"surd" meaning in English

See surd in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /sɜːd/ [Received-Pronunciation], /sɝd/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-surd.wav Forms: more surd [comparative], most surd [superlative]
enPR: sûd [Received-Pronunciation], sûrd [US] Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)d Etymology: First attested in the mid 16th century from Latin surdus (“deaf, mute”), used in mathematics for “irrational,” reflecting ἄλογος (álogos, “irrational, speechless”) as found in Euclid, apparently transmitted via Arabic جِذْر أَصَمّ (jiḏr ʔaṣamm, “deaf root”). The phonetic sense, “voiceless,” emerged in the 18th century. Doublet of surdo. Etymology templates: {{etydate/the|mid 16th century}} the mid 16th century, {{etydate|mid 16th century}} First attested in the mid 16th century, {{bor|en|la|surdus|t=deaf, mute}} Latin surdus (“deaf, mute”), {{der|en|ar|جِذْر أَصَمّ|t=deaf root}} Arabic جِذْر أَصَمّ (jiḏr ʔaṣamm, “deaf root”), {{dbt|en|surdo}} Doublet of surdo Head templates: {{en-adj}} surd (comparative more surd, superlative most surd)
  1. (obsolete) Lacking the sense of hearing; deaf. Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-surd-en-adj-HpS07XNH
  2. (obsolete) unheard Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-surd-en-adj-5IRXXT62
  3. (mathematics) Involving surds, or irrational numbers; not capable of being expressed in rational numbers. Categories (topical): Mathematics, Numbers
    Sense id: en-surd-en-adj-GDCHmTGK Disambiguation of Numbers: 7 11 56 5 16 5 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 7 3 60 15 5 10 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 8 8 66 8 4 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 5 77 5 3 4 Topics: mathematics, sciences
  4. (phonetics) unvoiced; voiceless Categories (topical): Phonetics
    Sense id: en-surd-en-adj-bol-HObF Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, phonetics, phonology, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: absurd

Noun

IPA: /sɜːd/ [Received-Pronunciation], /sɝd/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-surd.wav Forms: surds [plural]
enPR: sûd [Received-Pronunciation], sûrd [US] Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)d Etymology: First attested in the mid 16th century from Latin surdus (“deaf, mute”), used in mathematics for “irrational,” reflecting ἄλογος (álogos, “irrational, speechless”) as found in Euclid, apparently transmitted via Arabic جِذْر أَصَمّ (jiḏr ʔaṣamm, “deaf root”). The phonetic sense, “voiceless,” emerged in the 18th century. Doublet of surdo. Etymology templates: {{etydate/the|mid 16th century}} the mid 16th century, {{etydate|mid 16th century}} First attested in the mid 16th century, {{bor|en|la|surdus|t=deaf, mute}} Latin surdus (“deaf, mute”), {{der|en|ar|جِذْر أَصَمّ|t=deaf root}} Arabic جِذْر أَصَمّ (jiḏr ʔaṣamm, “deaf root”), {{dbt|en|surdo}} Doublet of surdo Head templates: {{en-noun}} surd (plural surds)
  1. (arithmetic) An irrational number, especially one expressed using the √ symbol. Categories (topical): Arithmetic
    Sense id: en-surd-en-noun-I61F8Z4i Topics: arithmetic
  2. (linguistics) A voiceless consonant. Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en-surd-en-noun-zZgShC0S Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: quadratic surd

Inflected forms

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      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "quadratic surd"
    }
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  "etymology_text": "First attested in the mid 16th century from Latin surdus (“deaf, mute”), used in mathematics for “irrational,” reflecting ἄλογος (álogos, “irrational, speechless”) as found in Euclid, apparently transmitted via Arabic جِذْر أَصَمّ (jiḏr ʔaṣamm, “deaf root”). The phonetic sense, “voiceless,” emerged in the 18th century. Doublet of surdo.",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "surds",
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        "plural"
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  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Arithmetic",
          "orig": "en:Arithmetic",
          "parents": [
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            "Sciences",
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            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An irrational number, especially one expressed using the √ symbol."
      ],
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          "arithmetic",
          "arithmetic"
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          "irrational number"
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        "(arithmetic) An irrational number, especially one expressed using the √ symbol."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "arithmetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "sonant"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "en:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
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            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A voiceless consonant."
      ],
      "id": "en-surd-en-noun-zZgShC0S",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "voiceless",
          "voiceless"
        ],
        [
          "consonant",
          "consonant"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A voiceless consonant."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "sûd",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɜːd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
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    },
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    },
    {
      "enpr": "sûrd",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɝd/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)d"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surd"
}

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  "forms": [
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      "form": "more surd",
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    },
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      "form": "most surd",
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  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "absurd"
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  "senses": [
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        {
          "ref": "1670s, published 1716, Thomas Browne, Christian Morals, part 3, section 6",
          "text": "…how all Words fall to the Ground, spent upon such a surd and Earless Generation of Men, stupid unto all Instruction…"
        }
      ],
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          "deaf"
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        "(obsolete) Lacking the sense of hearing; deaf."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
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    },
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      "categories": [],
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        {
          "ref": "1773, William Kenrick, A New Dictionary of the English Language, section 3, page 5:",
          "text": "To this errour, of blending the ſurd and vocal modes of articulation together, may be added the too frequent uſe of compound articulations both vocal and ſurd.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "unheard"
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      "id": "en-surd-en-adj-5IRXXT62",
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          "unheard"
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        "(obsolete) unheard"
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        {
          "_dis": "7 11 56 5 16 5",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Numbers",
          "orig": "en:Numbers",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a surd expression or quantity; a surd number"
        }
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      "glosses": [
        "Involving surds, or irrational numbers; not capable of being expressed in rational numbers."
      ],
      "id": "en-surd-en-adj-GDCHmTGK",
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        "(mathematics) Involving surds, or irrational numbers; not capable of being expressed in rational numbers."
      ],
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        "sciences"
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    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "sonant"
        }
      ],
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          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Phonetics",
          "orig": "en:Phonetics",
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            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
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            "Fundamental"
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "unvoiced; voiceless"
      ],
      "id": "en-surd-en-adj-bol-HObF",
      "links": [
        [
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          "phonetics"
        ],
        [
          "unvoiced",
          "unvoiced"
        ],
        [
          "voiceless",
          "voiceless"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonetics) unvoiced; voiceless"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonetics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
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    {
      "enpr": "sûd",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɜːd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
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    },
    {
      "enpr": "sûrd",
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        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɝd/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)d"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surd"
}
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    "Pages with entries",
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        "(arithmetic) An irrational number, especially one expressed using the √ symbol."
      ],
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        "A voiceless consonant."
      ],
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        "(linguistics) A voiceless consonant."
      ],
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        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
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    {
      "enpr": "sûd",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɜːd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
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      "ipa": "/sɝd/",
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    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)d"
    }
  ],
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}

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  "etymology_text": "First attested in the mid 16th century from Latin surdus (“deaf, mute”), used in mathematics for “irrational,” reflecting ἄλογος (álogos, “irrational, speechless”) as found in Euclid, apparently transmitted via Arabic جِذْر أَصَمّ (jiḏr ʔaṣamm, “deaf root”). The phonetic sense, “voiceless,” emerged in the 18th century. Doublet of surdo.",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "more surd",
      "tags": [
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      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most surd",
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        "superlative"
      ]
    }
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    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "surd (comparative more surd, superlative most surd)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "absurd"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1670s, published 1716, Thomas Browne, Christian Morals, part 3, section 6",
          "text": "…how all Words fall to the Ground, spent upon such a surd and Earless Generation of Men, stupid unto all Instruction…"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lacking the sense of hearing; deaf."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hearing",
          "hearing"
        ],
        [
          "deaf",
          "deaf"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Lacking the sense of hearing; deaf."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1773, William Kenrick, A New Dictionary of the English Language, section 3, page 5:",
          "text": "To this errour, of blending the ſurd and vocal modes of articulation together, may be added the too frequent uſe of compound articulations both vocal and ſurd.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "unheard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "unheard",
          "unheard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) unheard"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Mathematics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a surd expression or quantity; a surd number"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Involving surds, or irrational numbers; not capable of being expressed in rational numbers."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) Involving surds, or irrational numbers; not capable of being expressed in rational numbers."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "sonant"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "en:Phonetics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "unvoiced; voiceless"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "phonetics",
          "phonetics"
        ],
        [
          "unvoiced",
          "unvoiced"
        ],
        [
          "voiceless",
          "voiceless"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonetics) unvoiced; voiceless"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonetics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "sûd",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɜːd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-surd.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-surd.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-surd.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-surd.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-surd.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "sûrd",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɝd/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)d"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surd"
}

Download raw JSONL data for surd meaning in English (6.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.