See impugnare in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "in-",
"3": "pugno<t:fist>",
"4": "-are"
},
"expansion": "in- + pugno (“fist”) + -are",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "empuñar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish empuñar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "empunhar"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese empunhar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "empunyar"
},
"expansion": "Catalan empunyar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From in- + pugno (“fist”) + -are. Compare Spanish empuñar, Portuguese empunhar, Catalan empunyar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impugnàre",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgno",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnài",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàto",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "it-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàndo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnànte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàvo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàvi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnavàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnavàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàvano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnài",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàsti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàmmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàrono",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerài",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerémo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugneréte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerànno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerèi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerésti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerèbbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerébbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerémmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugneréste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerèbbero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerébbero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàsse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssimo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a/ù"
},
"expansion": "impugnàre (first-person singular present impùgno, first-person singular past historic impugnài, past participle impugnàto, auxiliary avére)",
"name": "it-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"im‧pu‧gnà‧re"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a/ù"
},
"name": "it-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 22 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian terms prefixed with in-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian terms suffixed with -are",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 25 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 23 23 15 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 23 23 15 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to wield the sword",
"text": "impugnare la spada",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to seize, hold, clasp, grasp, grip"
],
"id": "en-impugnare-it-verb-ISbNhZ~j",
"links": [
[
"seize",
"seize"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"clasp",
"clasp"
],
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
],
[
"grip",
"grip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to seize, hold, clasp, grasp, grip"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brandire"
},
{
"word": "stringere"
},
{
"word": "afferrare"
},
{
"word": "abbrancare"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/im.puɲˈɲa.re/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-are"
}
],
"word": "impugnare"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "impugnabile"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "impugnativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "impugnatore"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "impugnatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "impugnazione"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "impugnō",
"4": "impugnāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin impugnāre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin impugnāre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impugnàre",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgno",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnài",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàto",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "it-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàndo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnànte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàvo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàvi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnavàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnavàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàvano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnài",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàsti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàmmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàrono",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerài",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerémo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugneréte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerànno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerèi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerésti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerèbbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerébbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerémmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugneréste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerèbbero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerébbero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàsse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssimo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a/ù"
},
"expansion": "impugnàre (first-person singular present impùgno, first-person singular past historic impugnài, past participle impugnàto, auxiliary avére)",
"name": "it-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"im‧pu‧gnà‧re"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a/ù"
},
"name": "it-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugno"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 22 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 23 23 15 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 23 23 15 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to contest, challenge, impugn"
],
"id": "en-impugnare-it-verb-30H3E01l",
"links": [
[
"contest",
"contest"
],
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
],
[
"impugn",
"impugn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to contest, challenge, impugn"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "it:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "36 22 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 23 23 15 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 23 23 15 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to contest, challenge, impugn",
"to dispute, challenge, or appeal"
],
"id": "en-impugnare-it-verb-ZitFH6C8",
"links": [
[
"contest",
"contest"
],
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
],
[
"impugn",
"impugn"
],
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
],
[
"appeal",
"appeal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to contest, challenge, impugn",
"(law) to dispute, challenge, or appeal"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/im.puɲˈɲa.re/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-are"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "contestare"
}
],
"word": "impugnare"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 4-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms inherited from Latin",
"Italian terms prefixed with in-",
"Italian terms suffixed with -are",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verbs",
"Italian verbs ending in -are",
"Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/are",
"Rhymes:Italian/are/4 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "in-",
"3": "pugno<t:fist>",
"4": "-are"
},
"expansion": "in- + pugno (“fist”) + -are",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "empuñar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish empuñar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "empunhar"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese empunhar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "empunyar"
},
"expansion": "Catalan empunyar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From in- + pugno (“fist”) + -are. Compare Spanish empuñar, Portuguese empunhar, Catalan empunyar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impugnàre",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgno",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnài",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàto",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "it-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàndo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnànte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàvo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàvi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnavàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnavàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàvano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnài",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàsti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàmmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàrono",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerài",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerémo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugneréte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerànno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerèi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerésti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerèbbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerébbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerémmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugneréste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerèbbero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerébbero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàsse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssimo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a/ù"
},
"expansion": "impugnàre (first-person singular present impùgno, first-person singular past historic impugnài, past participle impugnàto, auxiliary avére)",
"name": "it-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"im‧pu‧gnà‧re"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a/ù"
},
"name": "it-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with usage examples",
"Italian transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to wield the sword",
"text": "impugnare la spada",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to seize, hold, clasp, grasp, grip"
],
"links": [
[
"seize",
"seize"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"clasp",
"clasp"
],
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
],
[
"grip",
"grip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to seize, hold, clasp, grasp, grip"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brandire"
},
{
"word": "stringere"
},
{
"word": "afferrare"
},
{
"word": "abbrancare"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/im.puɲˈɲa.re/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-are"
}
],
"word": "impugnare"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 4-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms inherited from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verbs",
"Italian verbs ending in -are",
"Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/are",
"Rhymes:Italian/are/4 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "impugnabile"
},
{
"word": "impugnativo"
},
{
"word": "impugnatore"
},
{
"word": "impugnatura"
},
{
"word": "impugnazione"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "impugnō",
"4": "impugnāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin impugnāre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin impugnāre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impugnàre",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgno",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnài",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàto",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "it-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàndo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnànte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàvo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàvi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnavàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnavàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàvano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnài",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàsti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàmmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàrono",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerài",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerémo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugneréte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerànno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerèi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerésti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerèbbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerébbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerémmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impugneréste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerèbbero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnerébbero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàsse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssimo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàssero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impugniàmo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impugnàte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impùgnino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a/ù"
},
"expansion": "impugnàre (first-person singular present impùgno, first-person singular past historic impugnài, past participle impugnàto, auxiliary avére)",
"name": "it-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"im‧pu‧gnà‧re"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a/ù"
},
"name": "it-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "pugno"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to contest, challenge, impugn"
],
"links": [
[
"contest",
"contest"
],
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
],
[
"impugn",
"impugn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to contest, challenge, impugn"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian transitive verbs",
"it:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"to contest, challenge, impugn",
"to dispute, challenge, or appeal"
],
"links": [
[
"contest",
"contest"
],
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
],
[
"impugn",
"impugn"
],
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
],
[
"appeal",
"appeal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to contest, challenge, impugn",
"(law) to dispute, challenge, or appeal"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/im.puɲˈɲa.re/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-are"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "contestare"
}
],
"word": "impugnare"
}
Download raw JSONL data for impugnare meaning in Italian (17.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Italian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.