"如月" meaning in Japanese

See 如月 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [kʲi̥sa̠ɾa̠ɡʲi] Forms: 如月 [canonical] (ruby: 如月(きさらぎ)), kisaragi [romanization]
Etymology: Likely from Old Japanese. Attested in a reading annotation to 春分 ("vernal equinox") in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE; depending on the manuscript it appears with the unvoiced (or no rendaku) reading キサラキ (kisaraki). : :自(より)_㆑是(これ)以後(のち)、毎(ごとニ)_㆑當(あたル)_㆓ 季冬(しはすニ)_㆒、必(かならズ)藏(をさム)_㆑氷(こほりヲ)、至(いたリテ)_㆑于(に)_㆓春分(きさらぎ)_㆒、始(はじメテ)散(くばル)_㆑氷也(こほりヲ)。 [Man'yōgana] 是(これ)より以後(のち)、季冬(しはす)に当(あた)る毎(ごと)に、必(かなら)ず氷(こほり)を蔵(をさ)む、春分(きさらぎ)に至(いた)りて、始(はじ)めて氷(こほり)を散(くば)る。 [Modern spelling] Kore yori nochi, shiwasu ni ataru goto ni, kanarazu kōri o osamu, kisaragi ni itarite, hajimete kōri o kubaru. After this, he invariably storages ice every time when the end of winter (the 12th month) comes; When the vernal equinox (the 2nd month) comes, he distributes the ice for the first time. The alternative spelling 衣更着 (and also 更衣 (“change the clothes”)) reflects the derivation from 衣 (kinu, “robes, clothing”) + 更 (sara, “again, more”) + 着 (ki, “wearing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 着る (kiru, “to wear clothing on the upper body”)), first proposed by a poet Fujiwara no Kiyosuke (藤原清輔), in his work Ōgishō, 1144. Some sources also note that this spelling only arose in the late Heian period and propose alternative hypotheses including: * Compound of 気 (ki, “spirits, mood”) + 更 (sara, “again, more”) + 来 (ki, “coming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 来る (kuru, “to come”)), from the sense of one's mood improving as winter comes to a close. * Compound of 生 (ki, “live; life”, short for iki) + 更 (sara, “again, more”) + 来 (ki, “coming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 来る (kuru, “to come”)), from the sense of plants putting forth new shoots. * James Marshall Unger suggests that this may ultimately be cognate with modern Korean 겨울 (gyeoul, “winter”). Compare obsolete or dialectal form 겨슬 (gyeoseul), and Middle Korean 겨ᅀᆞᆶ (kyezolh). In this hypothesis, the /o/ in the Middle Korean is potentially problematic, but Unger views the final /-lh/ as a good match for the final /-raɡi/ in the Japanese. However this theory is unreasonable for the following reasons: ** The 2nd month of East Asian lunar calendar is when the vernal equinox occurs, or the middle month of spring, which is never considered as winter. ** Vowel ㅕ (Yale: ye) of Koreanic is consistently transcribed in in Japanese, until its pronunciation changed to [jʌ̹] as the standard Korean in the early modern times (cf. 寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))), 嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of the Baekje word for "island", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))), 倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712) ). The spelling 如月 itself is borrowed from Middle Chinese 如月 (MC nyo ngjwot). Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=きさらぎ}} Old Japanese, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{ja-r|キサラキ|linkto=-}} キサラキ (kisaraki), {{ja-x|是 より 以後、季冬 に 当る 毎 に、必ず 氷 を 蔵む、春分 に 至りて、始めて 氷 を 散る。|これ より のち、しはす に あたる ごと に、かならず こほり を をさむ、きさらぎ に いたりて、はじめて こほり を くばる。|After this, he invariably storages ice every time when the end of winter (the 12th month) comes; When the vernal equinox (the 2nd month) comes, he distributes the ice for the first time.|m=自_㆑是 以後、毎_㆑當_㆓ 季冬_㆒、必 藏_㆑氷、至_㆑于_㆓春分_㆒、始 散_㆑氷也。|m_kana=より_㆑これ のち、ごとニ_㆑あたル_㆓ しはすニ_㆒、かならズ をさム_㆑こほりヲ、いたリテ_㆑に_㆓きさらぎ_㆒、はじメテ くばル_㆑こほりヲ。|rom=Kore yori nochi, shiwasu ni ataru goto ni, kanarazu kōri o osamu, kisaragi ni itarite, hajimete kōri o kubaru.}} 自(より)_㆑是(これ)以後(のち)、毎(ごとニ)_㆑當(あたル)_㆓ 季冬(しはすニ)_㆒、必(かならズ)藏(をさム)_㆑氷(こほりヲ)、至(いたリテ)_㆑于(に)_㆓春分(きさらぎ)_㆒、始(はじメテ)散(くばル)_㆑氷也(こほりヲ)。 [Man'yōgana] 是(これ)より以後(のち)、季冬(しはす)に当(あた)る毎(ごと)に、必(かなら)ず氷(こほり)を蔵(をさ)む、春分(きさらぎ)に至(いた)りて、始(はじ)めて氷(こほり)を散(くば)る。 [Modern spelling] Kore yori nochi, shiwasu ni ataru goto ni, kanarazu kōri o osamu, kisaragi ni itarite, hajimete kōri o kubaru. After this, he invariably storages ice every time when the end of winter (the 12th month) comes; When the vernal equinox (the 2nd month) comes, he distributes the ice for the first time., {{l|ja|衣更着}} 衣更着, {{l|ja|更衣|t=change the clothes}} 更衣 (“change the clothes”), {{m|ja|衣||robes, clothing|tr=kinu}} 衣 (kinu, “robes, clothing”), {{m|ja|更||again, more|tr=sara}} 更 (sara, “again, more”), {{m|ja|連用形||continuative or stem form|tr=ren'yōkei}} 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”), {{m|ja|着る||to wear clothing on the upper body|tr=kiru}} 着る (kiru, “to wear clothing on the upper body”), {{m|ja|着||wearing|pos=the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">着る</i> (kiru, “to wear clothing on the upper body”)|tr=ki}} 着 (ki, “wearing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 着る (kiru, “to wear clothing on the upper body”)), {{m|ja|気||spirits, mood|tr=ki}} 気 (ki, “spirits, mood”), {{m|ja|更||again, more|tr=sara}} 更 (sara, “again, more”), {{m|ja|連用形||continuative or stem form|tr=ren'yōkei}} 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”), {{m|ja|来る||to come|tr=kuru}} 来る (kuru, “to come”), {{m|ja|来||coming|pos=the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">来る</i> (kuru, “to come”)|tr=ki}} 来 (ki, “coming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 来る (kuru, “to come”)), {{m|ja|生||live; life|pos=short for iki|tr=ki}} 生 (ki, “live; life”, short for iki), {{m|ja|更||again, more|tr=sara}} 更 (sara, “again, more”), {{m|ja|連用形||continuative or stem form|tr=ren'yōkei}} 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”), {{m|ja|来る||to come|tr=kuru}} 来る (kuru, “to come”), {{m|ja|来||coming|pos=the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">来る</i> (kuru, “to come”)|tr=ki}} 来 (ki, “coming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 来る (kuru, “to come”)), {{cog|ko|겨울||winter}} Korean 겨울 (gyeoul, “winter”), {{ko-l|겨슬}} 겨슬 (gyeoseul), {{cog|okm|겨ᅀᆞᆶ|tr=kyezolh}} Middle Korean 겨ᅀᆞᆶ (kyezolh), {{cog|okm|-}} Middle Korean, {{cog|ja|-}} Japanese, {{m|okm|ㅕ|tr=-}} ㅕ, {{okm-l|ㅕ|ye}} ㅕ (Yale: ye), {{m|okm|뎔〮|tr=-}} 뎔〮, {{m|ko|절|||tr=}} 절 (jeol), {{okm-l|뎔〮|tyél|ko=절}} 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol)), {{ja-r|寺|てら|temple|pos=borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean <i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">뎔〮</i> (Yale: tyél; modern Korean <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">절</i> (jeol))}} 寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))), {{m|okm|셤〯|tr=-}} 셤〯, {{m|ko|섬|||tr=}} 섬 (seom), {{okm-l|셤〯|syěm|ko=섬}} 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom)), {{ja-r|嶋|セマ|linkto=斯麻|pos=transliteration of the Baekje word for "island", related to <i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">셤〯</i> (Yale: syěm; modern Korean <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">섬</i> (seom))}} 嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of the Baekje word for "island", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))), {{ko-l|별|star}} 별 (byeol, “star”), {{ja-r|倍留|ぺる|linkto=-|pos=transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712}} 倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712), {{ltc-l|如月|id=1,1}} 如月 (MC nyo ngjwot) Head templates: {{ja-noun|きさらぎ}} 如月(きさらぎ) • (kisaragi)
  1. (archaic) the second month of the lunar calendar Tags: archaic
    Sense id: en-如月-ja-noun-uZyZPeqH Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 41 18 41 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 34 31 34 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 42 16 42 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 54 46
  2. (poetic) February Tags: poetic
    Sense id: en-如月-ja-noun-yHfG~0Be Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 41 18 41 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 34 31 34 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 42 16 42 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 54 46
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: [d͡ʑo̞ɡe̞t͡sɨᵝ] Forms: 如月 [canonical] (ruby: 如(じょ), 月(げつ)), jogetsu [romanization]
Etymology: Unknown. Appears to be coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived roots, as a compound of 如 (jo, “resemble, look like”) + 月 (getsu, “moon; month”). First cited with this reading to a text from 1559. Etymology templates: {{unk|ja|sort=しょげつ'}} Unknown, {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=しょげつ'}} Middle Chinese, {{compound|ja|如|月|sort=しょげつ'|t1=resemble, look like|t2=moon; month|tr1=jo|tr2=getsu}} 如 (jo, “resemble, look like”) + 月 (getsu, “moon; month”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|じょげつ}} 如(じょ)月(げつ) • (jogetsu)
  1. (archaic) the second month of the lunar calendar Tags: archaic
    Sense id: en-如月-ja-noun-uZyZPeqH1 Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 41 18 41 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 34 31 34 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 42 16 42 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 33 33 33
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for 如月 meaning in Japanese (16.8kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "きさらぎ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "キサラキ",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "キサラキ (kisaraki)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "是 より 以後、季冬 に 当る 毎 に、必ず 氷 を 蔵む、春分 に 至りて、始めて 氷 を 散る。",
        "2": "これ より のち、しはす に あたる ごと に、かならず こほり を をさむ、きさらぎ に いたりて、はじめて こほり を くばる。",
        "3": "After this, he invariably storages ice every time when the end of winter (the 12th month) comes; When the vernal equinox (the 2nd month) comes, he distributes the ice for the first time.",
        "m": "自_㆑是 以後、毎_㆑當_㆓ 季冬_㆒、必 藏_㆑氷、至_㆑于_㆓春分_㆒、始 散_㆑氷也。",
        "m_kana": "より_㆑これ のち、ごとニ_㆑あたル_㆓ しはすニ_㆒、かならズ をさム_㆑こほりヲ、いたリテ_㆑に_㆓きさらぎ_㆒、はじメテ くばル_㆑こほりヲ。",
        "rom": "Kore yori nochi, shiwasu ni ataru goto ni, kanarazu kōri o osamu, kisaragi ni itarite, hajimete kōri o kubaru."
      },
      "expansion": "自(より)_㆑是(これ)以後(のち)、毎(ごとニ)_㆑當(あたル)_㆓ 季冬(しはすニ)_㆒、必(かならズ)藏(をさム)_㆑氷(こほりヲ)、至(いたリテ)_㆑于(に)_㆓春分(きさらぎ)_㆒、始(はじメテ)散(くばル)_㆑氷也(こほりヲ)。 [Man'yōgana]\n是(これ)より以後(のち)、季冬(しはす)に当(あた)る毎(ごと)に、必(かなら)ず氷(こほり)を蔵(をさ)む、春分(きさらぎ)に至(いた)りて、始(はじ)めて氷(こほり)を散(くば)る。 [Modern spelling]\nKore yori nochi, shiwasu ni ataru goto ni, kanarazu kōri o osamu, kisaragi ni itarite, hajimete kōri o kubaru.\nAfter this, he invariably storages ice every time when the end of winter (the 12th month) comes; When the vernal equinox (the 2nd month) comes, he distributes the ice for the first time.",
      "name": "ja-x"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "衣更着"
      },
      "expansion": "衣更着",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "更衣",
        "t": "change the clothes"
      },
      "expansion": "更衣 (“change the clothes”)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "衣",
        "3": "",
        "4": "robes, clothing",
        "tr": "kinu"
      },
      "expansion": "衣 (kinu, “robes, clothing”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "更",
        "3": "",
        "4": "again, more",
        "tr": "sara"
      },
      "expansion": "更 (sara, “again, more”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連用形",
        "3": "",
        "4": "continuative or stem form",
        "tr": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "着る",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to wear clothing on the upper body",
        "tr": "kiru"
      },
      "expansion": "着る (kiru, “to wear clothing on the upper body”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "着",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wearing",
        "pos": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">着る</i> (kiru, “to wear clothing on the upper body”)",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "着 (ki, “wearing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 着る (kiru, “to wear clothing on the upper body”))",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "気",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spirits, mood",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "気 (ki, “spirits, mood”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "更",
        "3": "",
        "4": "again, more",
        "tr": "sara"
      },
      "expansion": "更 (sara, “again, more”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連用形",
        "3": "",
        "4": "continuative or stem form",
        "tr": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "来る",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to come",
        "tr": "kuru"
      },
      "expansion": "来る (kuru, “to come”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "来",
        "3": "",
        "4": "coming",
        "pos": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">来る</i> (kuru, “to come”)",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "来 (ki, “coming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 来る (kuru, “to come”))",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "生",
        "3": "",
        "4": "live; life",
        "pos": "short for iki",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "生 (ki, “live; life”, short for iki)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "更",
        "3": "",
        "4": "again, more",
        "tr": "sara"
      },
      "expansion": "更 (sara, “again, more”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連用形",
        "3": "",
        "4": "continuative or stem form",
        "tr": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "来る",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to come",
        "tr": "kuru"
      },
      "expansion": "来る (kuru, “to come”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "来",
        "3": "",
        "4": "coming",
        "pos": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">来る</i> (kuru, “to come”)",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "来 (ki, “coming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 来る (kuru, “to come”))",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "겨울",
        "3": "",
        "4": "winter"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 겨울 (gyeoul, “winter”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "겨슬"
      },
      "expansion": "겨슬 (gyeoseul)",
      "name": "ko-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "겨ᅀᆞᆶ",
        "tr": "kyezolh"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Korean 겨ᅀᆞᆶ (kyezolh)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Korean",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "ㅕ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅕ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ㅕ",
        "2": "ye"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅕ (Yale: ye)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "뎔〮",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "뎔〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "절",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "절 (jeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "뎔〮",
        "2": "tyél",
        "ko": "절"
      },
      "expansion": "뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "寺",
        "2": "てら",
        "3": "temple",
        "pos": "borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">뎔〮</i> (Yale: tyél; modern Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">절</i> (jeol))"
      },
      "expansion": "寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol)))",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "셤〯",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "셤〯",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "섬",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "섬 (seom)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "셤〯",
        "2": "syěm",
        "ko": "섬"
      },
      "expansion": "셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "嶋",
        "2": "セマ",
        "linkto": "斯麻",
        "pos": "transliteration of the Baekje word for \"island\", related to <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">셤〯</i> (Yale: syěm; modern Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">섬</i> (seom))"
      },
      "expansion": "嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of the Baekje word for \"island\", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom)))",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "별",
        "2": "star"
      },
      "expansion": "별 (byeol, “star”)",
      "name": "ko-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "倍留",
        "2": "ぺる",
        "linkto": "-",
        "pos": "transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712"
      },
      "expansion": "倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "如月",
        "id": "1,1"
      },
      "expansion": "如月 (MC nyo ngjwot)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Likely from Old Japanese. Attested in a reading annotation to 春分 (\"vernal equinox\") in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE; depending on the manuscript it appears with the unvoiced (or no rendaku) reading キサラキ (kisaraki).\n:\n:自(より)_㆑是(これ)以後(のち)、毎(ごとニ)_㆑當(あたル)_㆓ 季冬(しはすニ)_㆒、必(かならズ)藏(をさム)_㆑氷(こほりヲ)、至(いたリテ)_㆑于(に)_㆓春分(きさらぎ)_㆒、始(はじメテ)散(くばル)_㆑氷也(こほりヲ)。 [Man'yōgana]\n是(これ)より以後(のち)、季冬(しはす)に当(あた)る毎(ごと)に、必(かなら)ず氷(こほり)を蔵(をさ)む、春分(きさらぎ)に至(いた)りて、始(はじ)めて氷(こほり)を散(くば)る。 [Modern spelling]\nKore yori nochi, shiwasu ni ataru goto ni, kanarazu kōri o osamu, kisaragi ni itarite, hajimete kōri o kubaru.\nAfter this, he invariably storages ice every time when the end of winter (the 12th month) comes; When the vernal equinox (the 2nd month) comes, he distributes the ice for the first time.\nThe alternative spelling 衣更着 (and also 更衣 (“change the clothes”)) reflects the derivation from 衣 (kinu, “robes, clothing”) + 更 (sara, “again, more”) + 着 (ki, “wearing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 着る (kiru, “to wear clothing on the upper body”)), first proposed by a poet Fujiwara no Kiyosuke (藤原清輔), in his work Ōgishō, 1144.\nSome sources also note that this spelling only arose in the late Heian period and propose alternative hypotheses including:\n* Compound of 気 (ki, “spirits, mood”) + 更 (sara, “again, more”) + 来 (ki, “coming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 来る (kuru, “to come”)), from the sense of one's mood improving as winter comes to a close.\n* Compound of 生 (ki, “live; life”, short for iki) + 更 (sara, “again, more”) + 来 (ki, “coming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 来る (kuru, “to come”)), from the sense of plants putting forth new shoots.\n* James Marshall Unger suggests that this may ultimately be cognate with modern Korean 겨울 (gyeoul, “winter”). Compare obsolete or dialectal form 겨슬 (gyeoseul), and Middle Korean 겨ᅀᆞᆶ (kyezolh). In this hypothesis, the /o/ in the Middle Korean is potentially problematic, but Unger views the final /-lh/ as a good match for the final /-raɡi/ in the Japanese. However this theory is unreasonable for the following reasons:\n** The 2nd month of East Asian lunar calendar is when the vernal equinox occurs, or the middle month of spring, which is never considered as winter.\n** Vowel ㅕ (Yale: ye) of Koreanic is consistently transcribed in in Japanese, until its pronunciation changed to [jʌ̹] as the standard Korean in the early modern times (cf. 寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))), 嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of the Baekje word for \"island\", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))), 倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712) ).\nThe spelling 如月 itself is borrowed from Middle Chinese 如月 (MC nyo ngjwot).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "如月",
      "head_nr": 1,
      "ruby": [
        [
          "如月",
          "きさらぎ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kisaragi",
      "head_nr": 1,
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "きさらぎ"
      },
      "expansion": "如月(きさらぎ) • (kisaragi)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 18 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 31 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 16 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the second month of the lunar calendar"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-如月-ja-noun-uZyZPeqH",
      "links": [
        [
          "second",
          "second"
        ],
        [
          "month",
          "month"
        ],
        [
          "lunar calendar",
          "lunar calendar"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) the second month of the lunar calendar"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 18 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 31 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 16 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "February"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-如月-ja-noun-yHfG~0Be",
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "February",
          "February"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) February"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "きさらぎ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʲi̥sa̠ɾa̠ɡʲi]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Emperor Nintoku",
    "Fujiwara no Kiyosuke",
    "Heian period",
    "James Marshall Unger",
    "Middle Chinese",
    "Nihon Shoki",
    "Wakan Sansai Zue",
    "ja:藤原清輔"
  ],
  "word": "如月"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "sort": "しょげつ'"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "しょげつ'"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "如",
        "3": "月",
        "sort": "しょげつ'",
        "t1": "resemble, look like",
        "t2": "moon; month",
        "tr1": "jo",
        "tr2": "getsu"
      },
      "expansion": "如 (jo, “resemble, look like”) + 月 (getsu, “moon; month”)",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Appears to be coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived roots, as a compound of 如 (jo, “resemble, look like”) + 月 (getsu, “moon; month”).\nFirst cited with this reading to a text from 1559.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "如月",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "如",
          "じょ"
        ],
        [
          "月",
          "げつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jogetsu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "じょげつ"
      },
      "expansion": "如(じょ)月(げつ) • (jogetsu)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 18 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 31 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 16 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the second month of the lunar calendar"
      ],
      "id": "en-如月-ja-noun-uZyZPeqH1",
      "links": [
        [
          "second",
          "second"
        ],
        [
          "month",
          "month"
        ],
        [
          "lunar calendar",
          "lunar calendar"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) the second month of the lunar calendar"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "じょげつ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡ʑo̞ɡe̞t͡sɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "如月"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese compound terms",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "きさらぎ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "キサラキ",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "キサラキ (kisaraki)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "是 より 以後、季冬 に 当る 毎 に、必ず 氷 を 蔵む、春分 に 至りて、始めて 氷 を 散る。",
        "2": "これ より のち、しはす に あたる ごと に、かならず こほり を をさむ、きさらぎ に いたりて、はじめて こほり を くばる。",
        "3": "After this, he invariably storages ice every time when the end of winter (the 12th month) comes; When the vernal equinox (the 2nd month) comes, he distributes the ice for the first time.",
        "m": "自_㆑是 以後、毎_㆑當_㆓ 季冬_㆒、必 藏_㆑氷、至_㆑于_㆓春分_㆒、始 散_㆑氷也。",
        "m_kana": "より_㆑これ のち、ごとニ_㆑あたル_㆓ しはすニ_㆒、かならズ をさム_㆑こほりヲ、いたリテ_㆑に_㆓きさらぎ_㆒、はじメテ くばル_㆑こほりヲ。",
        "rom": "Kore yori nochi, shiwasu ni ataru goto ni, kanarazu kōri o osamu, kisaragi ni itarite, hajimete kōri o kubaru."
      },
      "expansion": "自(より)_㆑是(これ)以後(のち)、毎(ごとニ)_㆑當(あたル)_㆓ 季冬(しはすニ)_㆒、必(かならズ)藏(をさム)_㆑氷(こほりヲ)、至(いたリテ)_㆑于(に)_㆓春分(きさらぎ)_㆒、始(はじメテ)散(くばル)_㆑氷也(こほりヲ)。 [Man'yōgana]\n是(これ)より以後(のち)、季冬(しはす)に当(あた)る毎(ごと)に、必(かなら)ず氷(こほり)を蔵(をさ)む、春分(きさらぎ)に至(いた)りて、始(はじ)めて氷(こほり)を散(くば)る。 [Modern spelling]\nKore yori nochi, shiwasu ni ataru goto ni, kanarazu kōri o osamu, kisaragi ni itarite, hajimete kōri o kubaru.\nAfter this, he invariably storages ice every time when the end of winter (the 12th month) comes; When the vernal equinox (the 2nd month) comes, he distributes the ice for the first time.",
      "name": "ja-x"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "衣更着"
      },
      "expansion": "衣更着",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "更衣",
        "t": "change the clothes"
      },
      "expansion": "更衣 (“change the clothes”)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "衣",
        "3": "",
        "4": "robes, clothing",
        "tr": "kinu"
      },
      "expansion": "衣 (kinu, “robes, clothing”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "更",
        "3": "",
        "4": "again, more",
        "tr": "sara"
      },
      "expansion": "更 (sara, “again, more”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連用形",
        "3": "",
        "4": "continuative or stem form",
        "tr": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "着る",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to wear clothing on the upper body",
        "tr": "kiru"
      },
      "expansion": "着る (kiru, “to wear clothing on the upper body”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "着",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wearing",
        "pos": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">着る</i> (kiru, “to wear clothing on the upper body”)",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "着 (ki, “wearing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 着る (kiru, “to wear clothing on the upper body”))",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "気",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spirits, mood",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "気 (ki, “spirits, mood”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "更",
        "3": "",
        "4": "again, more",
        "tr": "sara"
      },
      "expansion": "更 (sara, “again, more”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連用形",
        "3": "",
        "4": "continuative or stem form",
        "tr": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "来る",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to come",
        "tr": "kuru"
      },
      "expansion": "来る (kuru, “to come”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "来",
        "3": "",
        "4": "coming",
        "pos": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">来る</i> (kuru, “to come”)",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "来 (ki, “coming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 来る (kuru, “to come”))",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "生",
        "3": "",
        "4": "live; life",
        "pos": "short for iki",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "生 (ki, “live; life”, short for iki)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "更",
        "3": "",
        "4": "again, more",
        "tr": "sara"
      },
      "expansion": "更 (sara, “again, more”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連用形",
        "3": "",
        "4": "continuative or stem form",
        "tr": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "来る",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to come",
        "tr": "kuru"
      },
      "expansion": "来る (kuru, “to come”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "来",
        "3": "",
        "4": "coming",
        "pos": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">来る</i> (kuru, “to come”)",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "来 (ki, “coming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 来る (kuru, “to come”))",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "겨울",
        "3": "",
        "4": "winter"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 겨울 (gyeoul, “winter”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "겨슬"
      },
      "expansion": "겨슬 (gyeoseul)",
      "name": "ko-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "겨ᅀᆞᆶ",
        "tr": "kyezolh"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Korean 겨ᅀᆞᆶ (kyezolh)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Korean",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "ㅕ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅕ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ㅕ",
        "2": "ye"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅕ (Yale: ye)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "뎔〮",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "뎔〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "절",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "절 (jeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "뎔〮",
        "2": "tyél",
        "ko": "절"
      },
      "expansion": "뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "寺",
        "2": "てら",
        "3": "temple",
        "pos": "borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">뎔〮</i> (Yale: tyél; modern Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">절</i> (jeol))"
      },
      "expansion": "寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol)))",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "셤〯",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "셤〯",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "섬",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "섬 (seom)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "셤〯",
        "2": "syěm",
        "ko": "섬"
      },
      "expansion": "셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "嶋",
        "2": "セマ",
        "linkto": "斯麻",
        "pos": "transliteration of the Baekje word for \"island\", related to <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">셤〯</i> (Yale: syěm; modern Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">섬</i> (seom))"
      },
      "expansion": "嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of the Baekje word for \"island\", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom)))",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "별",
        "2": "star"
      },
      "expansion": "별 (byeol, “star”)",
      "name": "ko-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "倍留",
        "2": "ぺる",
        "linkto": "-",
        "pos": "transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712"
      },
      "expansion": "倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "如月",
        "id": "1,1"
      },
      "expansion": "如月 (MC nyo ngjwot)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Likely from Old Japanese. Attested in a reading annotation to 春分 (\"vernal equinox\") in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE; depending on the manuscript it appears with the unvoiced (or no rendaku) reading キサラキ (kisaraki).\n:\n:自(より)_㆑是(これ)以後(のち)、毎(ごとニ)_㆑當(あたル)_㆓ 季冬(しはすニ)_㆒、必(かならズ)藏(をさム)_㆑氷(こほりヲ)、至(いたリテ)_㆑于(に)_㆓春分(きさらぎ)_㆒、始(はじメテ)散(くばル)_㆑氷也(こほりヲ)。 [Man'yōgana]\n是(これ)より以後(のち)、季冬(しはす)に当(あた)る毎(ごと)に、必(かなら)ず氷(こほり)を蔵(をさ)む、春分(きさらぎ)に至(いた)りて、始(はじ)めて氷(こほり)を散(くば)る。 [Modern spelling]\nKore yori nochi, shiwasu ni ataru goto ni, kanarazu kōri o osamu, kisaragi ni itarite, hajimete kōri o kubaru.\nAfter this, he invariably storages ice every time when the end of winter (the 12th month) comes; When the vernal equinox (the 2nd month) comes, he distributes the ice for the first time.\nThe alternative spelling 衣更着 (and also 更衣 (“change the clothes”)) reflects the derivation from 衣 (kinu, “robes, clothing”) + 更 (sara, “again, more”) + 着 (ki, “wearing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 着る (kiru, “to wear clothing on the upper body”)), first proposed by a poet Fujiwara no Kiyosuke (藤原清輔), in his work Ōgishō, 1144.\nSome sources also note that this spelling only arose in the late Heian period and propose alternative hypotheses including:\n* Compound of 気 (ki, “spirits, mood”) + 更 (sara, “again, more”) + 来 (ki, “coming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 来る (kuru, “to come”)), from the sense of one's mood improving as winter comes to a close.\n* Compound of 生 (ki, “live; life”, short for iki) + 更 (sara, “again, more”) + 来 (ki, “coming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 来る (kuru, “to come”)), from the sense of plants putting forth new shoots.\n* James Marshall Unger suggests that this may ultimately be cognate with modern Korean 겨울 (gyeoul, “winter”). Compare obsolete or dialectal form 겨슬 (gyeoseul), and Middle Korean 겨ᅀᆞᆶ (kyezolh). In this hypothesis, the /o/ in the Middle Korean is potentially problematic, but Unger views the final /-lh/ as a good match for the final /-raɡi/ in the Japanese. However this theory is unreasonable for the following reasons:\n** The 2nd month of East Asian lunar calendar is when the vernal equinox occurs, or the middle month of spring, which is never considered as winter.\n** Vowel ㅕ (Yale: ye) of Koreanic is consistently transcribed in in Japanese, until its pronunciation changed to [jʌ̹] as the standard Korean in the early modern times (cf. 寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))), 嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of the Baekje word for \"island\", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))), 倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712) ).\nThe spelling 如月 itself is borrowed from Middle Chinese 如月 (MC nyo ngjwot).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "如月",
      "head_nr": 1,
      "ruby": [
        [
          "如月",
          "きさらぎ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kisaragi",
      "head_nr": 1,
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "きさらぎ"
      },
      "expansion": "如月(きさらぎ) • (kisaragi)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with archaic senses",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the second month of the lunar calendar"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "second",
          "second"
        ],
        [
          "month",
          "month"
        ],
        [
          "lunar calendar",
          "lunar calendar"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) the second month of the lunar calendar"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese poetic terms",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "February"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "February",
          "February"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) February"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "きさらぎ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʲi̥sa̠ɾa̠ɡʲi]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Emperor Nintoku",
    "Fujiwara no Kiyosuke",
    "Heian period",
    "James Marshall Unger",
    "Middle Chinese",
    "Nihon Shoki",
    "Wakan Sansai Zue",
    "ja:藤原清輔"
  ],
  "word": "如月"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese compound terms",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "sort": "しょげつ'"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "しょげつ'"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "如",
        "3": "月",
        "sort": "しょげつ'",
        "t1": "resemble, look like",
        "t2": "moon; month",
        "tr1": "jo",
        "tr2": "getsu"
      },
      "expansion": "如 (jo, “resemble, look like”) + 月 (getsu, “moon; month”)",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Appears to be coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived roots, as a compound of 如 (jo, “resemble, look like”) + 月 (getsu, “moon; month”).\nFirst cited with this reading to a text from 1559.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "如月",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "如",
          "じょ"
        ],
        [
          "月",
          "げつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jogetsu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "じょげつ"
      },
      "expansion": "如(じょ)月(げつ) • (jogetsu)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with archaic senses",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the second month of the lunar calendar"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "second",
          "second"
        ],
        [
          "month",
          "month"
        ],
        [
          "lunar calendar",
          "lunar calendar"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) the second month of the lunar calendar"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "じょげつ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡ʑo̞ɡe̞t͡sɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "如月"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "如月"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "如月",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
  "msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, 如月/Japanese",
  "path": [
    "如月"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "如月",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "如月"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "如月",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.