"braver" meaning in French

See braver in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /bʁa.ve/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-braver.wav [France, Lyon], LL-Q150 (fra)-Opsylac-braver.wav [France] (note: Grenoble), LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-braver.wav [France] (note: Somain)
Etymology: From brave + -er. Etymology templates: {{ety|fr|:af|brave|-er<id:verbal>}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "influ.", "keyword_label" : "Influenced by", "terms" : [ { "id" : "verb suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ere", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "influence" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-āre", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-ier", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle French", "term" : "-er", "lang" : "frm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "French", "term" : "-er", "lang" : "fr" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "French", "term" : "braver", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fr" }" data-lang="fr" data-title="braver">, {{af|fr|brave|-er<id:verbal>}} brave + -er Head templates: {{fr-verb}} braver Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], braver [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], bravant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], bravé [participle, past], brave [first-person, indicative, present, singular], braves [indicative, present, second-person, singular], brave [indicative, present, singular, third-person], bravons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], bravez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], bravent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], bravais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], bravais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], bravait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], bravions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], braviez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], bravaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], bravai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], bravas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], brava [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], bravâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], bravâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], bravèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], braverai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], braveras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], bravera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], braverons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], braverez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], braveront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], braverais [conditional, first-person, singular], braverais [conditional, second-person, singular], braverait [conditional, singular, third-person], braverions [conditional, first-person, plural], braveriez [conditional, plural, second-person], braveraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], brave [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], braves [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], brave [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], bravions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], braviez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], bravent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], bravasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], bravasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], bravât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], bravassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], bravassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], bravassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], brave [imperative, second-person, singular], bravons [first-person, imperative, plural], bravez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. (transitive) to challenge, defy Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-braver-fr-verb-zDrQjd73 Categories (other): French entries referencing missing etymons, French entries with etymon, French entries with incorrect language header, French terms suffixed with -er (verbal), French verbs with conjugation -er, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of French entries referencing missing etymons: 43 25 32 Disambiguation of French entries with etymon: 42 26 32 Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 54 21 25 Disambiguation of French terms suffixed with -er (verbal): 40 27 33 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 42 28 30 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 38 28 34
  2. (transitive) to brave Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-braver-fr-verb-F1q3wlFg Categories (other): French terms suffixed with -er (verbal), Pages with etymon Disambiguation of French terms suffixed with -er (verbal): 40 27 33 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 38 28 34
  3. (transitive) to flout, pay no heed to (someone's opinion, hostility, etc.) Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-braver-fr-verb-VToKHepx Categories (other): French terms suffixed with -er (verbal), Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of French terms suffixed with -er (verbal): 40 27 33 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 22 16 61 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 38 28 34
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: affronter

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "brave",
      "brave#French"
    ],
    [
      "-er",
      "-er#French:_verbal"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "brave",
        "4": "-er<id:verbal>"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verb suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āre\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"braver\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"braver\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "brave",
        "3": "-er<id:verbal>"
      },
      "expansion": "brave + -er",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From brave + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braver",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravant",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravé",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.ve/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brave",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braves",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brave",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravons",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.ve/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravent",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravais",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravais",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravait",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravions",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braviez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravaient",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravai",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.ve/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravas",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.va/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brava",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.va/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravâmes",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravâtes",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravèrent",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverai",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braveras",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravera",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverons",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braveront",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverais",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverais",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverait",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverions",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.və.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braveriez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.və.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braveraient",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brave",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braves",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brave",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravions",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braviez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravent",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravasse",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravasses",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravât",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.va/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravassions",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.va.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravassiez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.va.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravassent",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brave",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravons",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.ve/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "braver",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 25 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries referencing missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 26 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 21 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 27 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French terms suffixed with -er (verbal)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 28 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 28 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to challenge, defy"
      ],
      "id": "en-braver-fr-verb-zDrQjd73",
      "links": [
        [
          "challenge",
          "challenge"
        ],
        [
          "defy",
          "defy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to challenge, defy"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 27 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French terms suffixed with -er (verbal)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 28 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              167,
              174
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              152,
              159
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Despite the arrival of bad weather and the ongoing closure of European borders, hundreds of people nevertheless continue to risk their lives every day, braving the cold and the violent winds.",
          "ref": "2015 October 31, “Migrants : Allemagne restreint les accès à sa frontière avec Autriche”, in Le Monde:",
          "text": "Malgré l’arrivée du mauvais temps et la fermeture en cours des frontières européennes, des centaines de personnes continuent pourtant chaque jour de risquer leur vie, bravant le froid et les vents violents.",
          "translation": "Despite the arrival of bad weather and the ongoing closure of European borders, hundreds of people nevertheless continue to risk their lives every day, braving the cold and the violent winds.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to brave"
      ],
      "id": "en-braver-fr-verb-F1q3wlFg",
      "links": [
        [
          "brave",
          "brave"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to brave"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 27 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French terms suffixed with -er (verbal)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 16 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 28 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to flout, pay no heed to (someone's opinion, hostility, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-braver-fr-verb-VToKHepx",
      "links": [
        [
          "flout",
          "flout"
        ],
        [
          "pay no heed",
          "pay heed"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to flout, pay no heed to (someone's opinion, hostility, etc.)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bʁa.ve/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-braver.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-braver.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-braver.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-braver.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-braver.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Lyon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Opsylac-braver.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-braver.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-braver.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Grenoble",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-braver.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-braver.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-braver.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-braver.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-braver.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Somain",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-braver.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-braver.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "affronter"
    }
  ],
  "word": "braver"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries referencing missing etymons",
    "French entries with etymon",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms suffixed with -er (verbal)",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "brave",
      "brave#French"
    ],
    [
      "-er",
      "-er#French:_verbal"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "brave",
        "4": "-er<id:verbal>"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verb suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āre\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"braver\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"braver\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "brave",
        "3": "-er<id:verbal>"
      },
      "expansion": "brave + -er",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From brave + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braver",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravant",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravé",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.ve/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brave",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braves",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brave",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravons",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.ve/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravent",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravais",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravais",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravait",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravions",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braviez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravaient",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravai",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.ve/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravas",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.va/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brava",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.va/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravâmes",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravâtes",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravèrent",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverai",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braveras",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravera",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverons",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braveront",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverais",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverais",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverait",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braverions",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.və.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braveriez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.və.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braveraient",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brave",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braves",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brave",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravions",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "braviez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravent",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravasse",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravasses",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravât",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.va/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravassions",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.va.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravassiez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.va.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravassent",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brave",
      "ipa": "/bʁav/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravons",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.vɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bravez",
      "ipa": "/bʁa.ve/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "braver",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to challenge, defy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "challenge",
          "challenge"
        ],
        [
          "defy",
          "defy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to challenge, defy"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with quotations",
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              167,
              174
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              152,
              159
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Despite the arrival of bad weather and the ongoing closure of European borders, hundreds of people nevertheless continue to risk their lives every day, braving the cold and the violent winds.",
          "ref": "2015 October 31, “Migrants : Allemagne restreint les accès à sa frontière avec Autriche”, in Le Monde:",
          "text": "Malgré l’arrivée du mauvais temps et la fermeture en cours des frontières européennes, des centaines de personnes continuent pourtant chaque jour de risquer leur vie, bravant le froid et les vents violents.",
          "translation": "Despite the arrival of bad weather and the ongoing closure of European borders, hundreds of people nevertheless continue to risk their lives every day, braving the cold and the violent winds.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to brave"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "brave",
          "brave"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to brave"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to flout, pay no heed to (someone's opinion, hostility, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flout",
          "flout"
        ],
        [
          "pay no heed",
          "pay heed"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to flout, pay no heed to (someone's opinion, hostility, etc.)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bʁa.ve/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-braver.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-braver.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-braver.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-braver.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-braver.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Lyon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Opsylac-braver.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-braver.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-braver.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Grenoble",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-braver.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-braver.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-braver.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-braver.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-braver.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Somain",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-braver.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-braver.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "affronter"
    }
  ],
  "word": "braver"
}

Download raw JSONL data for braver meaning in French (13.0kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.