"roc" meaning in French

See roc in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ʁɔk/ Audio: Fr-roc.ogg , LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-roc.wav [France, Toulouse], LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-roc.wav [France, Lyon], LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-roc.wav [France], LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-roc.wav [France, Vosges], LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-roc.wav [France, Lyon], LL-Q150 (fra)-Bananax47-roc.wav [France] (note: Agen) Forms: rocs [plural]
Etymology: From Middle French roc (15th c.), ultimately from Latin rocca, hence doublet of roche. The Trésor informatisé considers it a “masculine form” of the latter, but the derivation is dubious, unless it were from a dialect with preserved /k/ (such as Picard or Occitan). Etymology templates: {{inh|fr|frm|roc}} Middle French roc, {{der|fr|la|rocca}} Latin rocca, {{dbt|fr|roche|nocap=1}} doublet of roche, {{cog|pcd|-}} Picard, {{cog|oc|-}} Occitan Head templates: {{fr-noun|m}} roc m (plural rocs)
  1. rock Tags: masculine Derived forms: solide comme un roc Related terms: roche, rocher
    Sense id: en-roc-fr-noun-NQp3DA7J
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ʁɔk/ Audio: Fr-roc.ogg , LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-roc.wav [France, Toulouse], LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-roc.wav [France, Lyon], LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-roc.wav [France], LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-roc.wav [France, Vosges], LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-roc.wav [France, Lyon], LL-Q150 (fra)-Bananax47-roc.wav [France] (note: Agen) Forms: rocs [plural]
Etymology: From Old French roc, ultimately from Persian رخ (rox), from Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”), possibly from Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”). Etymology templates: {{der|fr|fro|roc}} Old French roc, {{der|fr|fa|رخ|tr=rox}} Persian رخ (rox), {{der|fr|pal|lhw'||rook, castle (chess)|sc=Latn|tr=rox}} Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”), {{der|fr|sa|रथ||chariot}} Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”) Head templates: {{fr-noun|m}} roc m (plural rocs)
  1. (dated, chess) rook Tags: dated, masculine Synonyms: tour Related terms: roquer, rocade
    Sense id: en-roc-fr-noun-LCt2CAut Categories (other): Chess, French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 39 61 Topics: board-games, chess, games
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "roc"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French roc",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "rocca"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin rocca",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "roche",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet of roche",
      "name": "dbt"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pcd",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Picard",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French roc (15th c.), ultimately from Latin rocca, hence doublet of roche.\nThe Trésor informatisé considers it a “masculine form” of the latter, but the derivation is dubious, unless it were from a dialect with preserved /k/ (such as Picard or Occitan).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rocs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "roc m (plural rocs)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "solide comme un roc"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rock"
      ],
      "id": "en-roc-fr-noun-NQp3DA7J",
      "links": [
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "roche"
        },
        {
          "word": "rocher"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
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      "ipa": "/ʁɔk/"
    },
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      "note": "Agen",
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      "tags": [
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    },
    {
      "homophone": "rock"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "rocs"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "roque"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "roquent"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "roques"
    }
  ],
  "word": "roc"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "roc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French roc",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "رخ",
        "tr": "rox"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian رخ (rox)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "lhw'",
        "4": "",
        "5": "rook, castle (chess)",
        "sc": "Latn",
        "tr": "rox"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "रथ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "chariot"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French roc, ultimately from Persian رخ (rox), from Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”), possibly from Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rocs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
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      },
      "expansion": "roc m (plural rocs)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Chess",
          "orig": "fr:Chess",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
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      ],
      "id": "en-roc-fr-noun-LCt2CAut",
      "links": [
        [
          "chess",
          "chess"
        ],
        [
          "rook",
          "rook"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated, chess) rook"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "roquer"
        },
        {
          "word": "rocade"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "tour"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "board-games",
        "chess",
        "games"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
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      "ipa": "/ʁɔk/"
    },
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      "tags": [
        "France"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "rock"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "rocs"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "roque"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "roquent"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "roques"
    }
  ],
  "word": "roc"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "French 1-syllable words",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French doublets",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French masculine nouns",
    "French nouns",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Middle Persian",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Persian",
    "French terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with homophones",
    "Pages with 14 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "solide comme un roc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
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        "2": "frm",
        "3": "roc"
      },
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      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "rocca"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin rocca",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "roche",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet of roche",
      "name": "dbt"
    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Picard",
      "name": "cog"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French roc (15th c.), ultimately from Latin rocca, hence doublet of roche.\nThe Trésor informatisé considers it a “masculine form” of the latter, but the derivation is dubious, unless it were from a dialect with preserved /k/ (such as Picard or Occitan).",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "rocs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      },
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      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "roche"
    },
    {
      "word": "rocher"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
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      ],
      "links": [
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          "rock"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
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    },
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      "note": "Agen",
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      "tags": [
        "France"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "rock"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "rocs"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "roque"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "roquent"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "roques"
    }
  ],
  "word": "roc"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 1-syllable words",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French masculine nouns",
    "French nouns",
    "French terms derived from Middle Persian",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Persian",
    "French terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with homophones",
    "Pages with 14 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "roc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French roc",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "رخ",
        "tr": "rox"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian رخ (rox)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "lhw'",
        "4": "",
        "5": "rook, castle (chess)",
        "sc": "Latn",
        "tr": "rox"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "रथ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "chariot"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French roc, ultimately from Persian رخ (rox), from Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”), possibly from Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rocs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "roc m (plural rocs)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "roquer"
    },
    {
      "word": "rocade"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French dated terms",
        "fr:Chess"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rook"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chess",
          "chess"
        ],
        [
          "rook",
          "rook"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated, chess) rook"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "tour"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "board-games",
        "chess",
        "games"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʁɔk/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-roc.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Fr-roc.ogg/Fr-roc.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Fr-roc.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-roc.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-roc.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-roc.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-roc.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-roc.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Toulouse"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-roc.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-roc.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-roc.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-roc.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-roc.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Lyon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-roc.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-roc.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-roc.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-roc.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-roc.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-roc.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-roc.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-roc.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-roc.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-roc.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Vosges"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-roc.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-roc.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-roc.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-roc.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-roc.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Lyon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Bananax47-roc.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Bananax47-roc.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Bananax47-roc.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Agen",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Bananax47-roc.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Bananax47-roc.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "rock"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "rocs"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "roque"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "roquent"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "roques"
    }
  ],
  "word": "roc"
}

Download raw JSONL data for roc meaning in French (8.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
  "msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
  "path": [
    "roc",
    "Template:cog",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
  ],
  "section": "French",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "roc",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 578305674<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 21 Aug 2026 16:52:59 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

{
  "called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
  "msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
  "path": [
    "roc",
    "Template:cog",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
  ],
  "section": "French",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "roc",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 592852237<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 21 Aug 2026 16:53:54 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.