See 堅い in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "yawarakai",
"ruby": [
[
"柔",
"やわ"
]
],
"sense": "antonym(s) of “stern”",
"word": "柔らかい"
},
{
"roman": "moroi",
"ruby": [
[
"脆",
"もろ"
]
],
"sense": "antonym(s) of “indestructible”",
"word": "脆い"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "堅",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "堅／坚",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かたい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kata",
"sort": "かたい"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kata",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "This word was derived from ancient Japanese origin かたし (katashi, “hard”) and applied the meaning of Chinese letter 堅／坚 that means keeping its physical shape or behavior by its excellent quality.\nIn turn, from Old Japanese kata, from Proto-Japonic *kata.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "堅い",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "堅く",
"roman": "kataku",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "堅かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "堅く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "堅けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "堅かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "堅くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "堅いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かたいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "katai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "堅くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "堅くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "堅くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "katakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "堅ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かたければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "katakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "堅かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "堅かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "katakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "堅く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "かたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "堅さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "かたさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "katasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かたい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "堅(かた)い • (katai) -i (adverbial 堅(かた)く (kataku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "かた",
"lemma": "堅",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "katai",
"ruby": [
[
"硬",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "硬い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "katai",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "固い"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 27 12 5 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 28 16 3 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
19,
29
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
30,
39
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "She was absolutely determined to get married.",
"roman": "Kanojo no kekkon e no ishi wa katakatta.",
"ruby": [
[
"彼女",
"かのじょ"
],
[
"結婚",
"けっこん"
],
[
"意思",
"いし"
],
[
"堅",
"かた"
]
],
"text": "彼女の結婚への意思は堅かった。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firm, resolute"
],
"id": "en-堅い-ja-adj-0RVS7YQn",
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"resolute",
"resolute"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 43 10 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 27 12 5 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 37 16 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 28 16 3 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
31,
37
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "The behaviour of the priest is honest.",
"roman": "Sono sōryo wa katai okonai o suru.",
"ruby": [
[
"僧侶",
"そうりょ"
],
[
"堅",
"かた"
],
[
"行",
"おこな"
]
],
"text": "その僧侶は堅い行いをする。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"honest, steadfast"
],
"id": "en-堅い-ja-adj-iNNHE8a5",
"links": [
[
"honest",
"honest"
],
[
"steadfast",
"steadfast"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 27 12 5 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 28 16 3 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "Be strict about that…",
"roman": "katai hanashi wa sono hen ni shite…",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"かた"
],
[
"話",
"はなし"
]
],
"text": "堅い話はそのへんにして…",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stern, strict, serious"
],
"id": "en-堅い-ja-adj-~i5Ovzzk",
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"strict",
"strict"
],
[
"serious",
"serious"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0",
"roman": "kibishii",
"ruby": [
[
"厳",
"きび"
]
],
"sense": "stern",
"word": "厳しい"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"english": "It will be safe if you prepare thirty thousand yen.",
"roman": "Sanman en o yōi shiteokeba katai.",
"ruby": [
[
"三万",
"さんまん"
],
[
"円",
"えん"
],
[
"用意",
"ようい"
],
[
"堅",
"かた"
]
],
"text": "三万円を用意しておけば堅い。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"safe"
],
"id": "en-堅い-ja-adj-izNplE3S",
"links": [
[
"safe",
"safe"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"roman": "anzen na",
"ruby": [
[
"安全",
"あんぜん"
]
],
"sense": "safe",
"word": "安全"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 16 4 3 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 27 12 5 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 6 5 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 28 16 3 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 23 10 4 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 1 0 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 1 0 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
27,
41
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
25,
30
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"english": "This door is iron-made and indestructible.",
"roman": "Kono tobira wa tessei de katai.",
"ruby": [
[
"扉",
"とびら"
],
[
"鉄製",
"てっせい"
],
[
"堅",
"かた"
]
],
"text": "この扉は鉄製で堅い。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indestructible, unwreckable"
],
"id": "en-堅い-ja-adj-gaVXoFlM",
"links": [
[
"indestructible",
"indestructible"
],
[
"unwreckable",
"unwreckable"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かたい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ta̠i]"
}
],
"word": "堅い"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "yawarakai",
"ruby": [
[
"柔",
"やわ"
]
],
"sense": "antonym(s) of “stern”",
"word": "柔らかい"
},
{
"roman": "moroi",
"ruby": [
[
"脆",
"もろ"
]
],
"sense": "antonym(s) of “indestructible”",
"word": "脆い"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "堅",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "堅／坚",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かたい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kata",
"sort": "かたい"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kata",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "This word was derived from ancient Japanese origin かたし (katashi, “hard”) and applied the meaning of Chinese letter 堅／坚 that means keeping its physical shape or behavior by its excellent quality.\nIn turn, from Old Japanese kata, from Proto-Japonic *kata.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "堅い",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "堅く",
"roman": "kataku",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "堅かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "堅く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "堅けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "堅かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "堅くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "堅いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かたいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "katai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "堅くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "堅かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "堅くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "堅くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "katakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "堅ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かたければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "katakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "堅かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "堅かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "katakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "堅く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "かたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "堅さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "かたさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "katasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かたい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "堅(かた)い • (katai) -i (adverbial 堅(かた)く (kataku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "かた",
"lemma": "堅",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "katai",
"ruby": [
[
"硬",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "硬い"
},
{
"roman": "katai",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "固い"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
19,
29
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
30,
39
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "She was absolutely determined to get married.",
"roman": "Kanojo no kekkon e no ishi wa katakatta.",
"ruby": [
[
"彼女",
"かのじょ"
],
[
"結婚",
"けっこん"
],
[
"意思",
"いし"
],
[
"堅",
"かた"
]
],
"text": "彼女の結婚への意思は堅かった。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firm, resolute"
],
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"resolute",
"resolute"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
31,
37
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "The behaviour of the priest is honest.",
"roman": "Sono sōryo wa katai okonai o suru.",
"ruby": [
[
"僧侶",
"そうりょ"
],
[
"堅",
"かた"
],
[
"行",
"おこな"
]
],
"text": "その僧侶は堅い行いをする。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"honest, steadfast"
],
"links": [
[
"honest",
"honest"
],
[
"steadfast",
"steadfast"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "Be strict about that…",
"roman": "katai hanashi wa sono hen ni shite…",
"ruby": [
[
"堅",
"かた"
],
[
"話",
"はなし"
]
],
"text": "堅い話はそのへんにして…",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stern, strict, serious"
],
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"strict",
"strict"
],
[
"serious",
"serious"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"english": "It will be safe if you prepare thirty thousand yen.",
"roman": "Sanman en o yōi shiteokeba katai.",
"ruby": [
[
"三万",
"さんまん"
],
[
"円",
"えん"
],
[
"用意",
"ようい"
],
[
"堅",
"かた"
]
],
"text": "三万円を用意しておけば堅い。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"safe"
],
"links": [
[
"safe",
"safe"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
27,
41
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
25,
30
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"english": "This door is iron-made and indestructible.",
"roman": "Kono tobira wa tessei de katai.",
"ruby": [
[
"扉",
"とびら"
],
[
"鉄製",
"てっせい"
],
[
"堅",
"かた"
]
],
"text": "この扉は鉄製で堅い。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indestructible, unwreckable"
],
"links": [
[
"indestructible",
"indestructible"
],
[
"unwreckable",
"unwreckable"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かたい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ta̠i]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kibishii",
"ruby": [
[
"厳",
"きび"
]
],
"sense": "stern",
"word": "厳しい"
},
{
"roman": "anzen na",
"ruby": [
[
"安全",
"あんぜん"
]
],
"sense": "safe",
"word": "安全"
}
],
"word": "堅い"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 堅い meaning in Japanese (10.2kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"堅い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "堅い",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.