"πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ" meaning in Gothic

See πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈhΙ›r.diːs/
Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz. Etymology templates: {{inh|got|gem-pro|*hirdijaz}} Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz Head templates: {{got-noun|m}} πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ β€’ (hairdeis) m Inflection templates: {{got-decl-noun-a-m|haird|j=ei}} Forms: hairdeis [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ [nominative, singular], πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπ‰πƒ [nominative, plural], πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΉ [singular, vocative], πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπ‰πƒ [plural, vocative], πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΉ [accusative, singular], πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πƒ [accusative, plural], πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ [genitive, singular], πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ΄ [genitive, plural], πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ° [dative, singular], πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ [dative, plural]
  1. shepherd (a person who tends sheep) Wikidata QID: Q81710 Categories (topical): Occupations
    Sense id: en-πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ-got-noun-got:Q81710 Disambiguation of Occupations: 64 36 Categories (other): Gothic entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Gothic entries with incorrect language header: 62 38 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 69 31 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 85 15
  2. (figurative, Christianity) pastor (someone with spiritual authority over a group of people) Tags: figuratively Categories (topical): Christianity
    Sense id: en-πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ-got-noun-X5oTC9kW Topics: Christianity
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ° (hairda) (english: herd), πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΈπŒΉ (awΔ“ΓΎi) (english: flock of sheep), πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπ„π‚ (awistr) (english: sheepfold), πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ (laisareis) (english: teacher), π…πŒΏπŒ»πŒ»πŒ° (wulla) (english: wool)

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hirdijaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hairdeis",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "got-decl-noun-a-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Masculine ja-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ",
      "roman": "hairdeis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπ‰πƒ",
      "roman": "hairdjōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΉ",
      "roman": "hairdi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπ‰πƒ",
      "roman": "hairdjōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΉ",
      "roman": "hairdi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πƒ",
      "roman": "hairdjans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ",
      "roman": "hairdeis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ΄",
      "roman": "hairdjΔ“",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°",
      "roman": "hairdja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ",
      "roman": "hairdjam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ β€’ (hairdeis) m",
      "name": "got-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haird",
        "j": "ei"
      },
      "name": "got-decl-noun-a-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Gothic",
  "lang_code": "got",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "herd",
      "roman": "hairda",
      "word": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "flock of sheep",
      "roman": "awΔ“ΓΎi",
      "word": "πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΈπŒΉ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "sheepfold",
      "roman": "awistr",
      "word": "πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπ„π‚"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "teacher",
      "roman": "laisareis",
      "word": "πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "wool",
      "roman": "wulla",
      "word": "π…πŒΏπŒ»πŒ»πŒ°"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "62 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 36",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "got",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "got:Occupations",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Work",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "But he that entereth in by the door is the shepherd of the sheep. (KJV).",
          "ref": "4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of John (Codex Argenteus) 10.2",
          "roman": "iΓΎ sa inngaggands ΓΎairh daur hairdeis ist lambΔ“.",
          "text": "𐌹𐌸 πƒπŒ° πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΈπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ· πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπ‚ πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ πŒΉπƒπ„ 𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌴."
        },
        {
          "english": "And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were told them by the shepherds. (KJV).",
          "ref": "4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (Codex Argenteus) 2.18",
          "roman": "jah allai ΓΎai gahausjandans sildaleikidΔ“dun bi þō rōdidōna fram ΓΎaim hairdjam du im.",
          "text": "𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌸𐌰𐌹 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πƒπŒΉπŒ»πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½ 𐌱𐌹 πŒΈπ‰ π‚π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³π‰πŒ½πŒ° π†π‚πŒ°πŒΌ 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shepherd (a person who tends sheep)"
      ],
      "id": "en-πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ-got-noun-got:Q81710",
      "links": [
        [
          "shepherd",
          "shepherd"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "got:Q81710"
      ],
      "wikidata": [
        "Q81710"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "got",
          "name": "Christianity",
          "orig": "got:Christianity",
          "parents": [
            "Abrahamism",
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; (KJV).",
          "ref": "4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Epistle to the Ephesians (Codex Ambrosianus A) 4.11",
          "text": "𐌾𐌰𐌷 πƒπŒΉπŒ»πŒ±πŒ° πŒ²πŒ°π† πƒπŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒ°π€πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ»(𐌿)πŒ½πƒ, πƒπŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒΆπŒΏπŒΈ~𐌸𐌰𐌽 π€π‚πŒ°πŒΏπ†πŒ΄π„πŒΏπŒ½πƒ, πƒπŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒΏπŒΈ~𐌸𐌰𐌽 πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒ΄πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πƒ, πƒπŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒΏπŒΈ~𐌸𐌰𐌽 πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πƒ,\njah silba gaf sumans apaustaul(u)ns, sumanzuΓΎ~ΓΎan praufΔ“tuns, sumansuΓΎ~ΓΎan aiwaggΔ“listans, sumansuΓΎ~ΓΎan hairdjans jah laisarjans,"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pastor (someone with spiritual authority over a group of people)"
      ],
      "id": "en-πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ-got-noun-X5oTC9kW",
      "links": [
        [
          "Christianity",
          "Christianity"
        ],
        [
          "pastor",
          "pastor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, Christianity) pastor (someone with spiritual authority over a group of people)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Christianity"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhΙ›r.diːs/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Gothic lemmas",
    "Gothic masculine a-stem nouns",
    "Gothic masculine nouns",
    "Gothic nouns",
    "Gothic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Gothic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "got:Occupations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hirdijaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hairdeis",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "got-decl-noun-a-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Masculine ja-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ",
      "roman": "hairdeis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπ‰πƒ",
      "roman": "hairdjōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΉ",
      "roman": "hairdi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπ‰πƒ",
      "roman": "hairdjōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΉ",
      "roman": "hairdi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πƒ",
      "roman": "hairdjans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ",
      "roman": "hairdeis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ΄",
      "roman": "hairdjΔ“",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°",
      "roman": "hairdja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ",
      "roman": "hairdjam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ β€’ (hairdeis) m",
      "name": "got-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haird",
        "j": "ei"
      },
      "name": "got-decl-noun-a-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Gothic",
  "lang_code": "got",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "herd",
      "roman": "hairda",
      "word": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ°"
    },
    {
      "english": "flock of sheep",
      "roman": "awΔ“ΓΎi",
      "word": "πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΈπŒΉ"
    },
    {
      "english": "sheepfold",
      "roman": "awistr",
      "word": "πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπ„π‚"
    },
    {
      "english": "teacher",
      "roman": "laisareis",
      "word": "πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ"
    },
    {
      "english": "wool",
      "roman": "wulla",
      "word": "π…πŒΏπŒ»πŒ»πŒ°"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Gothic terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "But he that entereth in by the door is the shepherd of the sheep. (KJV).",
          "ref": "4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of John (Codex Argenteus) 10.2",
          "roman": "iΓΎ sa inngaggands ΓΎairh daur hairdeis ist lambΔ“.",
          "text": "𐌹𐌸 πƒπŒ° πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΈπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ· πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπ‚ πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ πŒΉπƒπ„ 𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌴."
        },
        {
          "english": "And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were told them by the shepherds. (KJV).",
          "ref": "4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (Codex Argenteus) 2.18",
          "roman": "jah allai ΓΎai gahausjandans sildaleikidΔ“dun bi þō rōdidōna fram ΓΎaim hairdjam du im.",
          "text": "𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌸𐌰𐌹 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πƒπŒΉπŒ»πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½ 𐌱𐌹 πŒΈπ‰ π‚π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³π‰πŒ½πŒ° π†π‚πŒ°πŒΌ 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shepherd (a person who tends sheep)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shepherd",
          "shepherd"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "got:Q81710"
      ],
      "wikidata": [
        "Q81710"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Gothic terms with quotations",
        "got:Christianity"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; (KJV).",
          "ref": "4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Epistle to the Ephesians (Codex Ambrosianus A) 4.11",
          "text": "𐌾𐌰𐌷 πƒπŒΉπŒ»πŒ±πŒ° πŒ²πŒ°π† πƒπŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒ°π€πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ»(𐌿)πŒ½πƒ, πƒπŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒΆπŒΏπŒΈ~𐌸𐌰𐌽 π€π‚πŒ°πŒΏπ†πŒ΄π„πŒΏπŒ½πƒ, πƒπŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒΏπŒΈ~𐌸𐌰𐌽 πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒ΄πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πƒ, πƒπŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒΏπŒΈ~𐌸𐌰𐌽 πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πƒ,\njah silba gaf sumans apaustaul(u)ns, sumanzuΓΎ~ΓΎan praufΔ“tuns, sumansuΓΎ~ΓΎan aiwaggΔ“listans, sumansuΓΎ~ΓΎan hairdjans jah laisarjans,"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pastor (someone with spiritual authority over a group of people)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Christianity",
          "Christianity"
        ],
        [
          "pastor",
          "pastor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, Christianity) pastor (someone with spiritual authority over a group of people)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Christianity"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhΙ›r.diːs/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ meaning in Gothic (5.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Gothic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.