"stigmatization" meaning in English

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "destigmatization"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "nonstigmatization"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "stigmatize",
        "4": "-ation",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)teyg-der.\nProto-Hellenic *stiďďō\nAncient Greek στῐ́ζω (stĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nAncient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)\nAncient Greek στίγμα (stígma)\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ίζω (-ízō)\nAncient Greek στιγματίζω (stigmatízō)bor.\nMedieval Latin stigmatizōbor.\nEnglish stigmatize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish stigmatization\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to brand\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to mark\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to pierce, prick, be sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)teyg-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*stiďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"στῐ́ζω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"root <i class=\\\"Polyt mention\\\" lang=\\\"grc\\\">στῐγ-<\\/i> <span class=\\\"mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren\\\">(<\\/span><span lang=\\\"grc-Latn\\\" class=\\\"mention-tr tr Latn\\\">stĭg-<\\/span><span class=\\\"mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren\\\">)<\\/span>\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-μᾰ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"στίγμα\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ίζω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"στιγματίζω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"stigmatizō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"stigmatize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"stigmatization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"stigmatization\">\nFrom stigmatize + -ation.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)teyg-der.\nProto-Hellenic *stiďďō\nAncient Greek στῐ́ζω (stĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nAncient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)\nAncient Greek στίγμα (stígma)\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ίζω (-ízō)\nAncient Greek στιγματίζω (stigmatízō)bor.\nMedieval Latin stigmatizōbor.\nEnglish stigmatize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish stigmatization\nFrom stigmatize + -ation.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stigmatizations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "stigmatization (countable and uncountable, plural stigmatizations)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "text": "the stigmatization of ethnic minorities",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              40,
              54
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2026 March 11, Massimo Introvigne, “When Stigmatization Turns Violent: Two CGM Members Assaulted with a Hammer in Taiwan”, in Bitter Winter, archived from the original on 12 Mar 2026:",
          "text": "The Kaohsiung incident demonstrates how stigmatization can lead to real-world harm. CGM members in Taiwan have reported increased hostility in recent years, ranging from verbal harassment to institutional discrimination.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The process or act of stigmatizing."
      ],
      "id": "en-stigmatization-en-noun-unwQRG7H",
      "links": [
        [
          "stigmatizing",
          "stigmatize"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "lang_code": "be",
          "roman": "styhmatyzácyja",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стыгматыза́цыя"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "word": "leimaaminen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "word": "stigmatisointi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stigmatisation"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "lang_code": "gl",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estigmatización"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "roman": "sṭigmaṭizacia",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "word": "სტიგმატიზაცია"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Stigmatisierung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Brandmarkung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "word": "megbélyegzés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "word": "stigmatizálás"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stygmatyzacja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estigmatização"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "stigmatizácija",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стигматиза́ция"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стигматиза́ција"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stigmatizácija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estigmatización"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "stigmatisering"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "lang_code": "uk",
          "roman": "styhmatyzácija",
          "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стигматиза́ція"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Theology",
          "orig": "en:Theology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
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        },
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          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
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        {
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          "kind": "other",
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        {
          "_dis": "22 78",
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          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
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        {
          "_dis": "22 78",
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          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
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          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
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        },
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          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
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        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "text": "the stigmatization of Saint Francis",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The production of stigmata upon the body."
      ],
      "id": "en-stigmatization-en-noun-uZldc34I",
      "links": [
        [
          "theology",
          "theology"
        ],
        [
          "stigma",
          "stigma"
        ],
        [
          "body",
          "body"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(theology) The production of stigmata upon the body."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "religion",
        "theology"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "production of stigmata upon the body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Stigmatisation"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "production of stigmata upon the body",
          "word": "stigmatizáció"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "production of stigmata upon the body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stygmatyzacja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "production of stigmata upon the body",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стигматиза́ција"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "production of stigmata upon the body",
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stigmatizácija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "lang_code": "uk",
          "roman": "styhmatyzácija",
          "sense": "production of stigmata upon the body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стигматиза́ція"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stigmatization.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stigmatization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stigmatization.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stigmatization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stigmatization.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "stigmatization"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)teyg-",
    "English terms suffixed with -ation",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "destigmatization"
    },
    {
      "word": "nonstigmatization"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": ":af",
        "3": "stigmatize",
        "4": "-ation",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)teyg-der.\nProto-Hellenic *stiďďō\nAncient Greek στῐ́ζω (stĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nAncient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)\nAncient Greek στίγμα (stígma)\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ίζω (-ízō)\nAncient Greek στιγματίζω (stigmatízō)bor.\nMedieval Latin stigmatizōbor.\nEnglish stigmatize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish stigmatization\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to brand\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to mark\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to pierce, prick, be sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)teyg-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*stiďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"στῐ́ζω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"root <i class=\\\"Polyt mention\\\" lang=\\\"grc\\\">στῐγ-<\\/i> <span class=\\\"mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren\\\">(<\\/span><span lang=\\\"grc-Latn\\\" class=\\\"mention-tr tr Latn\\\">stĭg-<\\/span><span class=\\\"mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren\\\">)<\\/span>\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-μᾰ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"στίγμα\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ίζω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"στιγματίζω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"stigmatizō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"stigmatize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"stigmatization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"stigmatization\">\nFrom stigmatize + -ation.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)teyg-der.\nProto-Hellenic *stiďďō\nAncient Greek στῐ́ζω (stĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nAncient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)\nAncient Greek στίγμα (stígma)\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ίζω (-ízō)\nAncient Greek στιγματίζω (stigmatízō)bor.\nMedieval Latin stigmatizōbor.\nEnglish stigmatize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish stigmatization\nFrom stigmatize + -ation.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stigmatizations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "stigmatization (countable and uncountable, plural stigmatizations)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "text": "the stigmatization of ethnic minorities",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              40,
              54
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2026 March 11, Massimo Introvigne, “When Stigmatization Turns Violent: Two CGM Members Assaulted with a Hammer in Taiwan”, in Bitter Winter, archived from the original on 12 Mar 2026:",
          "text": "The Kaohsiung incident demonstrates how stigmatization can lead to real-world harm. CGM members in Taiwan have reported increased hostility in recent years, ranging from verbal harassment to institutional discrimination.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The process or act of stigmatizing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stigmatizing",
          "stigmatize"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "en:Theology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "text": "the stigmatization of Saint Francis",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The production of stigmata upon the body."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "theology",
          "theology"
        ],
        [
          "stigma",
          "stigma"
        ],
        [
          "body",
          "body"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(theology) The production of stigmata upon the body."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "religion",
        "theology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stigmatization.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stigmatization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stigmatization.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stigmatization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stigmatization.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "roman": "styhmatyzácyja",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стыгматыза́цыя"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "word": "leimaaminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "word": "stigmatisointi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stigmatisation"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estigmatización"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "roman": "sṭigmaṭizacia",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "word": "სტიგმატიზაცია"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Stigmatisierung"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Brandmarkung"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "word": "megbélyegzés"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "word": "stigmatizálás"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stygmatyzacja"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estigmatização"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "stigmatizácija",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стигматиза́ция"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стигматиза́ција"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stigmatizácija"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estigmatización"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "stigmatisering"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "styhmatyzácija",
      "sense": "process or act of stigmatizing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стигматиза́ція"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "production of stigmata upon the body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Stigmatisation"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "production of stigmata upon the body",
      "word": "stigmatizáció"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "production of stigmata upon the body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stygmatyzacja"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "production of stigmata upon the body",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стигматиза́ција"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "production of stigmata upon the body",
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stigmatizácija"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "styhmatyzácija",
      "sense": "production of stigmata upon the body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стигматиза́ція"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stigmatization"
}