"throw down the gauntlet" meaning in English

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "jeter le gant"
      },
      "expansion": "French jeter le gant",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the late medieval custom symbolizing a challenge, in French jeter le gant which nowadays usually means to give up after having tried hard (leaving the challenge to any takers). The English phrase dates to the 1540s (figurative use by the 18th century).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "throws down the gauntlet",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "throwing down the gauntlet",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "threw down the gauntlet",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thrown down the gauntlet",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "throw<,,threw,thrown> down the gauntlet"
      },
      "expansion": "throw down the gauntlet (third-person singular simple present throws down the gauntlet, present participle throwing down the gauntlet, simple past threw down the gauntlet, past participle thrown down the gauntlet)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "throw down"
        },
        {
          "word": "throw-down"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1730, Caleb d' Anvers (Nicholas Amhurst), The Craftsman, volume 7, page 91",
          "text": "We might as well dispute with Dimock on a Coronation Day, as argue with these Writers. They strut, vapour, throw down the Gauntlet, and defy us to take it up.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To issue a challenge."
      ],
      "id": "en-throw_down_the_gauntlet-en-verb-s2T56Awv",
      "links": [
        [
          "issue",
          "issue"
        ],
        [
          "challenge",
          "challenge"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(idiomatic) To issue a challenge."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "take up the gauntlet"
        },
        {
          "word": "throw one's hat in the ring"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "throw down the gantlet"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "word": "llançar el guant"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "word": "挑戰"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "tiǎozhàn",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "word": "挑战"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "word": "iemand uitdagen"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "word": "heittää taisteluhansikas"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "word": "jeter le gant"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "word": "den Fehdehandschuh hinwerfen"
        },
        {
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "word": "mengajukan tantangan"
        },
        {
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "word": "menantang"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "rzucać rękawicę"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "rzucić rękawicę"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "word": "arrojar el guante"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "issue a challenge",
          "word": "kasta handsken"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "throw down the gauntlet"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "throw down"
    },
    {
      "word": "throw-down"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "jeter le gant"
      },
      "expansion": "French jeter le gant",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the late medieval custom symbolizing a challenge, in French jeter le gant which nowadays usually means to give up after having tried hard (leaving the challenge to any takers). The English phrase dates to the 1540s (figurative use by the 18th century).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "throws down the gauntlet",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "throwing down the gauntlet",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "threw down the gauntlet",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thrown down the gauntlet",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "throw<,,threw,thrown> down the gauntlet"
      },
      "expansion": "throw down the gauntlet (third-person singular simple present throws down the gauntlet, present participle throwing down the gauntlet, simple past threw down the gauntlet, past participle thrown down the gauntlet)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "take up the gauntlet"
    },
    {
      "word": "throw one's hat in the ring"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English idioms",
        "English lemmas",
        "English multiword terms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English verbs",
        "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1730, Caleb d' Anvers (Nicholas Amhurst), The Craftsman, volume 7, page 91",
          "text": "We might as well dispute with Dimock on a Coronation Day, as argue with these Writers. They strut, vapour, throw down the Gauntlet, and defy us to take it up.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To issue a challenge."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "issue",
          "issue"
        ],
        [
          "challenge",
          "challenge"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(idiomatic) To issue a challenge."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "throw down the gantlet"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "word": "llançar el guant"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "word": "挑戰"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "tiǎozhàn",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "word": "挑战"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "word": "iemand uitdagen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "word": "heittää taisteluhansikas"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "word": "jeter le gant"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "word": "den Fehdehandschuh hinwerfen"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "word": "mengajukan tantangan"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "word": "menantang"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "rzucać rękawicę"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "rzucić rękawicę"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "word": "arrojar el guante"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "issue a challenge",
      "word": "kasta handsken"
    }
  ],
  "word": "throw down the gauntlet"
}