"brûler" meaning in French

See brûler in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /bʁy.le/ Audio: Fr-brûler.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Middle French brusler “to burn” from Old French brusler, bruller (“to burn”), a conflation of bruir (“to burn”) (from Frankish *brōjan (“to burn, scald”), from Proto-Germanic *brōaną “to scald”, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrew- “to boil, seethe”), and usler (“to scorch”), from Latin ustulāre (“to scorch”). Compare also Italian bruciare, from a Vulgar Latin form *brusiō, which is probably related, as well as brustolare. The initial br- has had other origins proposed, such as from a Gaulish source, or from a corruption of a form *combustulāre, from a change of prefix of ambustulāre, influenced by combustus. Akin to German brühen (“to scald”), Dutch broeien (“to heat”). More at broil, brew. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|brusler|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French brusler, {{inh+|fr|frm|brusler}} Inherited from Middle French brusler, {{inh|fr|fro|brusler}} Old French brusler, {{m|fro|bruller||to burn}} bruller (“to burn”), {{m|fro|bruir||to burn}} bruir (“to burn”), {{der|fr|frk|*brōan|*brōjan|t=to burn, scald}} Frankish *brōjan (“to burn, scald”), {{der|fr|gem-pro|*brōaną}} Proto-Germanic *brōaną, {{der|fr|ine-pro|*bʰerw-}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, {{m|ine-pro|*bʰrew-}} *bʰrew-, {{m|fro|usler||to scorch}} usler (“to scorch”), {{inh|fr|la|ustulo|ustulāre|to scorch}} Latin ustulāre (“to scorch”), {{cog|it|bruciare}} Italian bruciare, {{m|la||*brusiō}} *brusiō, {{m|it|brustolare}} brustolare, {{m|la||*combustulāre}} *combustulāre, {{m|la|ambustulāre}} ambustulāre, {{m|la|combustus}} combustus, {{cog|de|brühen||to scald}} German brühen (“to scald”), {{cog|nl|broeien||to heat}} Dutch broeien (“to heat”), {{m|en|broil}} broil, {{m|en|brew}} brew Head templates: {{fr-verb}} brûler Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], brûler [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], brûlant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], brûlé [participle, past], brûle [first-person, indicative, present, singular], brûles [indicative, present, second-person, singular], brûle [indicative, present, singular, third-person], brûlons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], brûlez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], brûlent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], brûlais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], brûlais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], brûlait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], brûlions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], brûliez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], brûlaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], brûlai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], brûlas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], brûla [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], brûlâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], brûlâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], brûlèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], brûlerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], brûleras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], brûlera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], brûlerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], brûlerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], brûleront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], brûlerais [conditional, first-person, singular], brûlerais [conditional, second-person, singular], brûlerait [conditional, singular, third-person], brûlerions [conditional, first-person, plural], brûleriez [conditional, plural, second-person], brûleraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], brûle [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], brûles [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], brûle [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], brûlions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], brûliez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], brûlent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], brûlasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], brûlasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], brûlât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], brûlassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], brûlassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], brûlassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], brûle [imperative, second-person, singular], brûlons [first-person, imperative, plural], brûlez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. (transitive, intransitive) to burn Tags: intransitive, transitive
    Sense id: en-brûler-fr-verb-rR54mkCl Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 53 33 13 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 32 32 35
  2. (reflexive) to burn oneself Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-brûler-fr-verb-gxPDsIAb Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 32 32 35
  3. (figurative, transitive) to pass an obstacle, to blow (through or past), to run Tags: figuratively, transitive
    Sense id: en-brûler-fr-verb-a4NvKEBV Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 32 32 35
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: ardre [archaic], bruler (english: post-1990 spelling)
Derived forms: à brûle-pourpoint, brûlage, brûlant, brûle, brûler la chandelle par les deux bouts, brûler la politesse, brûler le dur, brûler les étapes, brûler les lèvres, brûleur, brûlure, terre brûlée

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for brûler meaning in French (14.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "à brûle-pourpoint"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûlage"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûlant"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûler la chandelle par les deux bouts"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûler la politesse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûler le dur"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûler les étapes"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûler les lèvres"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûleur"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûlure"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "terre brûlée"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "bruli"
          },
          "expansion": "Esperanto: bruli",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Esperanto: bruli"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ht",
            "2": "boule"
          },
          "expansion": "Haitian Creole: boule",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Haitian Creole: boule"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "brusler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French brusler",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "brusler"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French brusler",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "brusler"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French brusler",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "bruller",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "bruller (“to burn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "bruir",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "bruir (“to burn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*brōan",
        "4": "*brōjan",
        "t": "to burn, scald"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *brōjan (“to burn, scald”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*brōaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brōaną",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰerw-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰrew-"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰrew-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "usler",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to scorch"
      },
      "expansion": "usler (“to scorch”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ustulo",
        "4": "ustulāre",
        "5": "to scorch"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ustulāre (“to scorch”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "bruciare"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian bruciare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*brusiō"
      },
      "expansion": "*brusiō",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "brustolare"
      },
      "expansion": "brustolare",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*combustulāre"
      },
      "expansion": "*combustulāre",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ambustulāre"
      },
      "expansion": "ambustulāre",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "combustus"
      },
      "expansion": "combustus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "brühen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to scald"
      },
      "expansion": "German brühen (“to scald”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "broeien",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to heat"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch broeien (“to heat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "broil"
      },
      "expansion": "broil",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "brew"
      },
      "expansion": "brew",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French brusler “to burn” from Old French brusler, bruller (“to burn”), a conflation of bruir (“to burn”) (from Frankish *brōjan (“to burn, scald”), from Proto-Germanic *brōaną “to scald”, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrew- “to boil, seethe”), and usler (“to scorch”), from Latin ustulāre (“to scorch”).\nCompare also Italian bruciare, from a Vulgar Latin form *brusiō, which is probably related, as well as brustolare. The initial br- has had other origins proposed, such as from a Gaulish source, or from a corruption of a form *combustulāre, from a change of prefix of ambustulāre, influenced by combustus. Akin to German brühen (“to scald”), Dutch broeien (“to heat”). More at broil, brew.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûler",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlant",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlé",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûles",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlons",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlent",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlais",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlais",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlait",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.ljɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûliez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlaient",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlai",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlas",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûla",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlâmes",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlâtes",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlèrent",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerai",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleras",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlera",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerons",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerez",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleront",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerais",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerais",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerait",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleriez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleraient",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûles",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.ljɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûliez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlent",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlasse",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlasses",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlât",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlassions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlassiez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlassent",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlons",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "brûler",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "53 33 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 32 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The neighbors' house has burnt down.",
          "text": "La maison des voisins a brûlé.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "They are burning a heap of dead leaves.",
          "text": "Ils sont en train de brûler un tas de feuilles mortes.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burn"
      ],
      "id": "en-brûler-fr-verb-rR54mkCl",
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "burn",
          "burn"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) to burn"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 32 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I burnt myself on a light bulb.",
          "text": "Je me suis brûlé avec une ampoule.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burn oneself"
      ],
      "id": "en-brûler-fr-verb-gxPDsIAb",
      "links": [
        [
          "burn",
          "burn"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to burn oneself"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 32 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "New York, November 1975. America's biggest city has just narrowly escaped bankruptcy. At night, taxis run red lights to avoid being robbed. Trash is piling up, and the middle classes have headed for the hills.",
          "ref": "2022 February 26, Stéphanie Chayet, “Foucault, Deleuze, Derrida… Aux origines françaises du « wokisme »”, in Le Monde",
          "text": "New York, novembre 1975. La plus grande ville américaine vient d’échapper de justesse à la faillite. Les taxis de nuit brûlent les feux rouges pour éviter les braquages, les poubelles s’entassent, la classe moyenne a pris le large.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to pass an obstacle, to blow (through or past), to run"
      ],
      "id": "en-brûler-fr-verb-a4NvKEBV",
      "links": [
        [
          "blow",
          "blow"
        ],
        [
          "run",
          "run"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, transitive) to pass an obstacle, to blow (through or past), to run"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-brûler.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/Fr-br%C3%BBler.ogg/Fr-br%C3%BBler.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Fr-br%C3%BBler.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "ardre"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "post-1990 spelling",
      "word": "bruler"
    }
  ],
  "word": "brûler"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Frankish",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "French terms inherited from Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "à brûle-pourpoint"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûlage"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûlant"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûle"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûler la chandelle par les deux bouts"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûler la politesse"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûler le dur"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûler les étapes"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûler les lèvres"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûleur"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûlure"
    },
    {
      "word": "terre brûlée"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "bruli"
          },
          "expansion": "Esperanto: bruli",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Esperanto: bruli"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ht",
            "2": "boule"
          },
          "expansion": "Haitian Creole: boule",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Haitian Creole: boule"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "brusler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French brusler",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "brusler"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French brusler",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "brusler"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French brusler",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "bruller",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "bruller (“to burn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "bruir",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "bruir (“to burn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*brōan",
        "4": "*brōjan",
        "t": "to burn, scald"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *brōjan (“to burn, scald”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*brōaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brōaną",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰerw-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰrew-"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰrew-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "usler",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to scorch"
      },
      "expansion": "usler (“to scorch”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ustulo",
        "4": "ustulāre",
        "5": "to scorch"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ustulāre (“to scorch”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "bruciare"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian bruciare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*brusiō"
      },
      "expansion": "*brusiō",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "brustolare"
      },
      "expansion": "brustolare",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*combustulāre"
      },
      "expansion": "*combustulāre",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ambustulāre"
      },
      "expansion": "ambustulāre",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "combustus"
      },
      "expansion": "combustus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "brühen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to scald"
      },
      "expansion": "German brühen (“to scald”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "broeien",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to heat"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch broeien (“to heat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "broil"
      },
      "expansion": "broil",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "brew"
      },
      "expansion": "brew",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French brusler “to burn” from Old French brusler, bruller (“to burn”), a conflation of bruir (“to burn”) (from Frankish *brōjan (“to burn, scald”), from Proto-Germanic *brōaną “to scald”, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrew- “to boil, seethe”), and usler (“to scorch”), from Latin ustulāre (“to scorch”).\nCompare also Italian bruciare, from a Vulgar Latin form *brusiō, which is probably related, as well as brustolare. The initial br- has had other origins proposed, such as from a Gaulish source, or from a corruption of a form *combustulāre, from a change of prefix of ambustulāre, influenced by combustus. Akin to German brühen (“to scald”), Dutch broeien (“to heat”). More at broil, brew.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûler",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlant",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlé",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûles",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlons",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlent",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlais",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlais",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlait",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.ljɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûliez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlaient",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlai",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlas",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûla",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlâmes",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlâtes",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlèrent",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerai",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleras",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlera",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerons",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerez",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleront",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerais",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerais",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerait",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleriez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleraient",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûles",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.ljɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûliez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlent",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlasse",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlasses",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlât",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlassions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlassiez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlassent",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlons",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "brûler",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French intransitive verbs",
        "French terms with usage examples",
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The neighbors' house has burnt down.",
          "text": "La maison des voisins a brûlé.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "They are burning a heap of dead leaves.",
          "text": "Ils sont en train de brûler un tas de feuilles mortes.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "burn",
          "burn"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) to burn"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French reflexive verbs",
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I burnt myself on a light bulb.",
          "text": "Je me suis brûlé avec une ampoule.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burn oneself"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "burn",
          "burn"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to burn oneself"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with quotations",
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "New York, November 1975. America's biggest city has just narrowly escaped bankruptcy. At night, taxis run red lights to avoid being robbed. Trash is piling up, and the middle classes have headed for the hills.",
          "ref": "2022 February 26, Stéphanie Chayet, “Foucault, Deleuze, Derrida… Aux origines françaises du « wokisme »”, in Le Monde",
          "text": "New York, novembre 1975. La plus grande ville américaine vient d’échapper de justesse à la faillite. Les taxis de nuit brûlent les feux rouges pour éviter les braquages, les poubelles s’entassent, la classe moyenne a pris le large.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to pass an obstacle, to blow (through or past), to run"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "blow",
          "blow"
        ],
        [
          "run",
          "run"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, transitive) to pass an obstacle, to blow (through or past), to run"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-brûler.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/Fr-br%C3%BBler.ogg/Fr-br%C3%BBler.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Fr-br%C3%BBler.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "ardre"
    },
    {
      "english": "post-1990 spelling",
      "word": "bruler"
    }
  ],
  "word": "brûler"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.