See nachlesen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for nachlesen meaning in German (19.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nach",
"3": "lesen"
},
"expansion": "nach- + lesen",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "nohlese"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik nohlese",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "nach- + lesen; cognate with Hunsrik nohlese",
"forms": [
{
"form": "liest nach",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "las nach",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nachgelesen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "läse nach",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nachzulesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-zu"
]
},
{
"form": "lese nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lese nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "liest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lesest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "leset nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "liest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lese nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "las nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lasen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "läse nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "läsen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "lasest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "last nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "last nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "läsest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "läst nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "läset nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "läst nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "las nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lasen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "läse nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "läsen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lies nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachliest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachleset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachliest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlasen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläsen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlasest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläsest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlasen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläsen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "habe nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haben nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habe nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hast nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habt nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habest nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habet nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hat nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habe nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hattest nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hattet nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hättest nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hättet nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesen werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachgelesen haben werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nach.lesen<liest#las,gelesen,läse>"
},
"expansion": "nachlesen (class 5 strong, third-person singular present liest nach, past tense las nach, past participle nachgelesen, past subjunctive läse nach, auxiliary haben)",
"name": "de-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"nach‧le‧sen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nach.lesen<liest#las,gelesen,läse>"
},
"name": "de-conj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German terms prefixed with nach-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to look up"
],
"id": "en-nachlesen-de-verb-tmpQaxdc",
"links": [
[
"look up",
"look up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to look up"
],
"tags": [
"class-5",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to proofread"
],
"id": "en-nachlesen-de-verb-g7qWPWN2",
"links": [
[
"proofread",
"proofread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to proofread"
],
"tags": [
"class-5",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnaxˌleːzən/"
},
{
"audio": "De-nachlesen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/De-nachlesen.ogg/De-nachlesen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/De-nachlesen.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "nachlesen"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 3-syllable words",
"German class 5 strong verbs",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German strong verbs",
"German terms prefixed with nach-",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links",
"German verbs",
"German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
"German verbs with red links in their inflection tables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nach",
"3": "lesen"
},
"expansion": "nach- + lesen",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "nohlese"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik nohlese",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "nach- + lesen; cognate with Hunsrik nohlese",
"forms": [
{
"form": "liest nach",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "las nach",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nachgelesen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "läse nach",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nachzulesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-zu"
]
},
{
"form": "lese nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lese nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "liest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lesest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "leset nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "liest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lese nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "las nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lasen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "läse nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "läsen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "lasest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "last nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "last nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "läsest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "läst nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "läset nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "läst nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "las nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lasen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "läse nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "läsen nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lies nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest nach",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachliest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachleset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachliest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlasen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläsen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlasest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläsest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlasen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachläsen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"subordinate-clause",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "habe nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haben nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habe nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hast nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habt nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habest nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habet nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hat nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habe nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hattest nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hattet nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hättest nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hättet nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten nachgelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachlesen werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden nachlesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nachgelesen haben werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden nachgelesen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nach.lesen<liest#las,gelesen,läse>"
},
"expansion": "nachlesen (class 5 strong, third-person singular present liest nach, past tense las nach, past participle nachgelesen, past subjunctive läse nach, auxiliary haben)",
"name": "de-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"nach‧le‧sen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nach.lesen<liest#las,gelesen,läse>"
},
"name": "de-conj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to look up"
],
"links": [
[
"look up",
"look up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to look up"
],
"tags": [
"class-5",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to proofread"
],
"links": [
[
"proofread",
"proofread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to proofread"
],
"tags": [
"class-5",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnaxˌleːzən/"
},
{
"audio": "De-nachlesen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/De-nachlesen.ogg/De-nachlesen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/De-nachlesen.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "nachlesen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.