See 奈良 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Nara uchiwa",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"団扇",
"うちわ"
]
],
"word": "奈良団扇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Nara Ehon",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"絵",
"え"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
]
],
"word": "奈良絵本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara ittōbori",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"一",
"いっ"
],
[
"刀",
"とう"
],
[
"彫",
"ぼり"
]
],
"word": "奈良一刀彫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara kaidō",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"街",
"かい"
],
[
"道",
"どう"
]
],
"word": "奈良街道"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "naragatana",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"刀",
"がたな"
]
],
"word": "奈良刀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Nara-ken",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"県",
"けん"
]
],
"word": "奈良県"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara Kōen",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"公",
"こう"
],
[
"園",
"えん"
]
],
"word": "奈良公園"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara kongō",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"金",
"こん"
],
[
"剛",
"ごう"
]
],
"word": "奈良金剛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Narazaka",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"坂",
"ざか"
]
],
"word": "奈良坂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara-zake",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"酒",
"ざけ"
]
],
"word": "奈良酒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara-zarashi",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"晒",
"ざらし"
]
],
"word": "奈良晒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Nara Sansaku",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"作",
"さく"
]
],
"word": "奈良三作"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Nara jidai",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"時",
"じ"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
]
],
"word": "奈良時代"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara-sen",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"線",
"せん"
]
],
"word": "奈良線"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara zōri",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"草履",
"ぞうり"
]
],
"word": "奈良草履"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Nara daishu",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"大",
"だい"
],
[
"衆",
"しゅ"
]
],
"word": "奈良大衆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara-cha",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"茶",
"ちゃ"
]
],
"word": "奈良茶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Nara chameshi",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"茶",
"ちゃ"
],
[
"飯",
"めし"
]
],
"word": "奈良茶飯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Nara chawan",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"茶",
"ちゃ"
],
[
"碗",
"わん"
]
],
"word": "奈良茶碗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara-chō",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"朝",
"ちょう"
]
],
"word": "奈良朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "narazuke",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"漬",
"づ"
]
],
"word": "奈良漬け"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara ningyō",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
],
[
"形",
"ぎょう"
]
],
"word": "奈良人形"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Nara no Daibutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"大",
"だい"
],
[
"仏",
"ぶつ"
]
],
"word": "奈良の大仏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Nara no miyako",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"都",
"みやこ"
]
],
"word": "奈良の都"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara-ha",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"派",
"は"
]
],
"word": "奈良派"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Nara-ban",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"版",
"ばん"
]
],
"word": "奈良版"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara bugyō",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"奉",
"ぶ"
],
[
"行",
"ぎょう"
]
],
"word": "奈良奉行"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara-buro",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"風炉",
"ぶろ"
]
],
"word": "奈良風炉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara hōshi",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"法",
"ほう"
],
[
"師",
"し"
]
],
"word": "奈良法師"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Nara bonchi",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"盆",
"ぼん"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
]
],
"word": "奈良盆地"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "narabori",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"彫",
"ぼり"
]
],
"word": "奈良彫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "naramono",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
]
],
"word": "奈良物"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Nara-yama",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"山",
"やま"
]
],
"word": "奈良山"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "奈良"
},
"expansion": "なら",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ateji (当て字)",
"name": "ateji"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "奈羅"
},
"expansion": "奈羅",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "那羅"
},
"expansion": "那羅",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "儺羅"
},
"expansion": "儺羅",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "名良"
},
"expansion": "名良",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "奈良"
},
"expansion": "奈良",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "那良"
},
"expansion": "那良",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "那楽"
},
"expansion": "那楽",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "寧楽"
},
"expansion": "寧楽",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "平城"
},
"expansion": "平城",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨naraki₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨naraki₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "柳田国男"
},
"expansion": "柳田国男",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "YANAGIDA"
},
"expansion": "YANAGIDA",
"name": "smallcaps"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "古今書院"
},
"expansion": "古今書院",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "城",
"3": "",
"4": "palisade, stronghold, fortress, castle",
"tr": "ki₂ → ki"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 城 (ki₂ → ki, “palisade, stronghold, fortress, castle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Attested from at least the early 700s. The kanji are ateji (当て字).\nVarious ancient spellings suggest forms ending in -ku or -ki. This latter element is not attested past the Old Japanese stage:\n 奈羅, 那羅, 楢, 儺羅\n名良, 奈良, 那良\n那楽, 寧楽\n平城\n →\n ⟨nara⟩\n ⟨nara⟩\n ⟨naraku⟩\n ⟨naraki₂⟩\n →\n /nara/\n */naraᵑ/\n */narakʉ/\n */narakɨ/\n → /nara/\nAccording to the Nihon Shoki (720 CE), the placename is derived from the Japanese verb 均す, 平す (narasu, “to flatten”). In The Study of Place Names, Kunio Yanagida stated, “Nara stands for ‘flatland’.”\nHowever, an analysis of Old Japanese phonetic spellings (man'yōgana) reveals that the city name was often spelled with a final -ku or -ki element, which makes it phonologically unlikely that the city name derives directly from the verb narasu. The root from which the verb itself derives, nar-, appears in various terms related to “flat” or “flatness”, a fitting descriptor for the local geography. The final -ku or -ki element in the ancient spellings may be Old Japanese 城 (ki₂ → ki, “palisade, stronghold, fortress, castle”), as also suggested in the alternative kanji spelling 平城 (literally “flat stronghold”). See also the discussion of the city name's etymology on Wikipedia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "奈良",
"ruby": [
[
"奈",
"な"
],
[
"良",
"ら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Nara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "なら"
},
"expansion": "奈(な)良(ら) • (Nara)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Heijō-kyō",
"ruby": [
[
"平",
"へい"
],
[
"城",
"じょう"
],
[
"京",
"きょう"
]
],
"word": "平城京"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "aoni yoshi",
"word": "青丹よし"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pillow word alluding to Nara"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Nara-ken): Nara (a prefecture of Japan)",
"word": "奈良県"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Nara Prefecture",
"orig": "ja:Nara Prefecture",
"parents": [
"Prefectures of Japan",
"Prefectures",
"Places",
"Political subdivisions",
"Names",
"Polities",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Places in Japan",
"orig": "ja:Places in Japan",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Prefectures of Japan",
"orig": "ja:Prefectures of Japan",
"parents": [
"Prefectures",
"Places",
"Political subdivisions",
"Names",
"Polities",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "21 20 26 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 21 27 26 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 46 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 52 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 51 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 52 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a placename, especially:",
"Short for 奈良県 (Nara-ken): Nara (a prefecture of Japan)"
],
"id": "en-奈良-ja-name-ilxcDXzr",
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"奈良県",
"奈良県#Japanese"
],
[
"Nara",
"Nara#English"
],
[
"prefecture",
"prefecture"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Nara-shi): Nara (the capital city of Nara Prefecture)",
"word": "奈良市"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Cities in Japan",
"orig": "ja:Cities in Japan",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Cities in Nara Prefecture",
"orig": "ja:Cities in Nara Prefecture",
"parents": [
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],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Places in Japan",
"orig": "ja:Places in Japan",
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},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Places in Nara Prefecture",
"orig": "ja:Places in Nara Prefecture",
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"Names",
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],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Prefectural capitals of Japan",
"orig": "ja:Prefectural capitals of Japan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "21 20 26 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 21 27 26 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 46 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 52 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 51 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 52 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a placename, especially:",
"Short for 奈良市 (Nara-shi): Nara (the capital city of Nara Prefecture)"
],
"id": "en-奈良-ja-name-XN~HYdkz",
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"奈良市",
"奈良市#Japanese"
],
[
"Nara",
"Nara#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-奈良-ja-name-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なら"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠ɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Emperor Sujin",
"Nara",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki",
"ja:奈良",
"man'yōgana"
],
"word": "奈良"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with ateji",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Nara uchiwa",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"団扇",
"うちわ"
]
],
"word": "奈良団扇"
},
{
"english": "Nara Ehon",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"絵",
"え"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
]
],
"word": "奈良絵本"
},
{
"roman": "Nara ittōbori",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"一",
"いっ"
],
[
"刀",
"とう"
],
[
"彫",
"ぼり"
]
],
"word": "奈良一刀彫"
},
{
"roman": "Nara kaidō",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"街",
"かい"
],
[
"道",
"どう"
]
],
"word": "奈良街道"
},
{
"roman": "naragatana",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"刀",
"がたな"
]
],
"word": "奈良刀"
},
{
"english": "Nara-ken",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"県",
"けん"
]
],
"word": "奈良県"
},
{
"roman": "Nara Kōen",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"公",
"こう"
],
[
"園",
"えん"
]
],
"word": "奈良公園"
},
{
"roman": "Nara kongō",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"金",
"こん"
],
[
"剛",
"ごう"
]
],
"word": "奈良金剛"
},
{
"roman": "Narazaka",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"坂",
"ざか"
]
],
"word": "奈良坂"
},
{
"roman": "Nara-zake",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"酒",
"ざけ"
]
],
"word": "奈良酒"
},
{
"roman": "Nara-zarashi",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"晒",
"ざらし"
]
],
"word": "奈良晒"
},
{
"english": "Nara Sansaku",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"作",
"さく"
]
],
"word": "奈良三作"
},
{
"english": "Nara jidai",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"時",
"じ"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
]
],
"word": "奈良時代"
},
{
"roman": "Nara-sen",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"線",
"せん"
]
],
"word": "奈良線"
},
{
"roman": "Nara zōri",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"草履",
"ぞうり"
]
],
"word": "奈良草履"
},
{
"english": "Nara daishu",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"大",
"だい"
],
[
"衆",
"しゅ"
]
],
"word": "奈良大衆"
},
{
"roman": "Nara-cha",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"茶",
"ちゃ"
]
],
"word": "奈良茶"
},
{
"english": "Nara chameshi",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"茶",
"ちゃ"
],
[
"飯",
"めし"
]
],
"word": "奈良茶飯"
},
{
"english": "Nara chawan",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"茶",
"ちゃ"
],
[
"碗",
"わん"
]
],
"word": "奈良茶碗"
},
{
"roman": "Nara-chō",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"朝",
"ちょう"
]
],
"word": "奈良朝"
},
{
"roman": "narazuke",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"漬",
"づ"
]
],
"word": "奈良漬け"
},
{
"roman": "Nara ningyō",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
],
[
"形",
"ぎょう"
]
],
"word": "奈良人形"
},
{
"english": "Nara no Daibutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"大",
"だい"
],
[
"仏",
"ぶつ"
]
],
"word": "奈良の大仏"
},
{
"english": "Nara no miyako",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"都",
"みやこ"
]
],
"word": "奈良の都"
},
{
"roman": "Nara-ha",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"派",
"は"
]
],
"word": "奈良派"
},
{
"english": "Nara-ban",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"版",
"ばん"
]
],
"word": "奈良版"
},
{
"roman": "Nara bugyō",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"奉",
"ぶ"
],
[
"行",
"ぎょう"
]
],
"word": "奈良奉行"
},
{
"roman": "Nara-buro",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"風炉",
"ぶろ"
]
],
"word": "奈良風炉"
},
{
"roman": "Nara hōshi",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"法",
"ほう"
],
[
"師",
"し"
]
],
"word": "奈良法師"
},
{
"english": "Nara bonchi",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"盆",
"ぼん"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
]
],
"word": "奈良盆地"
},
{
"roman": "narabori",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"彫",
"ぼり"
]
],
"word": "奈良彫"
},
{
"roman": "naramono",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
]
],
"word": "奈良物"
},
{
"roman": "Nara-yama",
"ruby": [
[
"奈良",
"なら"
],
[
"山",
"やま"
]
],
"word": "奈良山"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "奈良"
},
"expansion": "なら",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ateji (当て字)",
"name": "ateji"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "奈羅"
},
"expansion": "奈羅",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "那羅"
},
"expansion": "那羅",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "儺羅"
},
"expansion": "儺羅",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "名良"
},
"expansion": "名良",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "奈良"
},
"expansion": "奈良",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "那良"
},
"expansion": "那良",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "那楽"
},
"expansion": "那楽",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "寧楽"
},
"expansion": "寧楽",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "平城"
},
"expansion": "平城",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨naraki₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨naraki₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "柳田国男"
},
"expansion": "柳田国男",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "YANAGIDA"
},
"expansion": "YANAGIDA",
"name": "smallcaps"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "古今書院"
},
"expansion": "古今書院",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "城",
"3": "",
"4": "palisade, stronghold, fortress, castle",
"tr": "ki₂ → ki"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 城 (ki₂ → ki, “palisade, stronghold, fortress, castle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Attested from at least the early 700s. The kanji are ateji (当て字).\nVarious ancient spellings suggest forms ending in -ku or -ki. This latter element is not attested past the Old Japanese stage:\n 奈羅, 那羅, 楢, 儺羅\n名良, 奈良, 那良\n那楽, 寧楽\n平城\n →\n ⟨nara⟩\n ⟨nara⟩\n ⟨naraku⟩\n ⟨naraki₂⟩\n →\n /nara/\n */naraᵑ/\n */narakʉ/\n */narakɨ/\n → /nara/\nAccording to the Nihon Shoki (720 CE), the placename is derived from the Japanese verb 均す, 平す (narasu, “to flatten”). In The Study of Place Names, Kunio Yanagida stated, “Nara stands for ‘flatland’.”\nHowever, an analysis of Old Japanese phonetic spellings (man'yōgana) reveals that the city name was often spelled with a final -ku or -ki element, which makes it phonologically unlikely that the city name derives directly from the verb narasu. The root from which the verb itself derives, nar-, appears in various terms related to “flat” or “flatness”, a fitting descriptor for the local geography. The final -ku or -ki element in the ancient spellings may be Old Japanese 城 (ki₂ → ki, “palisade, stronghold, fortress, castle”), as also suggested in the alternative kanji spelling 平城 (literally “flat stronghold”). See also the discussion of the city name's etymology on Wikipedia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "奈良",
"ruby": [
[
"奈",
"な"
],
[
"良",
"ら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Nara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "なら"
},
"expansion": "奈(な)良(ら) • (Nara)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"roman": "Heijō-kyō",
"ruby": [
[
"平",
"へい"
],
[
"城",
"じょう"
],
[
"京",
"きょう"
]
],
"word": "平城京"
},
{
"roman": "aoni yoshi",
"word": "青丹よし"
},
{
"word": "pillow word alluding to Nara"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Nara-ken): Nara (a prefecture of Japan)",
"word": "奈良県"
}
],
"categories": [
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese short forms",
"ja:Nara Prefecture",
"ja:Places in Japan",
"ja:Prefectures of Japan"
],
"glosses": [
"a placename, especially:",
"Short for 奈良県 (Nara-ken): Nara (a prefecture of Japan)"
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"奈良県",
"奈良県#Japanese"
],
[
"Nara",
"Nara#English"
],
[
"prefecture",
"prefecture"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Nara-shi): Nara (the capital city of Nara Prefecture)",
"word": "奈良市"
}
],
"categories": [
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese short forms",
"ja:Cities in Japan",
"ja:Cities in Nara Prefecture",
"ja:Places in Japan",
"ja:Places in Nara Prefecture",
"ja:Prefectural capitals of Japan"
],
"glosses": [
"a placename, especially:",
"Short for 奈良市 (Nara-shi): Nara (the capital city of Nara Prefecture)"
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"奈良市",
"奈良市#Japanese"
],
[
"Nara",
"Nara#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なら"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠ɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Emperor Sujin",
"Nara",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki",
"ja:奈良",
"man'yōgana"
],
"word": "奈良"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 奈良 meaning in Japanese (9.1kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"奈良"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "奈良",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.