See croith in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "crothaid"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish crothaid",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish crothaid. Probably not related to crith (“to shake, tremble”), which generally refers to unintentional shaking (for example, with cold or fear, or of an inanimate object like a tree or the earth).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "croitheann",
"tags": [
"analytic",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh",
"tags": [
"analytic",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheadh",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "croite",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "croite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "croithim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheann tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croithir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheann sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithimid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheann sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheann siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroitheann",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroitheas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcroitheann",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "croitear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith mé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheamar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheabhair",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheadar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroith",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "ar chroith",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithinn‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroiteá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroiteᇇ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroitheadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheadh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithimis‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroitheadh muid‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheadh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroitheadh sibh‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheadh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithidís‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroitheadh siad‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroitheadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcroitheadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "chroití",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroit퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh mé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfead",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfimid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroithfidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroithfeas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcroithfidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"future",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfinn‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfeá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfeᇇ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfeadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfeadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfeadh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfimis‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfeadh muid‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfeadh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfeadh sibh‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfeadh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfidís‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfeadh siad‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroithfeadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcroithfeadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithf퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithe mé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithead",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithe tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithe sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithimid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithe muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithe sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithe siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"relative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroitear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroithinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroiteá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroitheadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroithimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroitheadh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroitheadh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroithidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroitheadh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"relative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroití",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "croithim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croith",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "croithigí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croitear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "croith",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroith",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "cruidh",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "crath",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "croidh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "croth",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "craith",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "croite",
"2": "verb",
"3": "present analytic",
"4": "croitheann",
"5": "future analytic",
"6": "croithfidh",
"7": "verbal noun",
"8": "croitheadh",
"9": "past participle",
"altform": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "croith (present analytic croitheann, future analytic croithfidh, verbal noun croitheadh, past participle croite)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"fut": "~fidh",
"pp": "croite",
"pres": "~eann",
"vn": "~eadh"
},
"expansion": "croith (present analytic croitheann, future analytic croithfidh, verbal noun croitheadh, past participle croite)",
"name": "ga-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to shake"
],
"id": "en-croith-ga-verb-p8R9n899",
"links": [
[
"shake",
"shake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) to shake"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to scatter, sprinkle (seeds, powder etc.)"
],
"id": "en-croith-ga-verb-HaMAurjq",
"links": [
[
"scatter",
"scatter"
],
[
"sprinkle",
"sprinkle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to scatter, sprinkle (seeds, powder etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 29 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 31 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish first-conjugation verbs of class A",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to wave (move back and forth; also of waving the hand in greeting or farewell)"
],
"id": "en-croith-ga-verb-hyHJ9U00",
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) to wave (move back and forth; also of waving the hand in greeting or farewell)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠoh/",
"note": "corresponding to the form croth",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠa/",
"note": "corresponding to the forms craith and crath",
"tags": [
"Galway"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɾˠaː]",
"note": "corresponding to the forms craith and crath",
"tags": [
"Galway",
"Cois-Fharraige"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠaç/",
"note": "corresponding to the form craith",
"tags": [
"Mayo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠai(h)/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠaiç/",
"note": "corresponding to the form craith",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠɛh/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɾˠeihʔ]",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "croith"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish first-conjugation verbs of class A",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "crothaid"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish crothaid",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish crothaid. Probably not related to crith (“to shake, tremble”), which generally refers to unintentional shaking (for example, with cold or fear, or of an inanimate object like a tree or the earth).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "croitheann",
"tags": [
"analytic",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh",
"tags": [
"analytic",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheadh",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "croite",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "croite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "croithim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheann tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croithir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheann sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithimid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheann sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheann siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroitheann",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroitheas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcroitheann",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "croitear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith mé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheamar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheabhair",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheadar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroith",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "ar chroith",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithinn‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroiteá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroiteᇇ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroitheadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheadh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithimis‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroitheadh muid‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheadh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroitheadh sibh‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroitheadh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithidís‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroitheadh siad‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroitheadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcroitheadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "chroití",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroit퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh mé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfead",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfimid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfidh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroithfidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroithfeas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcroithfidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "croithfear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"future",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfinn‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfeá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfeᇇ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfeadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfeadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfeadh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfimis‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfeadh muid‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfeadh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfeadh sibh‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfeadh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfidís‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithfeadh siad‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chroithfeadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcroithfeadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "chroithfí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroithf퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithe mé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithead",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithe tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithe sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithimid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithe muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithe sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithe siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroithid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"relative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcroitear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroithinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroiteá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroitheadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroithimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroitheadh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroitheadh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroithidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroitheadh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"relative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcroití",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "croithim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croith",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croitheadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "croithigí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croithidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "croitear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "croith",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chroith",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gcroith",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "cruidh",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "crath",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "croidh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "croth",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "craith",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "croite",
"2": "verb",
"3": "present analytic",
"4": "croitheann",
"5": "future analytic",
"6": "croithfidh",
"7": "verbal noun",
"8": "croitheadh",
"9": "past participle",
"altform": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "croith (present analytic croitheann, future analytic croithfidh, verbal noun croitheadh, past participle croite)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"fut": "~fidh",
"pp": "croite",
"pres": "~eann",
"vn": "~eadh"
},
"expansion": "croith (present analytic croitheann, future analytic croithfidh, verbal noun croitheadh, past participle croite)",
"name": "ga-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish intransitive verbs",
"Irish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to shake"
],
"links": [
[
"shake",
"shake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) to shake"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Irish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to scatter, sprinkle (seeds, powder etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"scatter",
"scatter"
],
[
"sprinkle",
"sprinkle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to scatter, sprinkle (seeds, powder etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Irish intransitive verbs",
"Irish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to wave (move back and forth; also of waving the hand in greeting or farewell)"
],
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) to wave (move back and forth; also of waving the hand in greeting or farewell)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠoh/",
"note": "corresponding to the form croth",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠa/",
"note": "corresponding to the forms craith and crath",
"tags": [
"Galway"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɾˠaː]",
"note": "corresponding to the forms craith and crath",
"tags": [
"Galway",
"Cois-Fharraige"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠaç/",
"note": "corresponding to the form craith",
"tags": [
"Mayo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠai(h)/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠaiç/",
"note": "corresponding to the form craith",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɾˠɛh/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɾˠeihʔ]",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "croith"
}
Download raw JSONL data for croith meaning in Irish (18.3kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: croith/Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"croith"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "croith",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"croith"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "croith",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'eclipsis'",
"path": [
"croith"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "croith",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.