"sled" meaning in English

See sled in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /slɛd/ Audio: En-au-sled.ogg Forms: sleds [plural]
Rhymes: -ɛd Etymology: From Middle English sledde, from Middle Dutch sledde or Middle Low German sledde (compare Dutch slee, slede, Low German Sleden), from Proto-Germanic *slidô (compare Saterland Frisian sliede, German Schlitten, Norwegian slede). Doublet of sleigh; also related to slide. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*sleydʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|sledde}} Middle English sledde, {{der|en|dum|sledde}} Middle Dutch sledde, {{der|en|gml|sledde}} Middle Low German sledde, {{cog|nl|slee}} Dutch slee, {{cog|nds|Sleden}} Low German Sleden, {{der|en|gem-pro|*slidô}} Proto-Germanic *slidô, {{cog|stq|sliede}} Saterland Frisian sliede, {{cog|de|Schlitten}} German Schlitten, {{cog|no|slede}} Norwegian slede, {{doublet|en|sleigh}} Doublet of sleigh Head templates: {{en-noun}} sled (plural sleds)
  1. A small, light vehicle with runners, used recreationally, mostly by children, for sliding down snow-covered hills. (A "sled" in this sense is not pulled by an animal as a "sleigh" is.) Categories (topical): Vehicles
    Sense id: en-sled-en-noun-~Un9OHgI Disambiguation of Vehicles: 41 24 17 4 14 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 61 29 4 3 3
  2. (US) A vehicle on runners, used for conveying loads over the snow or ice. (contrast "sleigh", which is larger) Tags: US
    Sense id: en-sled-en-noun-5ucM-HxG Categories (other): American English
  3. (slang) A snowmobile. Tags: slang
    Sense id: en-sled-en-noun-iWbktv6B
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: autosled, sledge, sleigh, toboggan

Verb

IPA: /slɛd/ Audio: En-au-sled.ogg Forms: sleds [present, singular, third-person], sledding [participle, present], sledded [participle, past], sledded [past]
Rhymes: -ɛd Etymology: From Middle English sledde, from Middle Dutch sledde or Middle Low German sledde (compare Dutch slee, slede, Low German Sleden), from Proto-Germanic *slidô (compare Saterland Frisian sliede, German Schlitten, Norwegian slede). Doublet of sleigh; also related to slide. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*sleydʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|sledde}} Middle English sledde, {{der|en|dum|sledde}} Middle Dutch sledde, {{der|en|gml|sledde}} Middle Low German sledde, {{cog|nl|slee}} Dutch slee, {{cog|nds|Sleden}} Low German Sleden, {{der|en|gem-pro|*slidô}} Proto-Germanic *slidô, {{cog|stq|sliede}} Saterland Frisian sliede, {{cog|de|Schlitten}} German Schlitten, {{cog|no|slede}} Norwegian slede, {{doublet|en|sleigh}} Doublet of sleigh Head templates: {{en-verb}} sled (third-person singular simple present sleds, present participle sledding, simple past and past participle sledded)
  1. (intransitive) To ride a sled. Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-sled-en-verb-C14Med0B
  2. (transitive) To convey on a sled. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-sled-en-verb-KsQY0oUc

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bobsled"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "dogsled"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ice sled"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kick-sled"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "NOP sled"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rocket sled"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sled dog"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sledding"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sledhead"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sled head"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sled hockey"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "snow sled shovel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "spoon sled"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "threshing sled"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sleydʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "sledde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English sledde",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "sledde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch sledde",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "sledde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German sledde",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "slee"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch slee",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Sleden"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Sleden",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*slidô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *slidô",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "sliede"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian sliede",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Schlitten"
      },
      "expansion": "German Schlitten",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "slede"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian slede",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sleigh"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of sleigh",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English sledde, from Middle Dutch sledde or Middle Low German sledde (compare Dutch slee, slede, Low German Sleden), from Proto-Germanic *slidô (compare Saterland Frisian sliede, German Schlitten, Norwegian slede). Doublet of sleigh; also related to slide.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sleds",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sled (plural sleds)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "autosled"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sledge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sleigh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toboggan"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "61 29 4 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 24 17 4 14",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Vehicles",
          "orig": "en:Vehicles",
          "parents": [
            "Machines",
            "Transport",
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The child zoomed down the hill on his sled.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small, light vehicle with runners, used recreationally, mostly by children, for sliding down snow-covered hills. (A \"sled\" in this sense is not pulled by an animal as a \"sleigh\" is.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sled-en-noun-~Un9OHgI",
      "links": [
        [
          "runner",
          "runner#English:_mechanical_part"
        ],
        [
          "sleigh",
          "sleigh"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "American English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "\"Mush!\" he yelled at the dogs pulling the sled.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A vehicle on runners, used for conveying loads over the snow or ice. (contrast \"sleigh\", which is larger)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sled-en-noun-5ucM-HxG",
      "links": [
        [
          "vehicle",
          "vehicle"
        ],
        [
          "sleigh",
          "sleigh"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US) A vehicle on runners, used for conveying loads over the snow or ice. (contrast \"sleigh\", which is larger)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A snowmobile."
      ],
      "id": "en-sled-en-noun-iWbktv6B",
      "links": [
        [
          "snowmobile",
          "snowmobile#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) A snowmobile."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/slɛd/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-sled.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-au-sled.ogg/En-au-sled.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-au-sled.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛd"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "sled"
  ],
  "word": "sled"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sleydʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "sledde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English sledde",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "sledde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch sledde",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "sledde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German sledde",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "slee"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch slee",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Sleden"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Sleden",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*slidô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *slidô",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "sliede"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian sliede",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Schlitten"
      },
      "expansion": "German Schlitten",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "slede"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian slede",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sleigh"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of sleigh",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English sledde, from Middle Dutch sledde or Middle Low German sledde (compare Dutch slee, slede, Low German Sleden), from Proto-Germanic *slidô (compare Saterland Frisian sliede, German Schlitten, Norwegian slede). Doublet of sleigh; also related to slide.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sleds",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sledding",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sledded",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sledded",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sled (third-person singular simple present sleds, present participle sledding, simple past and past participle sledded)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To ride a sled."
      ],
      "id": "en-sled-en-verb-C14Med0B",
      "links": [
        [
          "ride",
          "ride"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To ride a sled."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To convey on a sled."
      ],
      "id": "en-sled-en-verb-KsQY0oUc",
      "links": [
        [
          "convey",
          "convey"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To convey on a sled."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/slɛd/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-sled.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-au-sled.ogg/En-au-sled.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-au-sled.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sled"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Middle Low German",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sleydʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛd",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛd/1 syllable",
    "en:Vehicles"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bobsled"
    },
    {
      "word": "dogsled"
    },
    {
      "word": "ice sled"
    },
    {
      "word": "kick-sled"
    },
    {
      "word": "NOP sled"
    },
    {
      "word": "rocket sled"
    },
    {
      "word": "sled dog"
    },
    {
      "word": "sledding"
    },
    {
      "word": "sledhead"
    },
    {
      "word": "sled head"
    },
    {
      "word": "sled hockey"
    },
    {
      "word": "snow sled shovel"
    },
    {
      "word": "spoon sled"
    },
    {
      "word": "threshing sled"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sleydʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "sledde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English sledde",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "sledde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch sledde",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "sledde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German sledde",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "slee"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch slee",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Sleden"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Sleden",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*slidô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *slidô",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "sliede"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian sliede",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Schlitten"
      },
      "expansion": "German Schlitten",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "slede"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian slede",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sleigh"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of sleigh",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English sledde, from Middle Dutch sledde or Middle Low German sledde (compare Dutch slee, slede, Low German Sleden), from Proto-Germanic *slidô (compare Saterland Frisian sliede, German Schlitten, Norwegian slede). Doublet of sleigh; also related to slide.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sleds",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sled (plural sleds)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "autosled"
    },
    {
      "word": "sledge"
    },
    {
      "word": "sleigh"
    },
    {
      "word": "toboggan"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The child zoomed down the hill on his sled.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small, light vehicle with runners, used recreationally, mostly by children, for sliding down snow-covered hills. (A \"sled\" in this sense is not pulled by an animal as a \"sleigh\" is.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "runner",
          "runner#English:_mechanical_part"
        ],
        [
          "sleigh",
          "sleigh"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "American English",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "\"Mush!\" he yelled at the dogs pulling the sled.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A vehicle on runners, used for conveying loads over the snow or ice. (contrast \"sleigh\", which is larger)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vehicle",
          "vehicle"
        ],
        [
          "sleigh",
          "sleigh"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US) A vehicle on runners, used for conveying loads over the snow or ice. (contrast \"sleigh\", which is larger)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English slang"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A snowmobile."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "snowmobile",
          "snowmobile#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) A snowmobile."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/slɛd/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-sled.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-au-sled.ogg/En-au-sled.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-au-sled.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛd"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "sled"
  ],
  "word": "sled"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Middle Low German",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sleydʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛd",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛd/1 syllable",
    "en:Vehicles"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sleydʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "sledde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English sledde",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "sledde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch sledde",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "sledde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German sledde",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "slee"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch slee",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Sleden"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Sleden",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*slidô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *slidô",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "sliede"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian sliede",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Schlitten"
      },
      "expansion": "German Schlitten",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "slede"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian slede",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sleigh"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of sleigh",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English sledde, from Middle Dutch sledde or Middle Low German sledde (compare Dutch slee, slede, Low German Sleden), from Proto-Germanic *slidô (compare Saterland Frisian sliede, German Schlitten, Norwegian slede). Doublet of sleigh; also related to slide.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sleds",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sledding",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sledded",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sledded",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sled (third-person singular simple present sleds, present participle sledding, simple past and past participle sledded)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To ride a sled."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ride",
          "ride"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To ride a sled."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To convey on a sled."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "convey",
          "convey"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To convey on a sled."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/slɛd/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-sled.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-au-sled.ogg/En-au-sled.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-au-sled.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sled"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sled meaning in English (7.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.