See taoke in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nan-hbl",
"3": "頭家",
"t": "boss",
"tr": "thâu-ke"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Hokkien 頭家 /头家 (thâu-ke, “boss”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "towkay"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of towkay",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "taoke"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog taoke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tsg",
"2": "tawki"
},
"expansion": "Tausug tawki",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "tauke"
},
"expansion": "Malay tauke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "tauke"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian tauke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ထောင်ကဲ"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ထောင်ကဲ (htaungkai:)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pyu",
"2": "tawki"
},
"expansion": "Puyuma tawki",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dru",
"2": "tawki"
},
"expansion": "Rukai tawki",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szy",
"2": "tawki"
},
"expansion": "Sakizaya tawki",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hokkien 頭家 /头家 (thâu-ke, “boss”). Doublet of towkay. Compare Tagalog taoke, Tausug tawki, Malay tauke, Indonesian tauke, Burmese ထောင်ကဲ (htaungkai:), Puyuma tawki, Rukai tawki, Sakizaya tawki.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "taokes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tao ke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "taoke (plural taokes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese Filipino English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Philippine English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 25 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 24 26 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boss; owner (of a business entity such as shop, etc.); shop owner; shopkeeper; business owner; employer (especially a Chinese Filipino boss)"
],
"id": "en-taoke-en-noun-q0XDmLzD",
"links": [
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"owner",
"owner"
],
[
"shop",
"shop"
],
[
"shop owner",
"shop owner"
],
[
"shopkeeper",
"shopkeeper"
],
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"employer",
"employer"
],
[
"Chinese Filipino",
"Chinese Filipino"
]
],
"qualifier": "Chinese Filipino",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippines, Chinese Filipino) boss; owner (of a business entity such as shop, etc.); shop owner; shopkeeper; business owner; employer (especially a Chinese Filipino boss)"
],
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese Filipino English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Philippine English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 25 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 24 26 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
362,
367
]
],
"ref": "2007, Bai Ren 白刃, translated by Joaquin Sy 施華謹, Lagalag sa Nanyang 南洋漂流記 (Nanyang Piaoliuji), Diliman, Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Press, →ISBN:",
"text": "This mixing can be seen in the language of the text, which is replete that languages other than standard putonghua: there are Hokkien terms that will be unfamiliar to those who do not speak minnanhua, which is further characterized by the use of Philippine Chinese expressions (huanke for the huaqiao, tuadi for the residence certificate, tsut si a for mestizo, taoke for employer, sengdi for business, for instance); and there are Chinese-character phonetic transcriptions of Philippine languages (anim, pito, kamatis, kilo, boy, sarong), English (boxing; the words ultimatum, Asia, OK, and King Kong, and bye-bye appear in their original romanized form in the text), and Spanish (chiquito). Although Bai Ren is careful to provide parenthetical translations of these verbal transcriptions, there are some words that remain untranslated, as when Chen Shan at one point lets lose the invective putang-ina.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"term of address for a business owner boss (especially a Chinese Filipino boss)"
],
"id": "en-taoke-en-noun-o97bjE9t",
"links": [
[
"term of address",
"term of address#English"
],
[
"business",
"business#English"
],
[
"owner",
"owner#English"
],
[
"boss",
"boss#English"
],
[
"Chinese Filipino",
"Chinese Filipino"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
]
],
"qualifier": "Chinese Filipino",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippines, Chinese Filipino) term of address for a business owner boss (especially a Chinese Filipino boss)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "towkay"
},
{
"word": "boss"
},
{
"word": "sir"
},
{
"word": "ma'am"
}
],
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ʰaʊ̯.kɛ/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪aʊ̯.kɛ/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
}
],
"word": "taoke"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hokkien",
"English terms derived from Hokkien",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nan-hbl",
"3": "頭家",
"t": "boss",
"tr": "thâu-ke"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Hokkien 頭家 /头家 (thâu-ke, “boss”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "towkay"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of towkay",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "taoke"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog taoke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tsg",
"2": "tawki"
},
"expansion": "Tausug tawki",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "tauke"
},
"expansion": "Malay tauke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "tauke"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian tauke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ထောင်ကဲ"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ထောင်ကဲ (htaungkai:)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pyu",
"2": "tawki"
},
"expansion": "Puyuma tawki",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dru",
"2": "tawki"
},
"expansion": "Rukai tawki",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szy",
"2": "tawki"
},
"expansion": "Sakizaya tawki",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hokkien 頭家 /头家 (thâu-ke, “boss”). Doublet of towkay. Compare Tagalog taoke, Tausug tawki, Malay tauke, Indonesian tauke, Burmese ထောင်ကဲ (htaungkai:), Puyuma tawki, Rukai tawki, Sakizaya tawki.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "taokes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tao ke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "taoke (plural taokes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Filipino English",
"Philippine English"
],
"glosses": [
"boss; owner (of a business entity such as shop, etc.); shop owner; shopkeeper; business owner; employer (especially a Chinese Filipino boss)"
],
"links": [
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"owner",
"owner"
],
[
"shop",
"shop"
],
[
"shop owner",
"shop owner"
],
[
"shopkeeper",
"shopkeeper"
],
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"employer",
"employer"
],
[
"Chinese Filipino",
"Chinese Filipino"
]
],
"qualifier": "Chinese Filipino",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippines, Chinese Filipino) boss; owner (of a business entity such as shop, etc.); shop owner; shopkeeper; business owner; employer (especially a Chinese Filipino boss)"
],
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Filipino English",
"English terms with quotations",
"Philippine English"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
362,
367
]
],
"ref": "2007, Bai Ren 白刃, translated by Joaquin Sy 施華謹, Lagalag sa Nanyang 南洋漂流記 (Nanyang Piaoliuji), Diliman, Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Press, →ISBN:",
"text": "This mixing can be seen in the language of the text, which is replete that languages other than standard putonghua: there are Hokkien terms that will be unfamiliar to those who do not speak minnanhua, which is further characterized by the use of Philippine Chinese expressions (huanke for the huaqiao, tuadi for the residence certificate, tsut si a for mestizo, taoke for employer, sengdi for business, for instance); and there are Chinese-character phonetic transcriptions of Philippine languages (anim, pito, kamatis, kilo, boy, sarong), English (boxing; the words ultimatum, Asia, OK, and King Kong, and bye-bye appear in their original romanized form in the text), and Spanish (chiquito). Although Bai Ren is careful to provide parenthetical translations of these verbal transcriptions, there are some words that remain untranslated, as when Chen Shan at one point lets lose the invective putang-ina.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"term of address for a business owner boss (especially a Chinese Filipino boss)"
],
"links": [
[
"term of address",
"term of address#English"
],
[
"business",
"business#English"
],
[
"owner",
"owner#English"
],
[
"boss",
"boss#English"
],
[
"Chinese Filipino",
"Chinese Filipino"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
]
],
"qualifier": "Chinese Filipino",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippines, Chinese Filipino) term of address for a business owner boss (especially a Chinese Filipino boss)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "towkay"
},
{
"word": "boss"
},
{
"word": "sir"
},
{
"word": "ma'am"
}
],
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ʰaʊ̯.kɛ/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪aʊ̯.kɛ/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
}
],
"word": "taoke"
}
Download raw JSONL data for taoke meaning in English (4.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.