"-u" meaning in Ingrian

See -u in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /-u/ [Ala-Laukaa], [-u] [Ala-Laukaa], /-u/ [Soikkola], [-u] [Soikkola]
Etymology: From Proto-Finnic *-u. Cognates include Finnish -u and Estonian -u. Etymology templates: {{inh|izh|urj-fin-pro|*-u}} Proto-Finnic *-u, {{cog|fi|-u}} Finnish -u, {{cog|et|-u}} Estonian -u Head templates: {{head|izh|suffix|front vowel variant|-y}} -u (front vowel variant -y), {{izh-suffix|-y}} -u (front vowel variant -y) Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -u [nominative, singular], -ut [nominative, plural], -un [genitive, singular], -uin [genitive, plural], -uloin [genitive, plural], -ua [partitive, singular], -uja [partitive, plural], -uloja [partitive, plural], -uu [illative, singular], -ui [illative, plural], -uloihe [illative, plural], -us [inessive, singular], -uis [inessive, plural], -ulois [inessive, plural], -ust [elative, singular], -uist [elative, plural], -uloist [elative, plural], -ulle [allative, singular], -uille [allative, plural], -uloille [allative, plural], -ul [adessive, singular], -uil [adessive, plural], -uloil [adessive, plural], -ult [ablative, singular], -uilt [ablative, plural], -uloilt [ablative, plural], -uks [singular, translative], -uiks [plural, translative], -uloiks [plural, translative], -unna [essive, singular], -uun [essive, singular], -uinna [essive, plural], -uloinna [essive, plural], -uin [essive, plural], -uloin [essive, plural], -unt [exessive, singular], -uint [exessive, plural], -uloint [exessive, plural]
  1. Used to form nouns from verbs. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--u-izh-suffix-~IfGbXPF Categories (other): Ingrian entries with incorrect language header, Pages using catfix, Pages with 25 entries, Pages with entries

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*-u"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-u",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "-u"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish -u",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "-u"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian -u",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-u. Cognates include Finnish -u and Estonian -u.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "izh-decl/koivu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no gradation",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4/koivu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ut",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-un",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ui",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloihe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-us",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ulois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ust",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ult",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uilt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloilt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uinna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloinna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uint",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloint",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "front vowel variant",
        "4": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "-u (front vowel variant -y)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "-u (front vowel variant -y)",
      "name": "izh-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ingrian",
  "lang_code": "izh",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 25 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns from verbs."
      ],
      "id": "en--u-izh-suffix-~IfGbXPF",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-u/",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-u]",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-u/",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-u]",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-u"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*-u"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-u",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "-u"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish -u",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "-u"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian -u",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-u. Cognates include Finnish -u and Estonian -u.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "izh-decl/koivu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no gradation",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4/koivu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ut",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-un",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ui",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloihe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-us",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ulois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ust",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ult",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uilt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloilt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uinna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloinna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uint",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-uloint",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "front vowel variant",
        "4": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "-u (front vowel variant -y)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "-u (front vowel variant -y)",
      "name": "izh-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ingrian",
  "lang_code": "izh",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ingrian lemmas",
        "Ingrian suffixes",
        "Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
        "Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
        "Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 25 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns from verbs."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-u/",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-u]",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-u/",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-u]",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-u"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -u meaning in Ingrian (4.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: front vowel variant -y",
  "path": [
    "-u"
  ],
  "section": "Ingrian",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-u",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ingrian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.