See shtetl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yi",
"3": "שטעטל",
"t": "small town, village"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish שטעטל (shtetl, “small town, village”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "שטאָט",
"3": "־ל",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "city",
"t2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "שטאָט (shtot, “city”) + ־ל (-l, “diminutive suffix”)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Städtl"
},
"expansion": "German Städtl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swg",
"2": "Städtele"
},
"expansion": "Swabian Städtele",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "goh",
"3": "stat"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stat",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stadi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stadi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stadiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stadiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stéh₂tis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stead"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of stead",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Yiddish שטעטל (shtetl, “small town, village”), from שטאָט (shtot, “city”) + ־ל (-l, “diminutive suffix”) (compare German Städtl, Swabian Städtele), from Old High German stat, from Proto-West Germanic *stadi, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis. Doublet of stead.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shtetls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shtetlach",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shtetlech",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shtetlekh",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "shtetlach",
"3": "shtetlech",
"4": "shtetlekh"
},
"expansion": "shtetl (plural shtetls or shtetlach or shtetlech or shtetlekh)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swabian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, Will Self, Cock and Bull:",
"text": "However, you are right to suspect that there is some connection between my carefully considered opinion of the Hebrew people and this marvellous recital which your waxy ears, full of the cheesy gunk of the shtetl, have been so fortunate to hear.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Martin Torgoff, “Fearless, Immune, and Ready for All”, in Can’t Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age, 1945–2000, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 8:",
"text": "Most of the second-generation immigrant kids of his neighborhood had been […] as desperate to go to college and become lawyers, doctors, businessmen, and leave the teeming city for the suburbs, as their parents had been to leave behind the shtetls of Russia.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Peter Conrad, The Monthly, April 2010, Issue 55, The Monthly Ptd Ltd, page 52-3",
"text": "Albert Speer had a big vision for it during the Third Reich, with boulevards and gigantic monuments, and we definitely don't want that again. It's a collection of villages, of shtetls as we say in Yiddish."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Jewish village or small town, especially one in Eastern Europe."
],
"id": "en-shtetl-en-noun-vKov53dH",
"links": [
[
"Jewish",
"Jewish"
],
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"Eastern Europe",
"Eastern Europe"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "shtot"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štetl"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "shtetl"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "schtetl"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chtetl"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schtetl"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Stetl"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"word": "stetl"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sztetl"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mestéčko",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "месте́чко"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štɛtl",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штетл"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gorodók",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "городо́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gorodíško",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"pejorative"
],
"word": "городи́шко"
},
{
"code": "swg",
"lang": "Swabian",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Städtele"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shtetl",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "שטעטל"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shtetl"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "shtĕt'(ə)l"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃtɛt(ə)l/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt(ə)l"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-shtetl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-shtetl.ogg/En-us-shtetl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-shtetl.ogg"
}
],
"word": "shtetl"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yi",
"3": "שטעטל",
"t": "small town, village"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish שטעטל (shtetl, “small town, village”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "שטאָט",
"3": "־ל",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "city",
"t2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "שטאָט (shtot, “city”) + ־ל (-l, “diminutive suffix”)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Städtl"
},
"expansion": "German Städtl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swg",
"2": "Städtele"
},
"expansion": "Swabian Städtele",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "goh",
"3": "stat"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stat",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stadi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stadi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stadiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stadiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stéh₂tis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stead"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of stead",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Yiddish שטעטל (shtetl, “small town, village”), from שטאָט (shtot, “city”) + ־ל (-l, “diminutive suffix”) (compare German Städtl, Swabian Städtele), from Old High German stat, from Proto-West Germanic *stadi, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis. Doublet of stead.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shtetls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shtetlach",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shtetlech",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "shtetlekh",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "shtetlach",
"3": "shtetlech",
"4": "shtetlekh"
},
"expansion": "shtetl (plural shtetls or shtetlach or shtetlech or shtetlekh)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "shtot"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Yiddish",
"English terms derived from Old High German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from Yiddish",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Rhymes:English/ɛt(ə)l",
"Rhymes:English/ɛt(ə)l/2 syllables",
"Russian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swabian translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, Will Self, Cock and Bull:",
"text": "However, you are right to suspect that there is some connection between my carefully considered opinion of the Hebrew people and this marvellous recital which your waxy ears, full of the cheesy gunk of the shtetl, have been so fortunate to hear.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Martin Torgoff, “Fearless, Immune, and Ready for All”, in Can’t Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age, 1945–2000, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 8:",
"text": "Most of the second-generation immigrant kids of his neighborhood had been […] as desperate to go to college and become lawyers, doctors, businessmen, and leave the teeming city for the suburbs, as their parents had been to leave behind the shtetls of Russia.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Peter Conrad, The Monthly, April 2010, Issue 55, The Monthly Ptd Ltd, page 52-3",
"text": "Albert Speer had a big vision for it during the Third Reich, with boulevards and gigantic monuments, and we definitely don't want that again. It's a collection of villages, of shtetls as we say in Yiddish."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Jewish village or small town, especially one in Eastern Europe."
],
"links": [
[
"Jewish",
"Jewish"
],
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"Eastern Europe",
"Eastern Europe"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"shtetl"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "shtĕt'(ə)l"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃtɛt(ə)l/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt(ə)l"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-shtetl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-shtetl.ogg/En-us-shtetl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-shtetl.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štetl"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "shtetl"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "schtetl"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chtetl"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schtetl"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Stetl"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"word": "stetl"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sztetl"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mestéčko",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "месте́чко"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štɛtl",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штетл"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gorodók",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "городо́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gorodíško",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"pejorative"
],
"word": "городи́шко"
},
{
"code": "swg",
"lang": "Swabian",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Städtele"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shtetl",
"sense": "a Jewish village or small town",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "שטעטל"
}
],
"word": "shtetl"
}
Download raw JSONL data for shtetl meaning in English (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.