See ずる in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "zuru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "じ",
"roman": "ji",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "じた",
"roman": "jita",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "じ・ぜ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ji ze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "じ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "zuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ずれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "zure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "じろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "zeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "jiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "じられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "jirareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "zerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "じさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "じさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "jisaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "jisasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "じられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "jirareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "zerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "じよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "jiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "じない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "jinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "zezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "じます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "jimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "じた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "jita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "じて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "jite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "じれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ずれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "jireba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "zureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "じ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "zu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ずれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "zezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "zuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ずれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "zureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "zeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "じき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ziki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "じけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "じつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "zitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "じぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "zinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "じたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "zeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "zitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "zemu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"type": "suru"
},
"expansion": "ずる • (zuru) suru (stem じ (ji), past じた (jita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "irreg-s-z"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to feel",
"roman": "kan-zuru",
"ruby": [
[
"感",
"かん"
]
],
"text": "感ずる"
},
{
"english": "to do something before others; to precede",
"roman": "sakin-zuru",
"ruby": [
[
"先",
"さき"
]
],
"text": "先んずる"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rendaku form of する (suru)"
],
"id": "en-ずる-ja-verb-MEjx1YNM",
"links": [
[
"Rendaku",
"rendaku"
],
[
"する",
"する#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only in compounds, no longer productive) Rendaku form of する (suru)"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"word": "ずる"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"狡"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-ずる-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "ずる"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "zuru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "じ",
"roman": "ji",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "じた",
"roman": "jita",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "じ・ぜ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ji ze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "じ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "zuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ずれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "zure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "じろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "zeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "jiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "じられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "jirareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "zerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "じさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "じさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "jisaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "jisasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "じられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "jirareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "zerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "じよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "jiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "じない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "jinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "zezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "じます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "jimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "じた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "jita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "じて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "jite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "じれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ずれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "jireba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "zureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "じ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "zu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ずれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "zezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ずれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "zuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ずれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "zureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "zeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "じき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ziki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "じけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "じつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "zitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "じぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "zinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "じたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "zeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "zitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ぜむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "zemu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"type": "suru"
},
"expansion": "ずる • (zuru) suru (stem じ (ji), past じた (jita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "irreg-s-z"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to feel",
"roman": "kan-zuru",
"ruby": [
[
"感",
"かん"
]
],
"text": "感ずる"
},
{
"english": "to do something before others; to precede",
"roman": "sakin-zuru",
"ruby": [
[
"先",
"さき"
]
],
"text": "先んずる"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rendaku form of する (suru)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rendaku",
"rendaku"
],
[
"する",
"する#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only in compounds, no longer productive) Rendaku form of する (suru)"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"word": "ずる"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"狡"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "ずる"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ずる meaning in Japanese (7.2kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ずる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ずる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"ずる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ずる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"ずる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ずる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"ずる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ずる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"ずる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ずる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"ずる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ずる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"ずる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ずる",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.