See 固い in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 固い meaning in Japanese (8.0kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "yawarakai",
"ruby": [
[
"柔",
"やわ"
]
],
"word": "柔らかい"
},
{
"roman": "yurui",
"ruby": [
[
"緩",
"ゆる"
]
],
"word": "緩い"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "固い",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "固く",
"roman": "kataku",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "固かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "固く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "固い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "固い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "固けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "固かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "固くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "固かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "固くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "固いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かたいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "katai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "固くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "固かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "固くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "固くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "katakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "固ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かたければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "katakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "固かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "固かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "katakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "固く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "かたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "固さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "かたさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "katasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かたい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "固(かた)い • (katai) -i (adverbial 固(かた)く (kataku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "かた",
"lemma": "固",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a hard substance",
"roman": "katai busshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
],
[
"物質",
"ぶっしつ"
]
],
"text": "固い物質"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard"
],
"id": "en-固い-ja-adj-7VRluSIN",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a tight knot",
"roman": "katai musubime",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
],
[
"結",
"むす"
],
[
"目",
"め"
]
],
"text": "固い結び目"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight"
],
"id": "en-固い-ja-adj-kitT6oN-",
"links": [
[
"tight",
"tight"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 67 24 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 78 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 80 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 81 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 81 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a firm belief",
"roman": "katai shinnen",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
],
[
"信念",
"しんねん"
]
],
"text": "固い信念"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong; firm"
],
"id": "en-固い-ja-adj-nRrwNvDX",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a strict rule",
"roman": "katai kisoku",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
],
[
"規則",
"きそく"
]
],
"text": "固い規則"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strict"
],
"id": "en-固い-ja-adj-OjEn9eoC"
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"固",
"かた"
]
],
"text": "あの人は固すぎる\nano hito wa katasugiru\nHe is too straitlaced."
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflexible"
],
"id": "en-固い-ja-adj-9DYdz4kI"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かたい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ta̠i]"
}
],
"word": "固い"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "yawarakai",
"ruby": [
[
"柔",
"やわ"
]
],
"word": "柔らかい"
},
{
"roman": "yurui",
"ruby": [
[
"緩",
"ゆる"
]
],
"word": "緩い"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese い-i adjectives"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "固い",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "固く",
"roman": "kataku",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "固かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "固く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "固い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "固い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "固けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "固かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "katakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "固くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "固かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "固くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "固いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かたいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "katai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "固くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "固かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "固くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "固くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かたくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "katakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "固ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かたければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "katakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "固かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "katakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "固かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かたかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "katakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "固く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "かたく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kataku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "固さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "かたさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "katasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かたい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "固(かた)い • (katai) -i (adverbial 固(かた)く (kataku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "かた",
"lemma": "固",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a hard substance",
"roman": "katai busshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
],
[
"物質",
"ぶっしつ"
]
],
"text": "固い物質"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a tight knot",
"roman": "katai musubime",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
],
[
"結",
"むす"
],
[
"目",
"め"
]
],
"text": "固い結び目"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight"
],
"links": [
[
"tight",
"tight"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a firm belief",
"roman": "katai shinnen",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
],
[
"信念",
"しんねん"
]
],
"text": "固い信念"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong; firm"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a strict rule",
"roman": "katai kisoku",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
],
[
"規則",
"きそく"
]
],
"text": "固い規則"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strict"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"固",
"かた"
]
],
"text": "あの人は固すぎる\nano hito wa katasugiru\nHe is too straitlaced."
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflexible"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かたい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ta̠i]"
}
],
"word": "固い"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"固い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "固い",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.