"impugnare" meaning in Italian

See impugnare in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /im.puɲˈɲa.re/
Rhymes: -are Etymology: From in- + pugno (“fist”) + -are. Compare Spanish empuñar, Portuguese empunhar, Catalan empunyar. Etymology templates: {{af|it|in-|pugno<t:fist>|-are}} in- + pugno (“fist”) + -are, {{cog|es|empuñar}} Spanish empuñar, {{cog|pt|empunhar}} Portuguese empunhar, {{cog|ca|empunyar}} Catalan empunyar Head templates: {{it-verb|a/ù}} impugnàre (first-person singular present impùgno, first-person singular past historic impugnài, past participle impugnàto, auxiliary avére) Inflection templates: {{it-conj|a/ù}} Forms: impugnàre [canonical], impùgno [first-person, present, singular], impugnài [first-person, historic, past, singular], impugnàto [participle, past], avére [auxiliary], no-table-tags [table-tags], impugnàre [infinitive], avére [auxiliary], impugnàndo [gerund], impugnànte [participle, present], impugnàto [participle, past], impùgno [first-person, indicative, present, singular], impùgni [indicative, present, second-person, singular], impùgna [indicative, present, singular, third-person], impugniàmo [first-person, indicative, plural, present], impugnàte [indicative, plural, present, second-person], impùgnano [indicative, plural, present, third-person], impugnàvo [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], impugnàvi [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], impugnàva [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], impugnavàmo [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], impugnavàte [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], impugnàvano [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], impugnài [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], impugnàsti [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], impugnò [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], impugnàmmo [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], impugnàste [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], impugnàrono [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], impugnerò [first-person, future, indicative, singular], impugnerài [future, indicative, second-person, singular], impugnerà [future, indicative, singular, third-person], impugnerémo [first-person, future, indicative, plural], impugneréte [future, indicative, plural, second-person], impugnerànno [future, indicative, plural, third-person], impugnerèi [conditional, first-person, present, singular], impugnerésti [conditional, present, second-person, singular], impugnerèbbe [conditional, present, singular, third-person], impugnerébbe [conditional, present, singular, third-person], impugnerémmo [conditional, first-person, plural, present], impugneréste [conditional, plural, present, second-person], impugnerèbbero [conditional, plural, present, third-person], impugnerébbero [conditional, plural, present, third-person], impùgni [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], impùgni [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], impùgni [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], impugniàmo [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], impugniàte [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], impùgnino [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], impugnàssi [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], impugnàssi [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], impugnàsse [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], impugnàssimo [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], impugnàste [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], impugnàssero [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], impùgna [imperative, second-person, singular], impùgni [formal, imperative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], impugniàmo [first-person, imperative, plural], impugnàte [imperative, plural, second-person], impùgnino [formal, imperative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person], impugnàre [imperative, negative, second-person, singular], impùgni [formal, imperative, negative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], impugniàmo [first-person, imperative, negative, plural], impugnàte [imperative, negative, plural, second-person], impùgnino [formal, imperative, negative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person]
  1. (transitive) to seize, hold, clasp, grasp, grip Tags: transitive Synonyms: brandire, stringere, afferrare, abbrancare
    Sense id: en-impugnare-it-verb-ISbNhZ~j Categories (other): Italian terms prefixed with in-, Italian terms suffixed with -are, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 39 29 32
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /im.puɲˈɲa.re/
Rhymes: -are Etymology: From Latin impugnāre. Etymology templates: {{inh|it|la|impugnō|impugnāre}} Latin impugnāre Head templates: {{it-verb|a/ù}} impugnàre (first-person singular present impùgno, first-person singular past historic impugnài, past participle impugnàto, auxiliary avére) Inflection templates: {{it-conj|a/ù}} Forms: impugnàre [canonical], impùgno [first-person, present, singular], impugnài [first-person, historic, past, singular], impugnàto [participle, past], avére [auxiliary], no-table-tags [table-tags], impugnàre [infinitive], avére [auxiliary], impugnàndo [gerund], impugnànte [participle, present], impugnàto [participle, past], impùgno [first-person, indicative, present, singular], impùgni [indicative, present, second-person, singular], impùgna [indicative, present, singular, third-person], impugniàmo [first-person, indicative, plural, present], impugnàte [indicative, plural, present, second-person], impùgnano [indicative, plural, present, third-person], impugnàvo [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], impugnàvi [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], impugnàva [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], impugnavàmo [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], impugnavàte [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], impugnàvano [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], impugnài [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], impugnàsti [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], impugnò [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], impugnàmmo [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], impugnàste [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], impugnàrono [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], impugnerò [first-person, future, indicative, singular], impugnerài [future, indicative, second-person, singular], impugnerà [future, indicative, singular, third-person], impugnerémo [first-person, future, indicative, plural], impugneréte [future, indicative, plural, second-person], impugnerànno [future, indicative, plural, third-person], impugnerèi [conditional, first-person, present, singular], impugnerésti [conditional, present, second-person, singular], impugnerèbbe [conditional, present, singular, third-person], impugnerébbe [conditional, present, singular, third-person], impugnerémmo [conditional, first-person, plural, present], impugneréste [conditional, plural, present, second-person], impugnerèbbero [conditional, plural, present, third-person], impugnerébbero [conditional, plural, present, third-person], impùgni [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], impùgni [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], impùgni [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], impugniàmo [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], impugniàte [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], impùgnino [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], impugnàssi [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], impugnàssi [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], impugnàsse [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], impugnàssimo [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], impugnàste [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], impugnàssero [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], impùgna [imperative, second-person, singular], impùgni [formal, imperative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], impugniàmo [first-person, imperative, plural], impugnàte [imperative, plural, second-person], impùgnino [formal, imperative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person], impugnàre [imperative, negative, second-person, singular], impùgni [formal, imperative, negative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], impugniàmo [first-person, imperative, negative, plural], impugnàte [imperative, negative, plural, second-person], impùgnino [formal, imperative, negative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person]
  1. (transitive) to contest, challenge, impugn Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-impugnare-it-verb-30H3E01l Categories (other): Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 39 29 32
  2. (transitive) to contest, challenge, impugn
    (law) to dispute, challenge, or appeal     Tags: transitive Categories (topical): Law
    Sense id: en-impugnare-it-verb-ZitFH6C8 Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header, Italian links with redundant wikilinks, Italian verbs ending in -are, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 29 29 42 Disambiguation of Italian links with redundant wikilinks: 17 17 66 Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 27 28 45 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 39 29 32 Topics: law
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: contestare Derived forms: impugnabile, impugnativo, impugnatore, impugnatura, impugnazione Related terms: pugno
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for impugnare meaning in Italian (18.3kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "in-",
        "3": "pugno<t:fist>",
        "4": "-are"
      },
      "expansion": "in- + pugno (“fist”) + -are",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "empuñar"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish empuñar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "empunhar"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese empunhar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "empunyar"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan empunyar",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From in- + pugno (“fist”) + -are. Compare Spanish empuñar, Portuguese empunhar, Catalan empunyar.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "impugnàre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgno",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnài",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàto",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "it-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàndo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnànte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàvo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnavàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnavàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàvano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàmmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàrono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerémo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugneréte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerànno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerèi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerèbbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerébbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugneréste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerèbbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerébbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssimo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/ù"
      },
      "expansion": "impugnàre (first-person singular present impùgno, first-person singular past historic impugnài, past participle impugnàto, auxiliary avére)",
      "name": "it-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "im‧pu‧gnà‧re"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/ù"
      },
      "name": "it-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian terms prefixed with in-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian terms suffixed with -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 29 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to wield the sword",
          "text": "impugnare la spada",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to seize, hold, clasp, grasp, grip"
      ],
      "id": "en-impugnare-it-verb-ISbNhZ~j",
      "links": [
        [
          "seize",
          "seize"
        ],
        [
          "hold",
          "hold"
        ],
        [
          "clasp",
          "clasp"
        ],
        [
          "grasp",
          "grasp"
        ],
        [
          "grip",
          "grip"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to seize, hold, clasp, grasp, grip"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "brandire"
        },
        {
          "word": "stringere"
        },
        {
          "word": "afferrare"
        },
        {
          "word": "abbrancare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/im.puɲˈɲa.re/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-are"
    }
  ],
  "word": "impugnare"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "impugnabile"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "impugnativo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "impugnatore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "impugnatura"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "impugnazione"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "impugnō",
        "4": "impugnāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin impugnāre",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin impugnāre.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "impugnàre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgno",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnài",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàto",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "it-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàndo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnànte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàvo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnavàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnavàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàvano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàmmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàrono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerémo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugneréte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerànno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerèi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerèbbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerébbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugneréste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerèbbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerébbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssimo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/ù"
      },
      "expansion": "impugnàre (first-person singular present impùgno, first-person singular past historic impugnài, past participle impugnàto, auxiliary avére)",
      "name": "it-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "im‧pu‧gnà‧re"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/ù"
      },
      "name": "it-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pugno"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 29 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to contest, challenge, impugn"
      ],
      "id": "en-impugnare-it-verb-30H3E01l",
      "links": [
        [
          "contest",
          "contest"
        ],
        [
          "challenge",
          "challenge"
        ],
        [
          "impugn",
          "impugn"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to contest, challenge, impugn"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "it",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "it:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 29 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 28 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 29 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to contest, challenge, impugn",
        "to dispute, challenge, or appeal"
      ],
      "id": "en-impugnare-it-verb-ZitFH6C8",
      "links": [
        [
          "contest",
          "contest"
        ],
        [
          "challenge",
          "challenge"
        ],
        [
          "impugn",
          "impugn"
        ],
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "dispute",
          "dispute"
        ],
        [
          "appeal",
          "appeal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to contest, challenge, impugn",
        "(law) to dispute, challenge, or appeal"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/im.puɲˈɲa.re/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-are"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "contestare"
    }
  ],
  "word": "impugnare"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 4-syllable words",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian lemmas",
    "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Italian terms derived from Latin",
    "Italian terms inherited from Latin",
    "Italian terms prefixed with in-",
    "Italian terms suffixed with -are",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian verbs",
    "Italian verbs ending in -are",
    "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
    "Rhymes:Italian/are",
    "Rhymes:Italian/are/4 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "in-",
        "3": "pugno<t:fist>",
        "4": "-are"
      },
      "expansion": "in- + pugno (“fist”) + -are",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "empuñar"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish empuñar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "empunhar"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese empunhar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "empunyar"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan empunyar",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From in- + pugno (“fist”) + -are. Compare Spanish empuñar, Portuguese empunhar, Catalan empunyar.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "impugnàre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgno",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnài",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàto",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "it-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàndo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnànte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàvo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnavàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnavàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàvano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàmmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàrono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerémo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugneréte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerànno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerèi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerèbbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerébbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugneréste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerèbbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerébbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssimo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/ù"
      },
      "expansion": "impugnàre (first-person singular present impùgno, first-person singular past historic impugnài, past participle impugnàto, auxiliary avére)",
      "name": "it-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "im‧pu‧gnà‧re"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/ù"
      },
      "name": "it-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian terms with usage examples",
        "Italian transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to wield the sword",
          "text": "impugnare la spada",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to seize, hold, clasp, grasp, grip"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "seize",
          "seize"
        ],
        [
          "hold",
          "hold"
        ],
        [
          "clasp",
          "clasp"
        ],
        [
          "grasp",
          "grasp"
        ],
        [
          "grip",
          "grip"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to seize, hold, clasp, grasp, grip"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "brandire"
        },
        {
          "word": "stringere"
        },
        {
          "word": "afferrare"
        },
        {
          "word": "abbrancare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/im.puɲˈɲa.re/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-are"
    }
  ],
  "word": "impugnare"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 4-syllable words",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian lemmas",
    "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Italian terms derived from Latin",
    "Italian terms inherited from Latin",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian verbs",
    "Italian verbs ending in -are",
    "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
    "Rhymes:Italian/are",
    "Rhymes:Italian/are/4 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "impugnabile"
    },
    {
      "word": "impugnativo"
    },
    {
      "word": "impugnatore"
    },
    {
      "word": "impugnatura"
    },
    {
      "word": "impugnazione"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "impugnō",
        "4": "impugnāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin impugnāre",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin impugnāre.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "impugnàre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgno",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnài",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàto",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "it-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàndo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnànte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàvo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnavàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnavàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàvano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàmmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàrono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerémo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugneréte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerànno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerèi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerèbbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerébbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugneréste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerèbbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnerébbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssimo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàssero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impugnàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impùgnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/ù"
      },
      "expansion": "impugnàre (first-person singular present impùgno, first-person singular past historic impugnài, past participle impugnàto, auxiliary avére)",
      "name": "it-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "im‧pu‧gnà‧re"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/ù"
      },
      "name": "it-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "pugno"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to contest, challenge, impugn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "contest",
          "contest"
        ],
        [
          "challenge",
          "challenge"
        ],
        [
          "impugn",
          "impugn"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to contest, challenge, impugn"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian transitive verbs",
        "it:Law"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to contest, challenge, impugn",
        "to dispute, challenge, or appeal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "contest",
          "contest"
        ],
        [
          "challenge",
          "challenge"
        ],
        [
          "impugn",
          "impugn"
        ],
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "dispute",
          "dispute"
        ],
        [
          "appeal",
          "appeal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to contest, challenge, impugn",
        "(law) to dispute, challenge, or appeal"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/im.puɲˈɲa.re/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-are"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "contestare"
    }
  ],
  "word": "impugnare"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Italian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.