"sumti" meaning in English

See sumti in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈsuːm.ti/ Forms: sumti [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Lojban sumti. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:bor|jbo:sumti|text=+|tree=1}} [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Lojban", "term" : "sumti", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "jbo" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "sumti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="sumti"> Borrowed from Lojban sumti. Head templates: {{en-noun|*}} sumti (plural sumti)
  1. (Lojban grammar) an argument passed to a selbri (“predicate”) Tags: Lojban
    Sense id: en-sumti-en-noun-MaJUi3jj Categories (other): Grammar, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 53 47 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 53 47 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 52 48 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 54 46 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 54 46 Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
  2. (Lojban grammar) a parameter ("place") in a selbri (“predicate”)'s "place structure", which can be filled with an argument (sumti (“argument”) in the above sense) Tags: Lojban
    Sense id: en-sumti-en-noun-p4J9OktU Categories (other): Grammar, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 53 47 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 53 47 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 52 48 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 54 46 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 54 46 Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Holonyms: bridi (english: sentence/predication) Derived forms: pro-sumti, sumti tcita i.e.: sumtcita (english: preposition/extra sumti tag)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pro-sumti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "preposition/extra sumti tag",
      "translation": "preposition/extra sumti tag",
      "word": "sumti tcita i.e.: sumtcita"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "jbo:sumti",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Lojban\", \"term\" : \"sumti\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"jbo\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sumti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"sumti\">\nBorrowed from Lojban sumti.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Lojban sumti.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sumti",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*"
      },
      "expansion": "sumti (plural sumti)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "holonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "sentence/predication",
      "translation": "sentence/predication",
      "word": "bridi"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Grammar",
          "orig": "en:Grammar",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              135,
              140
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1993, M. Gunderloy, Factsheet Five - Issues 49-53, page 43:",
          "text": "Focusing on artificial languages and Lojban in particular. News, state of the language, tutorials, poetry, cleft place structures, and sumti-raising with other long debates on how to construct a sentence in Lojban.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              26,
              31
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1997, JW Cowan, The complete Lojban language, page 13:",
          "text": "Names may also be used as sumti provided they are preceded with the word \"la\".",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              54,
              59
            ],
            [
              143,
              148
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2000, Alan Libert, Languages of the World - Issues 24-27, page 114:",
          "text": "The LRG (ibid.) says, \"Usually, placing more than one sumti [argument] before the selbri [predicator] is done for style or for emphasis on the sumti that are out-of-place from their normal position. (Native speakers of languages other than English may prefer such orders.)\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2004, Binh Nguyen, Linux Dictionary, page 845:",
          "text": "Showing which sumti fill each of the places of each selbri From Debian",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an argument passed to a selbri (“predicate”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sumti-en-noun-MaJUi3jj",
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "argument",
          "argument"
        ],
        [
          "selbri",
          "selbri#English"
        ],
        [
          "predicate",
          "predicate#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Lojban grammar) an argument passed to a selbri (“predicate”)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Lojban"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Grammar",
          "orig": "en:Grammar",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              289,
              294
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1997, JW Cowan, The complete Lojban language, page 12:",
          "text": "The simplest kind of selbri consists of a single root word, called a \"gismu\", and the definition in a dictionary gives the place structure explicitly. The primary task of constructing a Lojban sentence, after choosing the relationship itself, is decideing what you will use to fill in the sumti places.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              17
            ],
            [
              74,
              79
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2002 March 3, Nick Nicholas, “Folk Functionalism in Artificial Languages: The Long Distance Reflexive vo á in Lojban”, in Journal of Universal Language, page 153:",
          "text": "In counting sumtifor voá series anaphora, you are concerned only with the sumti (and not modal/tense operators) of the main bridi of an utterance, as they are formally defined.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              90,
              95
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2005, Brandon Wirick, Lojban as a Tool for Encoding Prose on the Semantic Web (Masters Thesis, California Polytechnic State University), page 50:",
          "text": "The high-level parser then converts that string into XML and traverses it, organizing its sumti into data structures.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a parameter (\"place\") in a selbri (“predicate”)'s \"place structure\", which can be filled with an argument (sumti (“argument”) in the above sense)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sumti-en-noun-p4J9OktU",
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "parameter",
          "parameter"
        ],
        [
          "selbri",
          "Appendix:Lojban/selbri"
        ],
        [
          "predicate",
          "predicate#English"
        ],
        [
          "sumti",
          "Appendix:Lojban/sumti"
        ],
        [
          "argument",
          "argument#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Lojban grammar) a parameter (\"place\") in a selbri (“predicate”)'s \"place structure\", which can be filled with an argument (sumti (“argument”) in the above sense)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Lojban"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsuːm.ti/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sumti"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms borrowed from Lojban",
    "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "English terms derived from Arabic",
    "English terms derived from Hindi",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Lojban",
    "English terms derived from Mandarin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English terms derived from Spanish",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erǵ-",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "pro-sumti"
    },
    {
      "english": "preposition/extra sumti tag",
      "translation": "preposition/extra sumti tag",
      "word": "sumti tcita i.e.: sumtcita"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "jbo:sumti",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Lojban\", \"term\" : \"sumti\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"jbo\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sumti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"sumti\">\nBorrowed from Lojban sumti.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Lojban sumti.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sumti",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*"
      },
      "expansion": "sumti (plural sumti)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "holonyms": [
    {
      "english": "sentence/predication",
      "translation": "sentence/predication",
      "word": "bridi"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Grammar"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              135,
              140
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1993, M. Gunderloy, Factsheet Five - Issues 49-53, page 43:",
          "text": "Focusing on artificial languages and Lojban in particular. News, state of the language, tutorials, poetry, cleft place structures, and sumti-raising with other long debates on how to construct a sentence in Lojban.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              26,
              31
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1997, JW Cowan, The complete Lojban language, page 13:",
          "text": "Names may also be used as sumti provided they are preceded with the word \"la\".",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              54,
              59
            ],
            [
              143,
              148
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2000, Alan Libert, Languages of the World - Issues 24-27, page 114:",
          "text": "The LRG (ibid.) says, \"Usually, placing more than one sumti [argument] before the selbri [predicator] is done for style or for emphasis on the sumti that are out-of-place from their normal position. (Native speakers of languages other than English may prefer such orders.)\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2004, Binh Nguyen, Linux Dictionary, page 845:",
          "text": "Showing which sumti fill each of the places of each selbri From Debian",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an argument passed to a selbri (“predicate”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "argument",
          "argument"
        ],
        [
          "selbri",
          "selbri#English"
        ],
        [
          "predicate",
          "predicate#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Lojban grammar) an argument passed to a selbri (“predicate”)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Lojban"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Grammar"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              289,
              294
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1997, JW Cowan, The complete Lojban language, page 12:",
          "text": "The simplest kind of selbri consists of a single root word, called a \"gismu\", and the definition in a dictionary gives the place structure explicitly. The primary task of constructing a Lojban sentence, after choosing the relationship itself, is decideing what you will use to fill in the sumti places.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              17
            ],
            [
              74,
              79
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2002 March 3, Nick Nicholas, “Folk Functionalism in Artificial Languages: The Long Distance Reflexive vo á in Lojban”, in Journal of Universal Language, page 153:",
          "text": "In counting sumtifor voá series anaphora, you are concerned only with the sumti (and not modal/tense operators) of the main bridi of an utterance, as they are formally defined.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              90,
              95
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2005, Brandon Wirick, Lojban as a Tool for Encoding Prose on the Semantic Web (Masters Thesis, California Polytechnic State University), page 50:",
          "text": "The high-level parser then converts that string into XML and traverses it, organizing its sumti into data structures.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a parameter (\"place\") in a selbri (“predicate”)'s \"place structure\", which can be filled with an argument (sumti (“argument”) in the above sense)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "parameter",
          "parameter"
        ],
        [
          "selbri",
          "Appendix:Lojban/selbri"
        ],
        [
          "predicate",
          "predicate#English"
        ],
        [
          "sumti",
          "Appendix:Lojban/sumti"
        ],
        [
          "argument",
          "argument#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Lojban grammar) a parameter (\"place\") in a selbri (“predicate”)'s \"place structure\", which can be filled with an argument (sumti (“argument”) in the above sense)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Lojban"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsuːm.ti/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sumti"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sumti meaning in English (5.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
  "msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
  "path": [
    "sumti",
    "Template:ety",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:etymon:main()"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "sumti",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 115547342<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Tue, 07 Jul 2026 12:51:46 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

{
  "called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
  "msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
  "path": [
    "sumti",
    "Template:ety",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:etymon:main()"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "sumti",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 981617744<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Tue, 07 Jul 2026 12:52:42 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (e62056b and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.