See wark in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for wark meaning in English (9.0kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "werk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "warch"
},
"expansion": "warch",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wærc"
},
"expansion": "Old English wærc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc",
"3": "",
"4": "pain, suffering, anguish"
},
"expansion": "wræc (“pain, suffering, anguish”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warkiz",
"4": "",
"5": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warkiz (“pain”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to make, work, act"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make, work, act”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "värk",
"3": "",
"4": "ache, pain"
},
"expansion": "Swedish värk (“ache, pain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "verkur",
"3": "",
"4": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic verkur (“pain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "work"
},
"expansion": "work",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English werk, warch, from Old English wærc, wræc (“pain, suffering, anguish”), from Proto-Germanic *warkiz (“pain”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make, work, act”). Cognate with Swedish värk (“ache, pain”), Icelandic verkur (“pain”). Related to work.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "warks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wark (plural warks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "57 6 3 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "en:Pain",
"parents": [
"Medical signs and symptoms",
"Perception",
"Health",
"Pathology",
"Body",
"Medicine",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bellywark"
},
{
"word": "headwark"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pain; ache."
],
"id": "en-wark-en-noun-KNcYHsDE",
"links": [
[
"Pain",
"pain"
],
[
"ache",
"ache"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Pain; ache."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland",
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɔː(ɹ)k/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-wark.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "wark"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "werken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English werken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "warchen"
},
"expansion": "warchen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wærcan",
"4": "",
"5": "to be in pain"
},
"expansion": "Old English wærcan (“to be in pain”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "värka",
"3": "",
"4": "to ache, pain"
},
"expansion": "Swedish värka (“to ache, pain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "verkja",
"3": "",
"4": "to pain"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic verkja (“to pain”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English werken, warchen, from Old English wærcan (“to be in pain”). Cognate with Swedish värka (“to ache, pain”), Icelandic verkja (“to pain”). See above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "warks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "warking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "warked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "warked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wark (third-person singular simple present warks, present participle warking, simple past and past participle warked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 24 14 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 14 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be in pain; ache."
],
"id": "en-wark-en-verb-gnhv004c",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"ache",
"ache"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be in pain; ache."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɔː(ɹ)k/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-wark.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "wark"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "work"
},
"expansion": "work",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See work.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "warks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wark (plural warks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1819, Malcolm Laing, The History of Scotland, page 141",
"text": "That September (1582) in time of vacance, my uncle Mr. Andrew, Mr. Thomas Buchanan and I, hearing that Mr. George Buchanan was weak, and his history under the press, passed over to Edinburgh anes errand to visite him, and to see the wark.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1860, Sir James Phillips Kay- huttleworth, Scarsdale; or, Life on the Lancashire and Yorkshire border, page 85",
"text": "We'dn done a pratty day or two's wark afore t' sodgers geet at us.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1864, Eliza Tabor, St. Olave's: A Novel, page 18",
"text": "“Mair wark,\" replied Tibbie, looking round on her well-kept pans and candlesticks.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1868, Eneas Sweetland Dallas, Once a Week, page 317",
"text": "Uprose anither fearsome cry, Uprose exultingly; He couldna hear the words they spak', Yet corpse-pale turned he. The awsome flames had dune their wark, Nae form was left to see, Nought but a grim and blackened stake, A ghastly vacancy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Work."
],
"id": "en-wark-en-noun-vJKh214y",
"links": [
[
"Work",
"work"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly Scotland) Work."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1858, Robert Chambers, Domestic Annals of Scotland, page 253",
"text": "'Yet this imposition,' says Nicoll, 'seemed not to thrive; for at the same instant God frae the heavens declared his anger by sending thunder, and unheard tempests, and storms, and inundations of water, whilk destroyed their common mills, dams, and warks, to the town's great charges and expenses.' Eleven mills belonging to Edinburgh, and five belonging to Heriot's Hospital, all upon the Water of Leith, were destroyed on this occasion, 'with their dams, water-gangs, timber and stone- warks, the haill wheels of their mills, timber graith, and haill other warks.'",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1859, William Steven, Frederick William Bedford, History of George Heriot's hospital, page 54",
"text": "They speak in high terms of \"his extraordiner panes and grait cair he had in that Wark, baith by his advyce, and in the building of the same.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1870, Sir James David Marwick, Records of the Convention of the Royal Burghs of Scotland, page 265",
"text": "And because the said Thomas Fallisdaill and John Semple ar alreddy enterit to the said wark, [ and ] coft materiallis as thai declairit, and ressauit ane pairt of the said taxatioun;",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A building."
],
"id": "en-wark-en-noun-7hHt2IgY",
"links": [
[
"building",
"building"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly Scotland) A building."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɔː(ɹ)k/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-wark.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "wark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)k",
"en:Pain"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bellywark"
},
{
"word": "headwark"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "werk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "warch"
},
"expansion": "warch",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wærc"
},
"expansion": "Old English wærc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc",
"3": "",
"4": "pain, suffering, anguish"
},
"expansion": "wræc (“pain, suffering, anguish”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warkiz",
"4": "",
"5": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warkiz (“pain”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to make, work, act"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make, work, act”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "värk",
"3": "",
"4": "ache, pain"
},
"expansion": "Swedish värk (“ache, pain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "verkur",
"3": "",
"4": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic verkur (“pain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "work"
},
"expansion": "work",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English werk, warch, from Old English wærc, wræc (“pain, suffering, anguish”), from Proto-Germanic *warkiz (“pain”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make, work, act”). Cognate with Swedish värk (“ache, pain”), Icelandic verkur (“pain”). Related to work.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "warks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wark (plural warks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Pain; ache."
],
"links": [
[
"Pain",
"pain"
],
[
"ache",
"ache"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Pain; ache."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland",
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɔː(ɹ)k/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-wark.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "wark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)k",
"en:Pain"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "werken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English werken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "warchen"
},
"expansion": "warchen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wærcan",
"4": "",
"5": "to be in pain"
},
"expansion": "Old English wærcan (“to be in pain”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "värka",
"3": "",
"4": "to ache, pain"
},
"expansion": "Swedish värka (“to ache, pain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "verkja",
"3": "",
"4": "to pain"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic verkja (“to pain”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English werken, warchen, from Old English wærcan (“to be in pain”). Cognate with Swedish värka (“to ache, pain”), Icelandic verkja (“to pain”). See above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "warks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "warking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "warked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "warked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wark (third-person singular simple present warks, present participle warking, simple past and past participle warked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be in pain; ache."
],
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"ache",
"ache"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be in pain; ache."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɔː(ɹ)k/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-wark.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "wark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)k",
"en:Pain"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "work"
},
"expansion": "work",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See work.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "warks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wark (plural warks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1819, Malcolm Laing, The History of Scotland, page 141",
"text": "That September (1582) in time of vacance, my uncle Mr. Andrew, Mr. Thomas Buchanan and I, hearing that Mr. George Buchanan was weak, and his history under the press, passed over to Edinburgh anes errand to visite him, and to see the wark.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1860, Sir James Phillips Kay- huttleworth, Scarsdale; or, Life on the Lancashire and Yorkshire border, page 85",
"text": "We'dn done a pratty day or two's wark afore t' sodgers geet at us.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1864, Eliza Tabor, St. Olave's: A Novel, page 18",
"text": "“Mair wark,\" replied Tibbie, looking round on her well-kept pans and candlesticks.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1868, Eneas Sweetland Dallas, Once a Week, page 317",
"text": "Uprose anither fearsome cry, Uprose exultingly; He couldna hear the words they spak', Yet corpse-pale turned he. The awsome flames had dune their wark, Nae form was left to see, Nought but a grim and blackened stake, A ghastly vacancy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Work."
],
"links": [
[
"Work",
"work"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly Scotland) Work."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1858, Robert Chambers, Domestic Annals of Scotland, page 253",
"text": "'Yet this imposition,' says Nicoll, 'seemed not to thrive; for at the same instant God frae the heavens declared his anger by sending thunder, and unheard tempests, and storms, and inundations of water, whilk destroyed their common mills, dams, and warks, to the town's great charges and expenses.' Eleven mills belonging to Edinburgh, and five belonging to Heriot's Hospital, all upon the Water of Leith, were destroyed on this occasion, 'with their dams, water-gangs, timber and stone- warks, the haill wheels of their mills, timber graith, and haill other warks.'",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1859, William Steven, Frederick William Bedford, History of George Heriot's hospital, page 54",
"text": "They speak in high terms of \"his extraordiner panes and grait cair he had in that Wark, baith by his advyce, and in the building of the same.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1870, Sir James David Marwick, Records of the Convention of the Royal Burghs of Scotland, page 265",
"text": "And because the said Thomas Fallisdaill and John Semple ar alreddy enterit to the said wark, [ and ] coft materiallis as thai declairit, and ressauit ane pairt of the said taxatioun;",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A building."
],
"links": [
[
"building",
"building"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly Scotland) A building."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɔː(ɹ)k/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-wark.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wark.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "wark"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.