"もう" meaning in Japanese

See もう in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adverb

IPA: [mo̞ː] Forms: [romanization]
Etymology: Derivation unknown. First attested in 1477, around the Muromachi Period. Historical kana orthography shows that this was originally まう (mau), and Portuguese sources from the late 1500s and early 1600s record this as ⟨mǒ⟩, indicating a pronunciation of /mɔː/ as part of the regular sound shift from /au/ to /oː/. The initial ma is speculatively connected to 今 (ima, ma, “now”). Etymology templates: {{unknown|ja|nocap=1}} unknown, {{ja-r|まう}} まう (mau), {{IPAfont|⟨mǒ⟩}} ⟨mǒ⟩, {{m|ja|もう早||already, so soon|pos=adverb|tr=mōhaya}} もう早 (mōhaya, “already, so soon”, adverb), {{m|ja||北海道方言辞書|Hokkaido Dialect Dictionary|tr=Hokkaidō Hōgen Jisho}} 北海道方言辞書 (Hokkaidō Hōgen Jisho, “Hokkaido Dialect Dictionary”), {{m|ja|今||now|tr=ima, ma}} 今 (ima, ma, “now”) Head templates: {{ja-pos|adverb}} もう • (mō)
  1. already (having reached a certain situation or finished a certain action) Synonyms: 既に, 最早
    Sense id: en-もう-ja-adv-95dt3CVY
  2. already (having reached a certain situation or finished a certain action)
    Used to strengthen one's judgment or emotions; compare English already
    Synonyms: 既に, 最早, 正に
    Sense id: en-もう-ja-adv-pCb2A9BK
  3. already the time to do so; shortly, soon Synonyms: 直に#Etymology 2, 間も無く, やがて
    Sense id: en-もう-ja-adv-a1Msip1x
  4. more, further Synonyms: 更に,
    Sense id: en-もう-ja-adv-9BWgv4nS Categories (other): Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 18 18 1 35 16 13 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 9 9 0 63 13 6 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 17 17 1 35 19 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 18 18 1 33 20 10
  5. (chiefly in the negative) any more, again Tags: in the negative Synonyms: 二度とは
    Sense id: en-もう-ja-adv-NKAKJf4I Categories (other): Japanese negative polarity items
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: いずれ (izure), 直ぐ (sugu), 今にも (ima ni mo), 只今 (tadaima), 日ならず (hi narazu)
Etymology number: 1

Interjection

IPA: [mo̞ː] Forms: [romanization]
Etymology: Derivation unknown. First attested in 1477, around the Muromachi Period. Historical kana orthography shows that this was originally まう (mau), and Portuguese sources from the late 1500s and early 1600s record this as ⟨mǒ⟩, indicating a pronunciation of /mɔː/ as part of the regular sound shift from /au/ to /oː/. The initial ma is speculatively connected to 今 (ima, ma, “now”). Etymology templates: {{unknown|ja|nocap=1}} unknown, {{ja-r|まう}} まう (mau), {{IPAfont|⟨mǒ⟩}} ⟨mǒ⟩, {{m|ja|もう早||already, so soon|pos=adverb|tr=mōhaya}} もう早 (mōhaya, “already, so soon”, adverb), {{m|ja||北海道方言辞書|Hokkaido Dialect Dictionary|tr=Hokkaidō Hōgen Jisho}} 北海道方言辞書 (Hokkaidō Hōgen Jisho, “Hokkaido Dialect Dictionary”), {{m|ja|今||now|tr=ima, ma}} 今 (ima, ma, “now”) Head templates: {{ja-pos|interjection}} もう • (mō)
  1. (colloquial) Used to express frustration against the addressee; jeez; compare use of English already Tags: colloquial Synonyms: もー ()
    Sense id: en-もう-ja-intj-TXiQIZq5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for もう meaning in Japanese (9.3kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "mada",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "未",
          "ま"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "未だ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まう"
      },
      "expansion": "まう (mau)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mǒ⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mǒ⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "もう早",
        "3": "",
        "4": "already, so soon",
        "pos": "adverb",
        "tr": "mōhaya"
      },
      "expansion": "もう早 (mōhaya, “already, so soon”, adverb)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "北海道方言辞書",
        "4": "Hokkaido Dialect Dictionary",
        "tr": "Hokkaidō Hōgen Jisho"
      },
      "expansion": "北海道方言辞書 (Hokkaidō Hōgen Jisho, “Hokkaido Dialect Dictionary”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "今",
        "3": "",
        "4": "now",
        "tr": "ima, ma"
      },
      "expansion": "今 (ima, ma, “now”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derivation unknown. First attested in 1477, around the Muromachi Period.\nHistorical kana orthography shows that this was originally まう (mau), and Portuguese sources from the late 1500s and early 1600s record this as ⟨mǒ⟩, indicating a pronunciation of /mɔː/ as part of the regular sound shift from /au/ to /oː/.\nThe initial ma is speculatively connected to 今 (ima, ma, “now”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "もう • (mō)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adv",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "izure",
      "word": "いずれ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "sugu",
      "word": "直ぐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "ima ni mo",
      "word": "今にも"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tadaima",
      "word": "只今"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hi narazu",
      "word": "日ならず"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He is already here.",
          "roman": "Kare wa mō koko ni kite iru.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼",
              "かれ"
            ],
            [
              "来",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "彼はもうここに来ている。"
        },
        {
          "english": "[You are] not a child any more.",
          "roman": "Mō kodomo de wa nai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "子",
              "こ"
            ],
            [
              "供",
              "ども"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "もう子供ではない。"
        },
        {
          "ruby": [
            [
              "前",
              "まえ"
            ],
            [
              "死",
              "し"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "Fist of the North Star\nお前はもう死んでいる。\nOmae wa mō shinde iru.\nYou are already dead."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "already (having reached a certain situation or finished a certain action)"
      ],
      "id": "en-もう-ja-adv-95dt3CVY",
      "links": [
        [
          "already",
          "already"
        ],
        [
          "reach",
          "reach#English"
        ],
        [
          "situation",
          "situation#English"
        ],
        [
          "finish",
          "finish#English"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "既に"
        },
        {
          "word": "最早"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This is already an undeniable fact!",
          "roman": "Kore wa mō utagau yochi no nai jijitsu da.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "疑",
              "うたが"
            ],
            [
              "余",
              "よ"
            ],
            [
              "地",
              "ち"
            ],
            [
              "事",
              "じ"
            ],
            [
              "実",
              "じつ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "これはもう疑う余地のない事実だ。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "already (having reached a certain situation or finished a certain action)",
        "Used to strengthen one's judgment or emotions; compare English already"
      ],
      "id": "en-もう-ja-adv-pCb2A9BK",
      "links": [
        [
          "already",
          "already"
        ],
        [
          "reach",
          "reach#English"
        ],
        [
          "situation",
          "situation#English"
        ],
        [
          "finish",
          "finish#English"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action#English"
        ],
        [
          "strengthen",
          "strengthen#English"
        ],
        [
          "judgment",
          "judgment#English"
        ],
        [
          "emotion",
          "emotion#English"
        ],
        [
          "English",
          "w:English language"
        ],
        [
          "already",
          "already#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "既に"
        },
        {
          "word": "最早"
        },
        {
          "word": "正に"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It's nine o'clock so I must leave shortly.",
          "roman": "Ku-ji desu kara mō shitsurei shimasu.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "9",
              "く"
            ],
            [
              "時",
              "じ"
            ],
            [
              "失",
              "しつ"
            ],
            [
              "礼",
              "れい"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "9時ですからもう失礼します。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "already the time to do so; shortly, soon"
      ],
      "id": "en-もう-ja-adv-a1Msip1x",
      "links": [
        [
          "already",
          "already"
        ],
        [
          "shortly",
          "shortly"
        ],
        [
          "soon",
          "soon"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "直に#Etymology 2"
        },
        {
          "word": "間も無く"
        },
        {
          "word": "やがて"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 1 35 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 0 63 13 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 1 35 19 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 1 33 20 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Give me one more glass.",
          "roman": "Mō ippai kudasai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "一",
              "いっ"
            ],
            [
              "杯",
              "ぱい"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "もう一杯ください。"
        },
        {
          "ruby": [
            [
              "不思議",
              "ふしぎ"
            ],
            [
              "国",
              "くに"
            ],
            [
              "北",
              "ほっ"
            ],
            [
              "海",
              "かい"
            ],
            [
              "道",
              "どう"
            ],
            [
              "住",
              "じゅう"
            ],
            [
              "人",
              "にん"
            ],
            [
              "半",
              "はん"
            ],
            [
              "分",
              "ぶん"
            ],
            [
              "半",
              "はん"
            ],
            [
              "分",
              "ぶん"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "2005, ラーメンズ (Rāmenzu) [Rahmens], 不思議の国のニポン (Fushigi no kuni no Nipon), in ALICE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enoUCj-WNCI\n北海道。住人の半分がクマ。もう半分がカニ。\nHokkaidō. Jūnin no hanbun ga kuma. Mō hanbun ga kani.\nHokkaido. Half of its residents are bears. The other half are crabs."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "more, further"
      ],
      "id": "en-もう-ja-adv-9BWgv4nS",
      "links": [
        [
          "more",
          "more"
        ],
        [
          "further",
          "further"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "更に"
        },
        {
          "word": "今"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese negative polarity items",
          "parents": [
            "Negative polarity items",
            "Terms by semantic function"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I can't walk any more.",
          "roman": "Watashi wa mō arukenai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "私",
              "わたし"
            ],
            [
              "歩",
              "ある"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "私はもう歩けない。"
        },
        {
          "english": "Please forgive me, I won't do it again.",
          "roman": "Mō shimasen kara yurushite kudasai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "許",
              "ゆる"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "もうしませんから許してください。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "any more, again"
      ],
      "id": "en-もう-ja-adv-NKAKJf4I",
      "links": [
        [
          "any more",
          "any more"
        ],
        [
          "again",
          "again"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly in the negative) any more, again"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "二度とは"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in the negative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "もー"
    },
    {
      "other": "もー"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[mo̞ː]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Historical kana orthography",
    "Muromachi Period"
  ],
  "word": "もう"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まう"
      },
      "expansion": "まう (mau)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mǒ⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mǒ⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "もう早",
        "3": "",
        "4": "already, so soon",
        "pos": "adverb",
        "tr": "mōhaya"
      },
      "expansion": "もう早 (mōhaya, “already, so soon”, adverb)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "北海道方言辞書",
        "4": "Hokkaido Dialect Dictionary",
        "tr": "Hokkaidō Hōgen Jisho"
      },
      "expansion": "北海道方言辞書 (Hokkaidō Hōgen Jisho, “Hokkaido Dialect Dictionary”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "今",
        "3": "",
        "4": "now",
        "tr": "ima, ma"
      },
      "expansion": "今 (ima, ma, “now”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derivation unknown. First attested in 1477, around the Muromachi Period.\nHistorical kana orthography shows that this was originally まう (mau), and Portuguese sources from the late 1500s and early 1600s record this as ⟨mǒ⟩, indicating a pronunciation of /mɔː/ as part of the regular sound shift from /au/ to /oː/.\nThe initial ma is speculatively connected to 今 (ima, ma, “now”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "interjection"
      },
      "expansion": "もう • (mō)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ruby": [
            [
              "何",
              "なに"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "もう、何やってんだよ。\nMō, nani yatte n da yo.\nJeez, what're you up to? → Whaddya doing, already?"
        },
        {
          "english": "I'm getting so fed up, already!",
          "roman": "Iya ni natchau nā, mō.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "嫌",
              "いや"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "嫌になっちゃうなあ、もう。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to express frustration against the addressee; jeez; compare use of English already"
      ],
      "id": "en-もう-ja-intj-TXiQIZq5",
      "links": [
        [
          "frustration",
          "frustration#English"
        ],
        [
          "addressee",
          "addressee#English"
        ],
        [
          "jeez",
          "jeez"
        ],
        [
          "already",
          "already#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) Used to express frustration against the addressee; jeez; compare use of English already"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "mō",
          "word": "もー"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "もー"
    },
    {
      "other": "もー"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[mo̞ː]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Historical kana orthography",
    "Muromachi Period"
  ],
  "word": "もう"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "mada",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "未",
          "ま"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "未だ"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Japanese adverbs",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まう"
      },
      "expansion": "まう (mau)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mǒ⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mǒ⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "もう早",
        "3": "",
        "4": "already, so soon",
        "pos": "adverb",
        "tr": "mōhaya"
      },
      "expansion": "もう早 (mōhaya, “already, so soon”, adverb)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "北海道方言辞書",
        "4": "Hokkaido Dialect Dictionary",
        "tr": "Hokkaidō Hōgen Jisho"
      },
      "expansion": "北海道方言辞書 (Hokkaidō Hōgen Jisho, “Hokkaido Dialect Dictionary”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "今",
        "3": "",
        "4": "now",
        "tr": "ima, ma"
      },
      "expansion": "今 (ima, ma, “now”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derivation unknown. First attested in 1477, around the Muromachi Period.\nHistorical kana orthography shows that this was originally まう (mau), and Portuguese sources from the late 1500s and early 1600s record this as ⟨mǒ⟩, indicating a pronunciation of /mɔː/ as part of the regular sound shift from /au/ to /oː/.\nThe initial ma is speculatively connected to 今 (ima, ma, “now”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "もう • (mō)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adv",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "izure",
      "word": "いずれ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sugu",
      "word": "直ぐ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ima ni mo",
      "word": "今にも"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tadaima",
      "word": "只今"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hi narazu",
      "word": "日ならず"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He is already here.",
          "roman": "Kare wa mō koko ni kite iru.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼",
              "かれ"
            ],
            [
              "来",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "彼はもうここに来ている。"
        },
        {
          "english": "[You are] not a child any more.",
          "roman": "Mō kodomo de wa nai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "子",
              "こ"
            ],
            [
              "供",
              "ども"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "もう子供ではない。"
        },
        {
          "ruby": [
            [
              "前",
              "まえ"
            ],
            [
              "死",
              "し"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "Fist of the North Star\nお前はもう死んでいる。\nOmae wa mō shinde iru.\nYou are already dead."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "already (having reached a certain situation or finished a certain action)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "already",
          "already"
        ],
        [
          "reach",
          "reach#English"
        ],
        [
          "situation",
          "situation#English"
        ],
        [
          "finish",
          "finish#English"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "既に"
        },
        {
          "word": "最早"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This is already an undeniable fact!",
          "roman": "Kore wa mō utagau yochi no nai jijitsu da.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "疑",
              "うたが"
            ],
            [
              "余",
              "よ"
            ],
            [
              "地",
              "ち"
            ],
            [
              "事",
              "じ"
            ],
            [
              "実",
              "じつ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "これはもう疑う余地のない事実だ。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "already (having reached a certain situation or finished a certain action)",
        "Used to strengthen one's judgment or emotions; compare English already"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "already",
          "already"
        ],
        [
          "reach",
          "reach#English"
        ],
        [
          "situation",
          "situation#English"
        ],
        [
          "finish",
          "finish#English"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action#English"
        ],
        [
          "strengthen",
          "strengthen#English"
        ],
        [
          "judgment",
          "judgment#English"
        ],
        [
          "emotion",
          "emotion#English"
        ],
        [
          "English",
          "w:English language"
        ],
        [
          "already",
          "already#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "既に"
        },
        {
          "word": "最早"
        },
        {
          "word": "正に"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It's nine o'clock so I must leave shortly.",
          "roman": "Ku-ji desu kara mō shitsurei shimasu.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "9",
              "く"
            ],
            [
              "時",
              "じ"
            ],
            [
              "失",
              "しつ"
            ],
            [
              "礼",
              "れい"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "9時ですからもう失礼します。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "already the time to do so; shortly, soon"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "already",
          "already"
        ],
        [
          "shortly",
          "shortly"
        ],
        [
          "soon",
          "soon"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "直に#Etymology 2"
        },
        {
          "word": "間も無く"
        },
        {
          "word": "やがて"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Give me one more glass.",
          "roman": "Mō ippai kudasai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "一",
              "いっ"
            ],
            [
              "杯",
              "ぱい"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "もう一杯ください。"
        },
        {
          "ruby": [
            [
              "不思議",
              "ふしぎ"
            ],
            [
              "国",
              "くに"
            ],
            [
              "北",
              "ほっ"
            ],
            [
              "海",
              "かい"
            ],
            [
              "道",
              "どう"
            ],
            [
              "住",
              "じゅう"
            ],
            [
              "人",
              "にん"
            ],
            [
              "半",
              "はん"
            ],
            [
              "分",
              "ぶん"
            ],
            [
              "半",
              "はん"
            ],
            [
              "分",
              "ぶん"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "2005, ラーメンズ (Rāmenzu) [Rahmens], 不思議の国のニポン (Fushigi no kuni no Nipon), in ALICE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enoUCj-WNCI\n北海道。住人の半分がクマ。もう半分がカニ。\nHokkaidō. Jūnin no hanbun ga kuma. Mō hanbun ga kani.\nHokkaido. Half of its residents are bears. The other half are crabs."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "more, further"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "more",
          "more"
        ],
        [
          "further",
          "further"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "更に"
        },
        {
          "word": "今"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese negative polarity items",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I can't walk any more.",
          "roman": "Watashi wa mō arukenai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "私",
              "わたし"
            ],
            [
              "歩",
              "ある"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "私はもう歩けない。"
        },
        {
          "english": "Please forgive me, I won't do it again.",
          "roman": "Mō shimasen kara yurushite kudasai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "許",
              "ゆる"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "もうしませんから許してください。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "any more, again"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "any more",
          "any more"
        ],
        [
          "again",
          "again"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly in the negative) any more, again"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "二度とは"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in the negative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "もー"
    },
    {
      "other": "もー"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[mo̞ː]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Historical kana orthography",
    "Muromachi Period"
  ],
  "word": "もう"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese interjections",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まう"
      },
      "expansion": "まう (mau)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨mǒ⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨mǒ⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "もう早",
        "3": "",
        "4": "already, so soon",
        "pos": "adverb",
        "tr": "mōhaya"
      },
      "expansion": "もう早 (mōhaya, “already, so soon”, adverb)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "北海道方言辞書",
        "4": "Hokkaido Dialect Dictionary",
        "tr": "Hokkaidō Hōgen Jisho"
      },
      "expansion": "北海道方言辞書 (Hokkaidō Hōgen Jisho, “Hokkaido Dialect Dictionary”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "今",
        "3": "",
        "4": "now",
        "tr": "ima, ma"
      },
      "expansion": "今 (ima, ma, “now”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derivation unknown. First attested in 1477, around the Muromachi Period.\nHistorical kana orthography shows that this was originally まう (mau), and Portuguese sources from the late 1500s and early 1600s record this as ⟨mǒ⟩, indicating a pronunciation of /mɔː/ as part of the regular sound shift from /au/ to /oː/.\nThe initial ma is speculatively connected to 今 (ima, ma, “now”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "interjection"
      },
      "expansion": "もう • (mō)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese colloquialisms",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ruby": [
            [
              "何",
              "なに"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "もう、何やってんだよ。\nMō, nani yatte n da yo.\nJeez, what're you up to? → Whaddya doing, already?"
        },
        {
          "english": "I'm getting so fed up, already!",
          "roman": "Iya ni natchau nā, mō.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "嫌",
              "いや"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "嫌になっちゃうなあ、もう。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to express frustration against the addressee; jeez; compare use of English already"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frustration",
          "frustration#English"
        ],
        [
          "addressee",
          "addressee#English"
        ],
        [
          "jeez",
          "jeez"
        ],
        [
          "already",
          "already#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) Used to express frustration against the addressee; jeez; compare use of English already"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "もー"
    },
    {
      "other": "もー"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[mo̞ː]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "mō",
      "word": "もー"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Historical kana orthography",
    "Muromachi Period"
  ],
  "word": "もう"
}

{
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "soft-redirect",
  "redirects": [
    "亡",
    "望",
    "妄",
    "朦",
    "濛",
    "猛",
    "申",
    "盲",
    "網",
    "罔",
    "毛",
    "耗",
    "莽",
    "蒙",
    "舞",
    "孟"
  ],
  "word": "もう"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.