See 恋う in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "恋う",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kou",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "恋い",
"roman": "koi",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "恋った",
"roman": "kotta",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ou",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kowa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋う",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kou",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋われる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kowareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "koeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "恋おう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "koō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋います",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "koimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "恋うた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こうた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kouta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "恋うて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こうて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koute",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋えば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "koeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "恋は",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こは",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "こふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋はず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こはず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "こへど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kofedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋はば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こはば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "koferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋はむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こはむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "こふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こふる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こふれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こひず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofizu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "こふれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kofuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こふれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こひば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こひむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofimu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こう",
"hhira": "こふ",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "恋(こ)う • (kou) ^(←こふ (kofu)?)godan (stem 恋(こ)い (koi), past 恋(こ)った (kotta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こ",
"2": "4-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "こ",
"2": "2u-p",
"3": "恋"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "koi",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こい"
]
],
"word": "恋"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to miss one's mother",
"roman": "haha o kou",
"ruby": [
[
"母",
"はは"
],
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "母を恋う",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "to miss one's hometown",
"roman": "furusato o kou",
"ruby": [
[
"故郷",
"ふるさと"
],
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "故郷を恋う",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to miss; to love; to have a deep affection for"
],
"id": "en-恋う-ja-verb-yOLWuRjW",
"links": [
[
"miss",
"miss"
],
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) to miss; to love; to have a deep affection for"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "koisuru",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こい"
]
],
"word": "恋する"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こう"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞ɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "恋う"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "koi",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こい"
]
],
"word": "恋"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "恋う",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kou",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "恋い",
"roman": "koi",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "恋った",
"roman": "kotta",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ou",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kowa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋う",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kou",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋われる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kowareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "koeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "恋おう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "koō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋います",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "koimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "恋うた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こうた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kouta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "恋うて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こうて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koute",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋えば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "koeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "恋は",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こは",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "こふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋はず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こはず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "こへど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kofedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋はば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こはば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "koferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋はむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こはむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "こふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こふる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こふれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こひず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofizu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "こふれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kofuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こふれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こひば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こひむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofimu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こう",
"hhira": "こふ",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "恋(こ)う • (kou) ^(←こふ (kofu)?)godan (stem 恋(こ)い (koi), past 恋(こ)った (kotta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こ",
"2": "4-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "こ",
"2": "2u-p",
"3": "恋"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "koisuru",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こい"
]
],
"word": "恋する"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"Japanese irregular verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese literary terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to miss one's mother",
"roman": "haha o kou",
"ruby": [
[
"母",
"はは"
],
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "母を恋う",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "to miss one's hometown",
"roman": "furusato o kou",
"ruby": [
[
"故郷",
"ふるさと"
],
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "故郷を恋う",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to miss; to love; to have a deep affection for"
],
"links": [
[
"miss",
"miss"
],
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) to miss; to love; to have a deep affection for"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こう"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞ɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "恋う"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 恋う meaning in Japanese (13.2kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.