"brûler" meaning in All languages combined

See brûler on Wiktionary

Verb [French]

IPA: /bʁy.le/ Audio: Fr-brûler.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Middle French brusler, from Old French brusler, bruller (“to burn”), probably an enhanced form of usler (“to scorch”), from Latin ustulāre. Cognate with dialectal Italian brustolare. The initial br- may be compared to Italian bruciare, but the further origin is uncertain. One or more of the following may have contributed: (1) Old French bruir (“to burn”), from Frankish *brōjan (“to scald, sear”); (2) Latin ambūrere, combūrere (“to burn”) and their participles ambustus, combustus; (3) a Gaulish cognate of Old Irish bruth (“boiling heat”). The words in 1 and 3 are from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-. Etymology templates: {{dercat|fr|gem-pro|cel-pro}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|brusler|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French brusler, {{inh+|fr|frm|brusler}} Inherited from Middle French brusler, {{inh|fr|fro|brusler}} Old French brusler, {{inh|fr|la|ustulo|ustulāre}} Latin ustulāre, {{cog|it|brustolare}} Italian brustolare, {{m+|it|bruciare}} Italian bruciare, {{m+|fro|bruir|t=to burn}} Old French bruir (“to burn”), {{der|fr|frk|*brōan|*brōjan|t=to scald, sear}} Frankish *brōjan (“to scald, sear”), {{m+|la|amburo|am<u>būr</u>ere}} Latin ambūrere, {{der|fr|cel-gau|-}} Gaulish, {{cog|sga|bruth|t=boiling heat}} Old Irish bruth (“boiling heat”), {{der|fr|ine-pro|*bʰrewh₁-}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- Head templates: {{fr-verb}} brûler Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], brûler [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], brûlant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], brûlé [participle, past], brûle [first-person, indicative, present, singular], brûles [indicative, present, second-person, singular], brûle [indicative, present, singular, third-person], brûlons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], brûlez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], brûlent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], brûlais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], brûlais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], brûlait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], brûlions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], brûliez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], brûlaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], brûlai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], brûlas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], brûla [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], brûlâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], brûlâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], brûlèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], brûlerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], brûleras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], brûlera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], brûlerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], brûlerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], brûleront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], brûlerais [conditional, first-person, singular], brûlerais [conditional, second-person, singular], brûlerait [conditional, singular, third-person], brûlerions [conditional, first-person, plural], brûleriez [conditional, plural, second-person], brûleraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], brûle [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], brûles [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], brûle [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], brûlions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], brûliez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], brûlent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], brûlasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], brûlasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], brûlât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], brûlassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], brûlassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], brûlassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], brûle [imperative, second-person, singular], brûlons [first-person, imperative, plural], brûlez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. (transitive, intransitive) to burn Tags: intransitive, transitive
    Sense id: en-brûler-fr-verb-rR54mkCl Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -er, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 60 38 2 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 60 38 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 61 38 2
  2. (reflexive) to burn oneself Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-brûler-fr-verb-gxPDsIAb Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 33 33 33
  3. (figurative, transitive) to pass an obstacle, to blow (through or past), to run Tags: figuratively, transitive
    Sense id: en-brûler-fr-verb-a4NvKEBV Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 33 33 33
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: ardre [archaic], bruler (english: post-1990 spelling)
Derived forms: à brûle-pourpoint, brûlage, brûlant, brûle, brûler la chandelle par les deux bouts, brûler la politesse, brûler le dur, brûler les étapes, brûler les lèvres, brûleur, brûlure, terre brûlée

Verb [Norman]

Forms: brûl'lie [gerund]
Etymology: From Old French brusler (“to burn”). Etymology templates: {{inh|nrf|fro|brusler||to burn}} Old French brusler (“to burn”) Head templates: {{head|nrf|verb|gerund|brûl'lie}} brûler (gerund brûl'lie)
  1. (Jersey) to burn Tags: Jersey Synonyms: brulaïr [Guernsey]
    Sense id: en-brûler-nrm-verb-rR54mkCl Categories (other): Jersey Norman, Norman entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "à brûle-pourpoint"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûlage"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûlant"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûler la chandelle par les deux bouts"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûler la politesse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûler le dur"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûler les étapes"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûler les lèvres"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûleur"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "brûlure"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "terre brûlée"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "bruli"
          },
          "expansion": "Esperanto: bruli",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Esperanto: bruli"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ht",
            "2": "boule"
          },
          "expansion": "Haitian Creole: boule",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Haitian Creole: boule"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "cel-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "brusler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French brusler",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "brusler"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French brusler",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "brusler"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French brusler",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ustulo",
        "4": "ustulāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ustulāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "brustolare"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian brustolare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "bruciare"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian bruciare",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "bruir",
        "t": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French bruir (“to burn”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*brōan",
        "4": "*brōjan",
        "t": "to scald, sear"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *brōjan (“to scald, sear”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "amburo",
        "3": "am<u>būr</u>ere"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ambūrere",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "bruth",
        "t": "boiling heat"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish bruth (“boiling heat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰrewh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French brusler, from Old French brusler, bruller (“to burn”), probably an enhanced form of usler (“to scorch”), from Latin ustulāre. Cognate with dialectal Italian brustolare. The initial br- may be compared to Italian bruciare, but the further origin is uncertain. One or more of the following may have contributed: (1) Old French bruir (“to burn”), from Frankish *brōjan (“to scald, sear”); (2) Latin ambūrere, combūrere (“to burn”) and their participles ambustus, combustus; (3) a Gaulish cognate of Old Irish bruth (“boiling heat”). The words in 1 and 3 are from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûler",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlant",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlé",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûles",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlons",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlent",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlais",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlais",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlait",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.ljɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûliez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlaient",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlai",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlas",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûla",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlâmes",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlâtes",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlèrent",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerai",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleras",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlera",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerons",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerez",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleront",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerais",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerais",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerait",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleriez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleraient",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûles",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.ljɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûliez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlent",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlasse",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlasses",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlât",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlassions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlassiez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlassent",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlons",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "brûler",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "60 38 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 38 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "61 38 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The neighbors' house has burnt down.",
          "text": "La maison des voisins a brûlé.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "They are burning a heap of dead leaves.",
          "text": "Ils sont en train de brûler un tas de feuilles mortes.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burn"
      ],
      "id": "en-brûler-fr-verb-rR54mkCl",
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "burn",
          "burn"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) to burn"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I burnt myself on a light bulb.",
          "text": "Je me suis brûlé avec une ampoule.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burn oneself"
      ],
      "id": "en-brûler-fr-verb-gxPDsIAb",
      "links": [
        [
          "burn",
          "burn"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to burn oneself"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "New York, November 1975. America's biggest city has just narrowly escaped bankruptcy. At night, taxis run red lights to avoid being robbed. Trash is piling up, and the middle classes have headed for the hills.",
          "ref": "2022 February 26, Stéphanie Chayet, “Foucault, Deleuze, Derrida… Aux origines françaises du « wokisme »”, in Le Monde:",
          "text": "New York, novembre 1975. La plus grande ville américaine vient d’échapper de justesse à la faillite. Les taxis de nuit brûlent les feux rouges pour éviter les braquages, les poubelles s’entassent, la classe moyenne a pris le large.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to pass an obstacle, to blow (through or past), to run"
      ],
      "id": "en-brûler-fr-verb-a4NvKEBV",
      "links": [
        [
          "blow",
          "blow"
        ],
        [
          "run",
          "run"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, transitive) to pass an obstacle, to blow (through or past), to run"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-brûler.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/Fr-br%C3%BBler.ogg/Fr-br%C3%BBler.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Fr-br%C3%BBler.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "ardre"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "post-1990 spelling",
      "word": "bruler"
    }
  ],
  "word": "brûler"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "brusler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French brusler (“to burn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French brusler (“to burn”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "brûl'lie",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "gerund",
        "4": "brûl'lie"
      },
      "expansion": "brûler (gerund brûl'lie)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norman",
  "lang_code": "nrm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Jersey Norman",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burn"
      ],
      "id": "en-brûler-nrm-verb-rR54mkCl",
      "links": [
        [
          "burn",
          "burn"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Jersey) to burn"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Guernsey"
          ],
          "word": "brulaïr"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jersey"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "brûler"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Frankish",
    "French terms derived from Gaulish",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "French terms inherited from Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "à brûle-pourpoint"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûlage"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûlant"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûle"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûler la chandelle par les deux bouts"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûler la politesse"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûler le dur"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûler les étapes"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûler les lèvres"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûleur"
    },
    {
      "word": "brûlure"
    },
    {
      "word": "terre brûlée"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "bruli"
          },
          "expansion": "Esperanto: bruli",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Esperanto: bruli"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ht",
            "2": "boule"
          },
          "expansion": "Haitian Creole: boule",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Haitian Creole: boule"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "cel-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "brusler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French brusler",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "brusler"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French brusler",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "brusler"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French brusler",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ustulo",
        "4": "ustulāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ustulāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "brustolare"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian brustolare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "bruciare"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian bruciare",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "bruir",
        "t": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French bruir (“to burn”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*brōan",
        "4": "*brōjan",
        "t": "to scald, sear"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *brōjan (“to scald, sear”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "amburo",
        "3": "am<u>būr</u>ere"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ambūrere",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "bruth",
        "t": "boiling heat"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish bruth (“boiling heat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰrewh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French brusler, from Old French brusler, bruller (“to burn”), probably an enhanced form of usler (“to scorch”), from Latin ustulāre. Cognate with dialectal Italian brustolare. The initial br- may be compared to Italian bruciare, but the further origin is uncertain. One or more of the following may have contributed: (1) Old French bruir (“to burn”), from Frankish *brōjan (“to scald, sear”); (2) Latin ambūrere, combūrere (“to burn”) and their participles ambustus, combustus; (3) a Gaulish cognate of Old Irish bruth (“boiling heat”). The words in 1 and 3 are from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûler",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlant",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlé",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûles",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlons",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlent",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlais",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlais",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlait",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.ljɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûliez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlaient",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlai",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlas",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûla",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlâmes",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlâtes",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlèrent",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerai",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleras",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlera",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerons",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerez",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleront",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerais",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerais",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerait",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlerions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleriez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûleraient",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûles",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.ljɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûliez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlent",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlasse",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlasses",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlât",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlassions",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlassiez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.la.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlassent",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûle",
      "ipa": "/bʁyl/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlons",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.lɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brûlez",
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "brûler",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French intransitive verbs",
        "French terms with usage examples",
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The neighbors' house has burnt down.",
          "text": "La maison des voisins a brûlé.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "They are burning a heap of dead leaves.",
          "text": "Ils sont en train de brûler un tas de feuilles mortes.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "burn",
          "burn"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) to burn"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French reflexive verbs",
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I burnt myself on a light bulb.",
          "text": "Je me suis brûlé avec une ampoule.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burn oneself"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "burn",
          "burn"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to burn oneself"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with quotations",
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "New York, November 1975. America's biggest city has just narrowly escaped bankruptcy. At night, taxis run red lights to avoid being robbed. Trash is piling up, and the middle classes have headed for the hills.",
          "ref": "2022 February 26, Stéphanie Chayet, “Foucault, Deleuze, Derrida… Aux origines françaises du « wokisme »”, in Le Monde:",
          "text": "New York, novembre 1975. La plus grande ville américaine vient d’échapper de justesse à la faillite. Les taxis de nuit brûlent les feux rouges pour éviter les braquages, les poubelles s’entassent, la classe moyenne a pris le large.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to pass an obstacle, to blow (through or past), to run"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "blow",
          "blow"
        ],
        [
          "run",
          "run"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, transitive) to pass an obstacle, to blow (through or past), to run"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bʁy.le/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-brûler.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/Fr-br%C3%BBler.ogg/Fr-br%C3%BBler.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Fr-br%C3%BBler.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "ardre"
    },
    {
      "english": "post-1990 spelling",
      "word": "bruler"
    }
  ],
  "word": "brûler"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "brusler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French brusler (“to burn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French brusler (“to burn”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "brûl'lie",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "gerund",
        "4": "brûl'lie"
      },
      "expansion": "brûler (gerund brûl'lie)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norman",
  "lang_code": "nrm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Jersey Norman",
        "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
        "Norman lemmas",
        "Norman terms derived from Old French",
        "Norman terms inherited from Old French",
        "Norman verbs",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "burn",
          "burn"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Jersey) to burn"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jersey"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guernsey"
      ],
      "word": "brulaïr"
    }
  ],
  "word": "brûler"
}

Download raw JSONL data for brûler meaning in All languages combined (15.0kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (7b9c5d7 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.