See おっかない in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "おっかながる",
"2": "",
"3": "to be afraid, be nervous"
},
"expansion": "おっかながる (okkanagaru, “to be afraid, be nervous”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Perhaps from archaic おおけなし (ookenashi, “impudent, undisciplined”). Alternately, perhaps from おっかながる (okkanagaru, “to be afraid, be nervous”). The Linguistic Atlas of Japan suggested that the word was once common in the Tōhoku and Kantō regions, but it became increasingly colloquial or intimate during the early modern period (c. 17th to 19th century).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "okkanai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなく",
"roman": "okkanaku",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "おっかない • (okkanai) -i (adverbial おっかなく (okkanaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "",
"lemma": "おっかな",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kantō Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tōhoku Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frightening; scary"
],
"id": "en-おっかない-ja-adj-j85KwbYq",
"links": [
[
"frightening",
"frightening"
],
[
"scary",
"scary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, dated, formerly in Tōhoku, Kantō) frightening; scary"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "こわい"
},
{
"word": "恐ろしい"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dated"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"ja:松村明"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "おっかない"
},
{
"ipa": "[o̞k̚ka̠na̠i]"
}
],
"word": "おっかない"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "おっかながる",
"2": "",
"3": "to be afraid, be nervous"
},
"expansion": "おっかながる (okkanagaru, “to be afraid, be nervous”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Perhaps from archaic おおけなし (ookenashi, “impudent, undisciplined”). Alternately, perhaps from おっかながる (okkanagaru, “to be afraid, be nervous”). The Linguistic Atlas of Japan suggested that the word was once common in the Tōhoku and Kantō regions, but it became increasingly colloquial or intimate during the early modern period (c. 17th to 19th century).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "okkanai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなく",
"roman": "okkanaku",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "おっかなさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "okkanasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "おっかない • (okkanai) -i (adverbial おっかなく (okkanaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "",
"lemma": "おっかな",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese colloquialisms",
"Japanese dated terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Kantō Japanese",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Tōhoku Japanese"
],
"glosses": [
"frightening; scary"
],
"links": [
[
"frightening",
"frightening"
],
[
"scary",
"scary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, dated, formerly in Tōhoku, Kantō) frightening; scary"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "こわい"
},
{
"word": "恐ろしい"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dated"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"ja:松村明"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "おっかない"
},
{
"ipa": "[o̞k̚ka̠na̠i]"
}
],
"word": "おっかない"
}
Download raw JSONL data for おっかない meaning in Japanese (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"おっかない"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "おっかない",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial, dated, formerly in Tōhoku, Kantō",
"path": [
"おっかない"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "おっかない",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial, dated, formerly in Tōhoku, Kantō",
"path": [
"おっかない"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "おっかない",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial, dated, formerly in Tōhoku, Kantō",
"path": [
"おっかない"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "おっかない",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial, dated, formerly in Tōhoku, Kantō",
"path": [
"おっかない"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "おっかない",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.