See 恋う in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for 恋う meaning in Japanese (13.5kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "恋う",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kou",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "恋い",
"roman": "koi",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "恋った",
"roman": "kotta",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ou",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kowa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋う",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kou",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋われる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kowareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "koeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "恋おう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "koō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋います",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "koimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "恋うた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こうた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kouta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "恋うて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こうて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koute",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋えば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "koeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "恋は",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こは",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "こふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋はず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こはず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "こへど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kofedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋はば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こはば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "koferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋はむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こはむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "こふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こふる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こふれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こひず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofizu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "こふれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kofuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こふれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こひば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こひむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofimu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こう",
"hhira": "こふ",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "恋(こ)う • (kou) ^(←こふ (kofu)?)godan (stem 恋(こ)い (koi), past 恋(こ)った (kotta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こ",
"2": "4-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "こ",
"2": "2u-p",
"3": "恋"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "koi",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こい"
]
],
"word": "恋"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to miss one's mother",
"roman": "haha o kou",
"ruby": [
[
"母",
"はは"
],
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "母を恋う"
},
{
"english": "to miss one's hometown",
"roman": "furusato o kou",
"ruby": [
[
"故郷",
"ふるさと"
],
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "故郷を恋う"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to miss; to love; to have a deep affection for"
],
"id": "en-恋う-ja-verb-yOLWuRjW",
"links": [
[
"miss",
"miss"
],
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) to miss; to love; to have a deep affection for"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こう"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞ɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "恋う"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "koi",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こい"
]
],
"word": "恋"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "恋う",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kou",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "恋い",
"roman": "koi",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "恋った",
"roman": "kotta",
"ruby": [
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ou",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kowa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋う",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kou",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "恋われる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kowareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "koeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "恋おう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "koō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋わず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋います",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "koimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "恋うた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こうた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kouta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "恋うて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こうて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koute",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋えば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "koeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "恋は",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こは",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "こふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋はず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こはず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "こへど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kofedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋はば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こはば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋へり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "koferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋はむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こはむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "こふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こふる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こふれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こひよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こひず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofizu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "こふれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kofuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ふれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こふれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kofureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こひば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kofikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "こひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kofitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "恋ひむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こひむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kofimu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こう",
"hhira": "こふ",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "恋(こ)う • (kou) ^(←こふ (kofu)?)godan (stem 恋(こ)い (koi), past 恋(こ)った (kotta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こ",
"2": "4-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "こ",
"2": "2u-p",
"3": "恋"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese literary terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese type 1 verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to miss one's mother",
"roman": "haha o kou",
"ruby": [
[
"母",
"はは"
],
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "母を恋う"
},
{
"english": "to miss one's hometown",
"roman": "furusato o kou",
"ruby": [
[
"故郷",
"ふるさと"
],
[
"恋",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "故郷を恋う"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to miss; to love; to have a deep affection for"
],
"links": [
[
"miss",
"miss"
],
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) to miss; to love; to have a deep affection for"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こう"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞ɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "恋う"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"恋う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "恋う",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.