"bosser" meaning in French

See bosser in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /bɔ.se/
Etymology: First attested in 1878. Probably from bosse + -er (see below) with some sort of semantic shift. It has been suggested that in western France, the verb came to mean "to bend over for work"; alternately, that sailors raising an anchor was considered typical "hard work", or that the word came from the sense of "to emboss" and was originally cant used by artisans. Etymology templates: {{af|fr|bosse|-er}} bosse + -er Head templates: {{fr-verb}} bosser
  1. (Europe, informal) to work, labour, do a day's work Tags: Europe, informal Synonyms: travailler
    Sense id: en-bosser-fr-verb-Aha-dMVn Categories (other): European French, French entries with incorrect language header, French terms suffixed with -er Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 57 4 4 21 15 Disambiguation of French terms suffixed with -er: 34 14 12 24 16
  2. (Europe, informal) to train (for something), work on (something), study, improve (on something) Tags: Europe, informal Synonyms: potasser, réviser, entraîner, bûcher
    Sense id: en-bosser-fr-verb-AT8G~7Vp Categories (other): European French
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /bɔ.se/
Etymology: From bosse + -er; cf. bossoir. Etymology templates: {{af|fr|bosse|-er}} bosse + -er, {{m|fr|bossoir}} bossoir Head templates: {{fr-verb}} bosser Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], bosser [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], bossant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], bossé [participle, past], bosse [first-person, indicative, present, singular], bosses [indicative, present, second-person, singular], bosse [indicative, present, singular, third-person], bossons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], bossez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], bossent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], bossais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], bossais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], bossait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], bossions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], bossiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], bossaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], bossai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], bossas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], bossa [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], bossâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], bossâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], bossèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], bosserai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], bosseras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], bossera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], bosserons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], bosserez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], bosseront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], bosserais [conditional, first-person, singular], bosserais [conditional, second-person, singular], bosserait [conditional, singular, third-person], bosserions [conditional, first-person, plural], bosseriez [conditional, plural, second-person], bosseraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], bosse [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], bosses [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], bosse [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], bossions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], bossiez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], bossent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], bossasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], bossasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], bossât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], bossassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], bossassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], bossassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], bosse [imperative, second-person, singular], bossons [first-person, imperative, plural], bossez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. to emboss Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-bosser-fr-verb-ktt-T5Mx
  2. to dent; to cause a dent Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-bosser-fr-verb-0mingEYm Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 22 21 15 27 15
  3. (nautical) to raise an anchor over the davit(s) Tags: transitive Categories (topical): Nautical
    Sense id: en-bosser-fr-verb-EJjPENd- Topics: nautical, transport
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for bosser meaning in French (12.4kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bosse",
        "3": "-er"
      },
      "expansion": "bosse + -er",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in 1878.\nProbably from bosse + -er (see below) with some sort of semantic shift. It has been suggested that in western France, the verb came to mean \"to bend over for work\"; alternately, that sailors raising an anchor was considered typical \"hard work\", or that the word came from the sense of \"to emboss\" and was originally cant used by artisans.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bosser",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "European French",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "57 4 4 21 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 14 12 24 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "There have never been so many working students in Belgium. The consequence of a relaxation of legislation over the last ten years in the face of shortages in certain sectors. But who are these student workers and why do they sacrifice their summer, and increasingly the entire year, to work?",
          "ref": "2023 August 6, “Qui sont ces 627.000 étudiants-travailleurs, et pourquoi sacrifient-ils leur été?”, in Le Soir",
          "text": "Il n’y a jamais eu autant de jobistes en Belgique. La conséquence d’un assouplissement de la législation ces dix dernières années face à la pénurie dans certains secteurs. Mais qui sont ces étudiants-travailleurs et pourquoi sacrifient-ils leur été, et de plus en plus l’année entière, à bosser ?",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "He works all day long, and all that for nothing.",
          "text": "Toute la journée il bosse, et pour que dalle.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to work, labour, do a day's work"
      ],
      "id": "en-bosser-fr-verb-Aha-dMVn",
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "labour",
          "labour"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Europe, informal) to work, labour, do a day's work"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "travailler"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Europe",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "European French",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I still need to work on music theory this weekend.",
          "text": "Je dois encore bosser (sur) mon solfège ce weekend.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Get back to your maths and study instead of playing video-games!",
          "text": "Va bosser tes maths au lieu de jouer aux jeux vidéos!",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to train (for something), work on (something), study, improve (on something)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bosser-fr-verb-AT8G~7Vp",
      "links": [
        [
          "train",
          "train"
        ],
        [
          "work on",
          "work on"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "improve",
          "improve"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Europe, informal) to train (for something), work on (something), study, improve (on something)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "potasser"
        },
        {
          "word": "réviser"
        },
        {
          "word": "entraîner"
        },
        {
          "word": "bûcher"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Europe",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔ.se/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bosser"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bosse",
        "3": "-er"
      },
      "expansion": "bosse + -er",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bossoir"
      },
      "expansion": "bossoir",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From bosse + -er; cf. bossoir.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosser",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossant",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossé",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosse",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosses",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosse",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossons",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossent",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossais",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossais",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossait",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossions",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossiez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossaient",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossai",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossas",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossa",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossâmes",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossâtes",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossèrent",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserai",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosseras",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossera",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserons",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosseront",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserais",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserais",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserait",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserions",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosseriez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosseraient",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosse",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosses",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosse",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossions",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossiez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossent",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossasse",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossasses",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossât",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossassions",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossassiez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossassent",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosse",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossons",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bosser",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to emboss"
      ],
      "id": "en-bosser-fr-verb-ktt-T5Mx",
      "links": [
        [
          "emboss",
          "emboss"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 21 15 27 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to dent; to cause a dent"
      ],
      "id": "en-bosser-fr-verb-0mingEYm",
      "links": [
        [
          "dent",
          "dent"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Nautical",
          "orig": "fr:Nautical",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to raise an anchor over the davit(s)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bosser-fr-verb-EJjPENd-",
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "raise",
          "raise"
        ],
        [
          "anchor",
          "anchor"
        ],
        [
          "davit",
          "davit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) to raise an anchor over the davit(s)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔ.se/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bosser"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms suffixed with -er",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French transitive verbs",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bosse",
        "3": "-er"
      },
      "expansion": "bosse + -er",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in 1878.\nProbably from bosse + -er (see below) with some sort of semantic shift. It has been suggested that in western France, the verb came to mean \"to bend over for work\"; alternately, that sailors raising an anchor was considered typical \"hard work\", or that the word came from the sense of \"to emboss\" and was originally cant used by artisans.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bosser",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "European French",
        "French informal terms",
        "French terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "There have never been so many working students in Belgium. The consequence of a relaxation of legislation over the last ten years in the face of shortages in certain sectors. But who are these student workers and why do they sacrifice their summer, and increasingly the entire year, to work?",
          "ref": "2023 August 6, “Qui sont ces 627.000 étudiants-travailleurs, et pourquoi sacrifient-ils leur été?”, in Le Soir",
          "text": "Il n’y a jamais eu autant de jobistes en Belgique. La conséquence d’un assouplissement de la législation ces dix dernières années face à la pénurie dans certains secteurs. Mais qui sont ces étudiants-travailleurs et pourquoi sacrifient-ils leur été, et de plus en plus l’année entière, à bosser ?",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "He works all day long, and all that for nothing.",
          "text": "Toute la journée il bosse, et pour que dalle.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to work, labour, do a day's work"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "labour",
          "labour"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Europe, informal) to work, labour, do a day's work"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "travailler"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Europe",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "European French",
        "French informal terms",
        "French terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I still need to work on music theory this weekend.",
          "text": "Je dois encore bosser (sur) mon solfège ce weekend.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Get back to your maths and study instead of playing video-games!",
          "text": "Va bosser tes maths au lieu de jouer aux jeux vidéos!",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to train (for something), work on (something), study, improve (on something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "train",
          "train"
        ],
        [
          "work on",
          "work on"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "improve",
          "improve"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Europe, informal) to train (for something), work on (something), study, improve (on something)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "potasser"
        },
        {
          "word": "réviser"
        },
        {
          "word": "entraîner"
        },
        {
          "word": "bûcher"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Europe",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔ.se/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bosser"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms suffixed with -er",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French transitive verbs",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bosse",
        "3": "-er"
      },
      "expansion": "bosse + -er",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bossoir"
      },
      "expansion": "bossoir",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From bosse + -er; cf. bossoir.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosser",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossant",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossé",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosse",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosses",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosse",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossons",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossent",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossais",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossais",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossait",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossions",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossiez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossaient",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossai",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossas",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossa",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossâmes",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossâtes",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossèrent",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserai",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosseras",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossera",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserons",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosseront",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserais",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserais",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserait",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosserions",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosseriez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosseraient",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosse",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosses",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosse",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossions",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossiez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossent",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossasse",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossasses",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossât",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossassions",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossassiez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossassent",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bosse",
      "ipa": "/bɔs/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossons",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bossez",
      "ipa": "/bɔ.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bosser",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to emboss"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "emboss",
          "emboss"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to dent; to cause a dent"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dent",
          "dent"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "fr:Nautical"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to raise an anchor over the davit(s)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "raise",
          "raise"
        ],
        [
          "anchor",
          "anchor"
        ],
        [
          "davit",
          "davit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) to raise an anchor over the davit(s)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔ.se/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bosser"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.