune-telling line or shape carved or drawn on the shell or bones of turtles or deer"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"grade, quality"
],
"links": [
[
"grade",
"grade"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"townspeople"
],
"links": [
[
"townspeople",
"townspeople"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the exterior of a red-light district"
],
"links": [
[
"exterior",
"exterior"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the interior of a red-light district"
],
"links": [
[
"interior",
"interior"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tax"
],
"links": [
[
"tax",
"tax"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a subdivision making up a city"
],
"links": [
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the local government"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a plot (of land)"
],
"links": [
[
"plot",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a plot (of land)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a measure (of land)"
],
"links": [
[
"measure",
"measure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a measure (of land)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "まち"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai"
],
"word": "町"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Koreanic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 町",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"ja:Administrative divisions"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "qfa-kor-pro",
"3": "*mati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Koreanic *mati",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "맡",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean 맡 (math, “field”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "道",
"t": "road",
"tr": "chi, michi"
},
"expansion": "道 (chi, michi, “road”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, with the original meaning of \"plot of land\"; in turn, likely borrowed from Proto-Koreanic *mati, hence related with Middle Korean 맡 (math, “field”).\nAll Japanese etymological theories base the etymology on the meaning of \"town; section of a castle town\", typically using 道 (chi, michi, “road”), but a Korean borrowing is more plausible given the earlier semantics in Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "町",
"ruby": [
[
"町",
"まち"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Machi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "まち"
},
"expansion": "町(まち) • (Machi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "まち"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai"
],
"word": "町"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Koreanic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 町",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"ja:Administrative divisions"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "qfa-kor-pro",
"3": "*mati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Koreanic *mati",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "맡",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean 맡 (math, “field”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "道",
"t": "road",
"tr": "chi, michi"
},
"expansion": "道 (chi, michi, “road”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, with the original meaning of \"plot of land\"; in turn, likely borrowed from Proto-Koreanic *mati, hence related with Middle Korean 맡 (math, “field”).\nAll Japanese etymological theories base the etymology on the meaning of \"town; section of a castle town\", typically using 道 (chi, michi, “road”), but a Korean borrowing is more plausible given the earlier semantics in Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "町",
"ruby": [
[
"町",
"まち"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-machi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "まち"
},
"expansion": "町(まち) • (-machi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"roman": "machi",
"ruby": [
[
"街",
"まち"
]
],
"word": "街"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A Machi district; more detailed than 都, 道, 府, 県."
],
"links": [
[
"Machi",
"Machi"
],
[
"district",
"district"
],
[
"都",
"都"
],
[
"道",
"道"
],
[
"府",
"府"
],
[
"県",
"県"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "まち"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai"
],
"word": "町"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 町",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"ja:Administrative divisions"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "町",
"ruby": [
[
"町",
"ちょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-chō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ちやう",
"roman": "tyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "ちょう",
"hist": "ちやう"
},
"expansion": "町(ちょう) • (-chō) ^(←ちやう (tyau)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A Chō district; more detailed than 市, 区."
],
"links": [
[
"Chō",
"Chō"
],
[
"district",
"district"
],
[
"市",
"市"
],
[
"区",
"区"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "町"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"町"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "町",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"町"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "町",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"町"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "町",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"町"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "町",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"町"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "町",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"町"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "町",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"町"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "町",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.