"歩く" meaning in Japanese

See 歩く in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [a̠ɾɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]
Etymology: From Old Japanese. First cited to the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE. Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=あるく}} Old Japanese, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{circa2|759 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>}} circa 759 CE Head templates: {{ja-verb|あるく|tr=both|type=1}} 歩(ある)く • (aruku) transitive or intransitive godan (stem 歩(ある)き (aruki), past 歩(ある)いた (aruita)) Forms: 歩く [canonical] (ruby: (ある)), aruku [romanization], 歩き [stem] (ruby: (ある)), 歩いた [past] (ruby: (ある)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 歩か [error-unrecognized-form], あるか [error-unrecognized-form], aruka [error-unrecognized-form], 歩き [error-unrecognized-form], あるき [error-unrecognized-form], aruki [error-unrecognized-form], 歩く [error-unrecognized-form], あるく [error-unrecognized-form], aruku [error-unrecognized-form], 歩け [error-unrecognized-form], あるけ [error-unrecognized-form], aruke [error-unrecognized-form], 歩かれる [passive], あるかれる [passive], arukareru [passive], 歩かせる [causative], 歩かす [causative], あるかせる [causative], あるかす [causative], arukaseru [causative], arukasu [causative], 歩ける [potential], あるける [potential], arukeru [potential], 歩こう [volitional], あるこう [volitional], arukō [volitional], 歩かない [negative], あるかない [negative], arukanai [negative], 歩かず [continuative, negative], あるかず [continuative, negative], arukazu [continuative, negative], 歩きます [formal], あるきます [formal], arukimasu [formal], 歩いた [perfective], あるいた [perfective], aruita [perfective], 歩いて [conjunctive], あるいて [conjunctive], aruite [conjunctive], 歩けば [conditional, hypothetical], あるけば [conditional, hypothetical], arukeba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. (intransitive) to walk Wikipedia link: Man'yōshū Tags: intransitive Synonyms: 歩む (ayumu) (ruby: (あゆ))

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for 歩く meaning in Japanese (6.6kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "あるく"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "759 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>"
      },
      "expansion": "circa 759 CE",
      "name": "circa2"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First cited to the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "歩く",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "歩",
          "ある"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩き",
      "roman": "aruki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "歩",
          "ある"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩いた",
      "roman": "aruita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "歩",
          "ある"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩かれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるかれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩かせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩かす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるかせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるかす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩ける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩こう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるこう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩かない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるかない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩きます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるきます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩いた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるいた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩いて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるいて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "あるく",
        "tr": "both",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "歩(ある)く • (aruku) transitive or intransitive godan (stem 歩(ある)き (aruki), past 歩(ある)いた (aruita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Let's walk to the lake.",
          "roman": "Mizuumi made aruite ikimashō.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "湖",
              "みずうみ"
            ],
            [
              "歩",
              "ある"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "湖まで歩いていきましょう。"
        },
        {
          "english": "I will go on foot.",
          "roman": "Watashi wa aruite ikimasu.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "私",
              "わたし"
            ],
            [
              "歩",
              "ある"
            ],
            [
              "行",
              "い"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "私は歩いて行きます。"
        },
        {
          "english": "to walk the streets at night",
          "roman": "yoru no machi o aruku",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "夜",
              "よる"
            ],
            [
              "街",
              "まち"
            ],
            [
              "歩",
              "ある"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "夜の街を歩く"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to walk"
      ],
      "id": "en-歩く-ja-verb-icLBTR14",
      "links": [
        [
          "walk",
          "walk"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to walk"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "ayumu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "歩",
              "あゆ"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "歩む"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Man'yōshū"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "あるく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[a̠ɾɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "歩く"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "あるく"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "759 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>"
      },
      "expansion": "circa 759 CE",
      "name": "circa2"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First cited to the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "歩く",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "歩",
          "ある"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩き",
      "roman": "aruki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "歩",
          "ある"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩いた",
      "roman": "aruita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "歩",
          "ある"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩かれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるかれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩かせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩かす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるかせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるかす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩ける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩こう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるこう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩かない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるかない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩きます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるきます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩いた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるいた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩いて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるいて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aruite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "歩けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あるけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arukeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "あるく",
        "tr": "both",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "歩(ある)く • (aruku) transitive or intransitive godan (stem 歩(ある)き (aruki), past 歩(ある)いた (aruita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese intransitive verbs",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with manual fragments",
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
        "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
        "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples",
        "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
        "Japanese transitive verbs",
        "Japanese type 1 verbs",
        "Japanese verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Let's walk to the lake.",
          "roman": "Mizuumi made aruite ikimashō.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "湖",
              "みずうみ"
            ],
            [
              "歩",
              "ある"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "湖まで歩いていきましょう。"
        },
        {
          "english": "I will go on foot.",
          "roman": "Watashi wa aruite ikimasu.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "私",
              "わたし"
            ],
            [
              "歩",
              "ある"
            ],
            [
              "行",
              "い"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "私は歩いて行きます。"
        },
        {
          "english": "to walk the streets at night",
          "roman": "yoru no machi o aruku",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "夜",
              "よる"
            ],
            [
              "街",
              "まち"
            ],
            [
              "歩",
              "ある"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "夜の街を歩く"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to walk"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "walk",
          "walk"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to walk"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Man'yōshū"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "あるく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[a̠ɾɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "ayumu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "歩",
          "あゆ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "歩む"
    }
  ],
  "word": "歩く"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "歩く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "歩く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "歩く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "歩く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "歩く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "歩く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "歩く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "歩く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "歩く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "歩く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "歩く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "歩く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "歩く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "歩く",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.