See parm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*parma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *parma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "paarma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish paarma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "paarma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian paarma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*parma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *parma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "пормо"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari пормо (pormo)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "промо"
},
"expansion": "Erzya промо (promo)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *parma, originally onomatopoetic. Cognate to Finnish paarma, Ingrian paarma. Possibly already from Proto-Finno-Ugric *parma: compare Eastern Mari пормо (pormo) and Erzya промо (promo), пуромо (puromo).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "parmu",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "parmu",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-riik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "length gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "22e/riik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "parm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmusid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmusse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmust",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmult",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmuks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "parmeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "parmuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "parmuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmuta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudeta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmuga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "parmu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "parmu",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "parm (genitive parmu, partitive parmu)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "parmu",
"2": "parmu"
},
"expansion": "parm (genitive parmu, partitive parmu)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "par",
"2": "m",
"3": "m",
"4": "u"
},
"name": "et-decl-riik"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 5 46 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 3 51 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian riik-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horsefly, breezefly, gadfly, forest fly (fly of the family Tabanidae)"
],
"id": "en-parm-et-noun-mXmvnNa7",
"links": [
[
"horsefly",
"horsefly"
],
[
"breezefly",
"breezefly"
],
[
"gadfly",
"gadfly"
],
[
"forest fly",
"forest fly"
],
[
"Tabanidae",
"Tabanidae#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"drunkard, bum"
],
"id": "en-parm-et-noun-2q8RI7Mw",
"links": [
[
"drunkard",
"drunkard"
],
[
"bum",
"bum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) drunkard, bum"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"word": "parm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian lemmas",
"Estonian nouns",
"Estonian riik-type nominals",
"Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*parma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *parma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "paarma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish paarma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "paarma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian paarma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*parma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *parma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "пормо"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari пормо (pormo)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "промо"
},
"expansion": "Erzya промо (promo)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *parma, originally onomatopoetic. Cognate to Finnish paarma, Ingrian paarma. Possibly already from Proto-Finno-Ugric *parma: compare Eastern Mari пормо (pormo) and Erzya промо (promo), пуромо (puromo).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "parmu",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "parmu",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-riik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "length gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "22e/riik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "parm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmusid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmusse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmust",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmult",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmuks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "parmeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "parmuni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "parmuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmuta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudeta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "parmuga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "parmudega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "parmu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "parmu",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "parm (genitive parmu, partitive parmu)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "parmu",
"2": "parmu"
},
"expansion": "parm (genitive parmu, partitive parmu)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "par",
"2": "m",
"3": "m",
"4": "u"
},
"name": "et-decl-riik"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"horsefly, breezefly, gadfly, forest fly (fly of the family Tabanidae)"
],
"links": [
[
"horsefly",
"horsefly"
],
[
"breezefly",
"breezefly"
],
[
"gadfly",
"gadfly"
],
[
"forest fly",
"forest fly"
],
[
"Tabanidae",
"Tabanidae#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"drunkard, bum"
],
"links": [
[
"drunkard",
"drunkard"
],
[
"bum",
"bum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) drunkard, bum"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"word": "parm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for parm meaning in Estonian (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Estonian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.