"snáth" meaning in Irish

See snáth in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /sˠn̪ˠɑːh/ [Munster], /sˠn̪ˠɑː/ [Connacht], /sˠn̪ˠaː/ [Ulster]
Etymology: From Old Irish snáth (“thread”), from Proto-Celtic *snātos, from Proto-Indo-European *sn̥h₁-tós, from *(s)neh₁- (“to spin, sew”). Cognate with English snood. Etymology templates: {{root|ga|ine-pro|*(s)neh₁-}}, {{der|ga|sga|snáth||thread}} Old Irish snáth (“thread”), {{der|ga|cel-pro|*snātos}} Proto-Celtic *snātos, {{der|ga|ine-pro||*sn̥h₁-tós}} Proto-Indo-European *sn̥h₁-tós, {{cog|en|snood}} English snood Head templates: {{head|ga|noun|genitive singular|snátha||||||||-|||||cat2=|f1request=1|f4request=1|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=}} snáth m (genitive singular snátha), {{ga-noun|m|~a|-}} snáth m (genitive singular snátha) Inflection templates: {{ga-decl-m3-nopl|sn|áth|átha}}, {{ga-mut}} Forms: snátha [genitive, singular], no-plural [table-tags], snáth [indefinite, nominative, singular], a shnáth [indefinite, singular, vocative], snátha [genitive, indefinite, singular], snáth [dative, indefinite, singular], no-table-tags [table-tags], an snáth [definite, nominative, singular], an tsnátha [definite, genitive, singular], leis an snáth [dative, definite, singular], don snáth [dative, definite, singular], no-table-tags [table-tags], snáth [mutation, mutation-radical], shnáth [lenition, mutation], tsnáth [lenition, mutation], - [eclipsis, mutation]
  1. (collective) thread, yarn Tags: collective, masculine Categories (topical): Knitting
    Sense id: en-snáth-ga-noun-lGaw--T0 Disambiguation of Knitting: 87 7 7 Categories (other): Irish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Irish entries with incorrect language header: 69 19 12 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 73 14 14 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 85 7 7
  2. threadlike line Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-snáth-ga-noun-kkrKnWxw
  3. web Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-snáth-ga-noun-S15X9usv
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: abhras, snáthach [masculine] Related terms: snáithe (english: thread), snáthaid (english: needle)
Derived forms: cas-snáth (english: twist (of thread)), snáth báite (english: water milfoil), snáth caol (english: fine thread), snáth casta (english: twist (of thread)), snáth céarach (english: waxed thread), snáth cnáibe (english: hemp thread), snáth cniotála (english: knitting yarn), snáth damháin alla (english: spider's web), snáth gloine (english: glass wool), snáth innigh (english: weft yarn), snáth leighil (english: lisle thread), snáth mara (english: high-water mark), snáth olla (english: woollen yarn), snáth uama (english: seaming-thread), snáthadán (english: netting-needle), snáthadóir (english: needle-maker), snáthphéist (english: threadworm)

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "twist (of thread)",
      "word": "cas-snáth"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "water milfoil",
      "word": "snáth báite"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "fine thread",
      "word": "snáth caol"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "twist (of thread)",
      "word": "snáth casta"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "waxed thread",
      "word": "snáth céarach"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "hemp thread",
      "word": "snáth cnáibe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "knitting yarn",
      "word": "snáth cniotála"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "spider's web",
      "word": "snáth damháin alla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "glass wool",
      "word": "snáth gloine"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "weft yarn",
      "word": "snáth innigh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "lisle thread",
      "word": "snáth leighil"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "high-water mark",
      "word": "snáth mara"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "woollen yarn",
      "word": "snáth olla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "seaming-thread",
      "word": "snáth uama"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "netting-needle",
      "word": "snáthadán"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "needle-maker",
      "word": "snáthadóir"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "threadworm",
      "word": "snáthphéist"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)neh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "snáth",
        "4": "",
        "5": "thread"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish snáth (“thread”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*snātos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *snātos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*sn̥h₁-tós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sn̥h₁-tós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "snood"
      },
      "expansion": "English snood",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Irish snáth (“thread”), from Proto-Celtic *snātos, from Proto-Indo-European *sn̥h₁-tós, from *(s)neh₁- (“to spin, sew”). Cognate with English snood.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "snátha",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-plural",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ga-decl-m3-nopl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "snáth",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a shnáth",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "snátha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "snáth",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ga-decl-m3-nopl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "an snáth",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "an tsnátha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leis an snáth",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "don snáth",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ga-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "snáth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shnáth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsnáth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "eclipsis",
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "-",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "genitive singular",
        "4": "snátha",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "f1request": "1",
        "f4request": "1",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "snáth m (genitive singular snátha)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "~a",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "snáth m (genitive singular snátha)",
      "name": "ga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sn",
        "2": "áth",
        "3": "átha"
      },
      "name": "ga-decl-m3-nopl"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "ga-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Irish",
  "lang_code": "ga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "thread",
      "word": "snáithe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "needle",
      "word": "snáthaid"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "69 19 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "87 7 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ga",
          "name": "Knitting",
          "orig": "ga:Knitting",
          "parents": [
            "Crafts",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thread, yarn"
      ],
      "id": "en-snáth-ga-noun-lGaw--T0",
      "links": [
        [
          "thread",
          "thread"
        ],
        [
          "yarn",
          "yarn"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collective) thread, yarn"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "threadlike line"
      ],
      "id": "en-snáth-ga-noun-kkrKnWxw",
      "links": [
        [
          "threadlike",
          "threadlike"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "web"
      ],
      "id": "en-snáth-ga-noun-S15X9usv",
      "links": [
        [
          "web",
          "web"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sˠn̪ˠɑːh/",
      "tags": [
        "Munster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sˠn̪ˠɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Connacht"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sˠn̪ˠaː/",
      "tags": [
        "Ulster"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "abhras"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "snáthach"
    }
  ],
  "word": "snáth"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Irish lemmas",
    "Irish masculine nouns",
    "Irish nouns",
    "Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
    "Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)neh₁-",
    "Irish third-declension nouns",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ga:Knitting"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "twist (of thread)",
      "word": "cas-snáth"
    },
    {
      "english": "water milfoil",
      "word": "snáth báite"
    },
    {
      "english": "fine thread",
      "word": "snáth caol"
    },
    {
      "english": "twist (of thread)",
      "word": "snáth casta"
    },
    {
      "english": "waxed thread",
      "word": "snáth céarach"
    },
    {
      "english": "hemp thread",
      "word": "snáth cnáibe"
    },
    {
      "english": "knitting yarn",
      "word": "snáth cniotála"
    },
    {
      "english": "spider's web",
      "word": "snáth damháin alla"
    },
    {
      "english": "glass wool",
      "word": "snáth gloine"
    },
    {
      "english": "weft yarn",
      "word": "snáth innigh"
    },
    {
      "english": "lisle thread",
      "word": "snáth leighil"
    },
    {
      "english": "high-water mark",
      "word": "snáth mara"
    },
    {
      "english": "woollen yarn",
      "word": "snáth olla"
    },
    {
      "english": "seaming-thread",
      "word": "snáth uama"
    },
    {
      "english": "netting-needle",
      "word": "snáthadán"
    },
    {
      "english": "needle-maker",
      "word": "snáthadóir"
    },
    {
      "english": "threadworm",
      "word": "snáthphéist"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)neh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "snáth",
        "4": "",
        "5": "thread"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish snáth (“thread”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*snātos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *snātos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*sn̥h₁-tós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sn̥h₁-tós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "snood"
      },
      "expansion": "English snood",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Irish snáth (“thread”), from Proto-Celtic *snātos, from Proto-Indo-European *sn̥h₁-tós, from *(s)neh₁- (“to spin, sew”). Cognate with English snood.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "snátha",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-plural",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ga-decl-m3-nopl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "snáth",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a shnáth",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "snátha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "snáth",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ga-decl-m3-nopl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "an snáth",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "an tsnátha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leis an snáth",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "don snáth",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ga-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "snáth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shnáth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsnáth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "eclipsis",
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "-",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "genitive singular",
        "4": "snátha",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "f1request": "1",
        "f4request": "1",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "snáth m (genitive singular snátha)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "~a",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "snáth m (genitive singular snátha)",
      "name": "ga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sn",
        "2": "áth",
        "3": "átha"
      },
      "name": "ga-decl-m3-nopl"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "ga-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Irish",
  "lang_code": "ga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "thread",
      "word": "snáithe"
    },
    {
      "english": "needle",
      "word": "snáthaid"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Irish collective nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thread, yarn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thread",
          "thread"
        ],
        [
          "yarn",
          "yarn"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collective) thread, yarn"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "threadlike line"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "threadlike",
          "threadlike"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "web"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "web",
          "web"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sˠn̪ˠɑːh/",
      "tags": [
        "Munster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sˠn̪ˠɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Connacht"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sˠn̪ˠaː/",
      "tags": [
        "Ulster"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "abhras"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "snáthach"
    }
  ],
  "word": "snáth"
}

Download raw JSONL data for snáth meaning in Irish (5.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Nominative",
  "path": [
    "snáth"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "snáth",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Vocative",
  "path": [
    "snáth"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "snáth",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Genitive",
  "path": [
    "snáth"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "snáth",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Dative",
  "path": [
    "snáth"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "snáth",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Bare forms (no plural of this noun)",
  "path": [
    "snáth"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "snáth",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Nominative",
  "path": [
    "snáth"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "snáth",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Genitive",
  "path": [
    "snáth"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "snáth",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Dative",
  "path": [
    "snáth"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "snáth",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Forms with the definite article:",
  "path": [
    "snáth"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "snáth",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.