"ébaucher" meaning in French

See ébaucher in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /e.bo.ʃe/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-ébaucher.wav
Etymology: From Middle French esbaucher (“to rough-hew, frame”), alteration (due to Middle French bauche (“beam, wooden crosspiece”)) of Old French esbosquier, esboskier (“to rough-hew beams”), from es- (“out”) + bosc (“wood, firewood”), from Frankish *bosk (“wood”), from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“wood, thicket”). Cognate with Old French esbochier (“to prune grapes”), French bois (“wood”), bau (“beam”). More at bush, balk. Etymology templates: {{uder|fr|frm|esbaucher||to rough-hew, frame}} Middle French esbaucher (“to rough-hew, frame”), {{cog|frm|bauche||beam, wooden crosspiece}} Middle French bauche (“beam, wooden crosspiece”), {{uder|fr|fro|esbosquier}} Old French esbosquier, {{m|fro|esboskier||to rough-hew beams}} esboskier (“to rough-hew beams”), {{m|fro|es-||out}} es- (“out”), {{m|fro|bosc||wood, firewood}} bosc (“wood, firewood”), {{der|fr|frk|*bosk||wood}} Frankish *bosk (“wood”), {{uder|fr|gem-pro|*buskaz||wood, thicket}} Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“wood, thicket”), {{cog|fro|esbochier||to prune grapes}} Old French esbochier (“to prune grapes”), {{cog|fr|bois||wood}} French bois (“wood”), {{m|fr|bau||beam}} bau (“beam”), {{m|en|bush}} bush, {{m|en|balk}} balk Head templates: {{fr-verb}} ébaucher Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], ébaucher [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], ébauchant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], ébauché [participle, past], ébauche [first-person, indicative, present, singular], ébauches [indicative, present, second-person, singular], ébauche [indicative, present, singular, third-person], ébauchons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], ébauchez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], ébauchent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], ébauchais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], ébauchais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], ébauchait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], ébauchions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], ébauchiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], ébauchaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], ébauchai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], ébauchas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], ébaucha [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], ébauchâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], ébauchâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], ébauchèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], ébaucherai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], ébaucheras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], ébauchera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], ébaucherons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], ébaucherez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], ébaucheront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], ébaucherais [conditional, first-person, singular], ébaucherais [conditional, second-person, singular], ébaucherait [conditional, singular, third-person], ébaucherions [conditional, first-person, plural], ébaucheriez [conditional, plural, second-person], ébaucheraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], ébauche [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], ébauches [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], ébauche [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], ébauchions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], ébauchiez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], ébauchent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], ébauchasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], ébauchasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], ébauchât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], ébauchassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], ébauchassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], ébauchassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], ébauche [imperative, second-person, singular], ébauchons [first-person, imperative, plural], ébauchez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. (transitive) to sketch, rough out (a plan, picture); to draft (a piece of writing) Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-ébaucher-fr-verb-npcHPAc- Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 23 25 29 24
  2. (transitive) to start up (a conversation, friendship etc.) Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-ébaucher-fr-verb-VTYEP8ZY Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 23 25 29 24
  3. (reflexive) to form, take shape Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-ébaucher-fr-verb-nxBaad3v Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French undefined derivations, French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 24 11 59 6 Disambiguation of French undefined derivations: 30 13 43 13 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 23 25 29 24
  4. (reflexive) to open up, start up Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-ébaucher-fr-verb-d8v7XcRB Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 23 25 29 24

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for ébaucher meaning in French (12.7kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "esbaucher",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to rough-hew, frame"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French esbaucher (“to rough-hew, frame”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "bauche",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beam, wooden crosspiece"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French bauche (“beam, wooden crosspiece”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "esbosquier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French esbosquier",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "esboskier",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rough-hew beams"
      },
      "expansion": "esboskier (“to rough-hew beams”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "es-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "out"
      },
      "expansion": "es- (“out”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "bosc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wood, firewood"
      },
      "expansion": "bosc (“wood, firewood”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*bosk",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wood"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *bosk (“wood”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*buskaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wood, thicket"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“wood, thicket”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "esbochier",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to prune grapes"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French esbochier (“to prune grapes”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bois",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wood"
      },
      "expansion": "French bois (“wood”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bau",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beam"
      },
      "expansion": "bau (“beam”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bush"
      },
      "expansion": "bush",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "balk"
      },
      "expansion": "balk",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French esbaucher (“to rough-hew, frame”), alteration (due to Middle French bauche (“beam, wooden crosspiece”)) of Old French esbosquier, esboskier (“to rough-hew beams”), from es- (“out”) + bosc (“wood, firewood”), from Frankish *bosk (“wood”), from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“wood, thicket”). Cognate with Old French esbochier (“to prune grapes”), French bois (“wood”), bau (“beam”). More at bush, balk.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucher",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchant",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauché",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauche",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauches",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauche",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchons",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchez",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchent",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchais",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchais",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchait",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchions",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchiez",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchaient",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchai",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchas",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucha",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchâmes",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchâtes",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchèrent",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherai",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucheras",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchera",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherons",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherez",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucheront",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherais",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherais",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherait",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherions",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucheriez",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucheraient",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauche",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauches",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauche",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchions",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchiez",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchent",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchasse",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchasses",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchât",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchassions",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchassiez",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchassent",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauche",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchons",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchez",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ébaucher",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 25 29 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sketch, rough out (a plan, picture); to draft (a piece of writing)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ébaucher-fr-verb-npcHPAc-",
      "links": [
        [
          "sketch",
          "sketch"
        ],
        [
          "rough out",
          "rough out"
        ],
        [
          "draft",
          "draft"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to sketch, rough out (a plan, picture); to draft (a piece of writing)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 25 29 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to start up (a conversation, friendship etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ébaucher-fr-verb-VTYEP8ZY",
      "links": [
        [
          "start up",
          "start up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to start up (a conversation, friendship etc.)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 11 59 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 13 43 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 25 29 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to form, take shape"
      ],
      "id": "en-ébaucher-fr-verb-nxBaad3v",
      "links": [
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ],
        [
          "take shape",
          "take shape"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to form, take shape"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 25 29 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to open up, start up"
      ],
      "id": "en-ébaucher-fr-verb-d8v7XcRB",
      "links": [
        [
          "open up",
          "open up"
        ],
        [
          "start up",
          "start up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to open up, start up"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃe/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-ébaucher.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-%C3%A9baucher.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-%C3%A9baucher.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-%C3%A9baucher.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-%C3%A9baucher.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ébaucher"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 3-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Frankish",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "French undefined derivations",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "esbaucher",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to rough-hew, frame"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French esbaucher (“to rough-hew, frame”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "bauche",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beam, wooden crosspiece"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French bauche (“beam, wooden crosspiece”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "esbosquier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French esbosquier",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "esboskier",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rough-hew beams"
      },
      "expansion": "esboskier (“to rough-hew beams”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "es-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "out"
      },
      "expansion": "es- (“out”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "bosc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wood, firewood"
      },
      "expansion": "bosc (“wood, firewood”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*bosk",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wood"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *bosk (“wood”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*buskaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wood, thicket"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“wood, thicket”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "esbochier",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to prune grapes"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French esbochier (“to prune grapes”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bois",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wood"
      },
      "expansion": "French bois (“wood”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bau",
        "3": "",
        "4": "beam"
      },
      "expansion": "bau (“beam”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bush"
      },
      "expansion": "bush",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "balk"
      },
      "expansion": "balk",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French esbaucher (“to rough-hew, frame”), alteration (due to Middle French bauche (“beam, wooden crosspiece”)) of Old French esbosquier, esboskier (“to rough-hew beams”), from es- (“out”) + bosc (“wood, firewood”), from Frankish *bosk (“wood”), from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“wood, thicket”). Cognate with Old French esbochier (“to prune grapes”), French bois (“wood”), bau (“beam”). More at bush, balk.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucher",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchant",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauché",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauche",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauches",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauche",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchons",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchez",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchent",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchais",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchais",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchait",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchions",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchiez",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchaient",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchai",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchas",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucha",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchâmes",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchâtes",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchèrent",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherai",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucheras",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchera",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherons",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherez",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucheront",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherais",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherais",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherait",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucherions",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucheriez",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébaucheraient",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauche",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauches",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauche",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchions",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchiez",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchent",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchasse",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchasses",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchât",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchassions",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchassiez",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchassent",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauche",
      "ipa": "/e.boʃ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchons",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ébauchez",
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ébaucher",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sketch, rough out (a plan, picture); to draft (a piece of writing)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sketch",
          "sketch"
        ],
        [
          "rough out",
          "rough out"
        ],
        [
          "draft",
          "draft"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to sketch, rough out (a plan, picture); to draft (a piece of writing)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to start up (a conversation, friendship etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "start up",
          "start up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to start up (a conversation, friendship etc.)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to form, take shape"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ],
        [
          "take shape",
          "take shape"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to form, take shape"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to open up, start up"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "open up",
          "open up"
        ],
        [
          "start up",
          "start up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to open up, start up"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/e.bo.ʃe/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-ébaucher.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-%C3%A9baucher.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-%C3%A9baucher.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-%C3%A9baucher.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-%C3%A9baucher.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ébaucher"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.