See scarify in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκαριφᾶσθαι (skariphâsthai, “scratch”)",
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"etymology_text": "From French scarifier, from Late Latin scarificāre, from Latin scarifāre (“to scarify”), from Ancient Greek σκαριφᾶσθαι (skariphâsthai, “scratch”), from σκάριφος (skáriphos, “writing, drawing, sketching”). Unrelated to scar.",
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"To make scratches or cuts on.",
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"To make scratches or cuts on.",
"(horticulture) To damage the testa (seed coat) of a seed by cutting, scraping, chemicals, hot water, or fire to allow permeation of water and faster germination."
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"To make scratches or cuts on.",
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"code": "bg",
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"roman": "razrohkvam",
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"sense": "to break up, loosen or roughen a surface",
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"ref": "2008, Neil Cicierega, “Modify”, in View-Monster, performed by Lemon Demon:",
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"glosses": [
"To make scratches or cuts on.",
"To scratch, etch, burn, or cut designs into one's skin as a form of body modification."
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"To harrow the feelings."
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"(obsolete or nonstandard) To scar."
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish scare\nLatin -i-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-fakāō\nLatin -ficō\nLatin -ificāreder.\nOld French -ifierbor.\nMiddle English -ifien\nEnglish -ify\nEnglish scarify\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ificāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-i-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"connecting vowel\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"-ify\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-fakāō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ficō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ificō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ifier\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ifien\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ify\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"scarify\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"scarify\">\nFrom scare + -ify.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish scare\nLatin -i-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-fakāō\nLatin -ficō\nLatin -ificāreder.\nOld French -ifierbor.\nMiddle English -ifien\nEnglish -ify\nEnglish scarify\nFrom scare + -ify.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scarifies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scarifying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scarified",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scarified",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scarify (third-person singular simple present scarifies, present participle scarifying, simple past and past participle scarified)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To frighten; to scare, to terrify."
],
"id": "en-scarify-en-verb-wx5ooWZx",
"links": [
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
],
[
"scare",
"scare"
],
[
"terrify",
"terrify"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) To frighten; to scare, to terrify."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskæ.ɹɪˌfaɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈskɑː.ɹɪˌfaɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-scarify.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-scarify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-scarify.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-scarify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-scarify.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "scarify"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *skreybʰ-",
"English terms suffixed with -ify",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "scarifyingly"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skreybʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "scarifier"
},
"expansion": "French scarifier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "scarificāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin scarificāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "scarifo",
"4": "scarifāre",
"5": "to scarify"
},
"expansion": "Latin scarifāre (“to scarify”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "σκαριφᾶσθαι",
"4": "",
"5": "scratch"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκαριφᾶσθαι (skariphâsthai, “scratch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French scarifier, from Late Latin scarificāre, from Latin scarifāre (“to scarify”), from Ancient Greek σκαριφᾶσθαι (skariphâsthai, “scratch”), from σκάριφος (skáriphos, “writing, drawing, sketching”). Unrelated to scar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scarifies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scarifying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scarified",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scarified",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scarify (third-person singular simple present scarifies, present participle scarifying, simple past and past participle scarified)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Horticulture"
],
"glosses": [
"To remove thatch (build-up of organic matter on the soil) from a lawn, to dethatch."
],
"links": [
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"thatch",
"thatch"
],
[
"lawn",
"lawn"
],
[
"dethatch",
"dethatch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(horticulture) To remove thatch (build-up of organic matter on the soil) from a lawn, to dethatch."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"horticulture",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
33
]
],
"text": "A combing tool is used to scarify, cross-scratch, or score the surface of a scratch coat or undercoat of plaster.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make scratches or cuts on."
],
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
],
[
"cut",
"cut"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Horticulture"
],
"glosses": [
"To make scratches or cuts on.",
"To damage the testa (seed coat) of a seed by cutting, scraping, chemicals, hot water, or fire to allow permeation of water and faster germination."
],
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
],
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"testa",
"testa"
],
[
"seed",
"seed"
],
[
"permeation",
"permeation"
],
[
"germination",
"germination"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To make scratches or cuts on.",
"(horticulture) To damage the testa (seed coat) of a seed by cutting, scraping, chemicals, hot water, or fire to allow permeation of water and faster germination."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"horticulture",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make scratches or cuts on.",
"To break up, loosen, or roughen the surface of a field or road or a hard surface."
],
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
],
[
"cut",
"cut"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
21
]
],
"ref": "2008, Neil Cicierega, “Modify”, in View-Monster, performed by Lemon Demon:",
"text": "Stan tried to scarify his neck with a rope\nHis plan kinda failed, but it would've been dope",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make scratches or cuts on.",
"To scratch, etch, burn, or cut designs into one's skin as a form of body modification."
],
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
],
[
"cut",
"cut"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To harrow the feelings."
],
"links": [
[
"harrow",
"harrow"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To harrow the feelings."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English nonstandard terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To scar."
],
"links": [
[
"scar",
"scar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or nonstandard) To scar."
],
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English nonstandard terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Denude, or lay waste to."
],
"links": [
[
"Denude",
"denude"
],
[
"lay waste",
"lay waste"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or nonstandard) Denude, or lay waste to."
],
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskæ.ɹɪˌfaɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈskɑː.ɹɪˌfaɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-scarify.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-scarify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-scarify.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-scarify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-scarify.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to remove thatch",
"word": "esterrossar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to remove thatch",
"word": "verticuteren"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to remove thatch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "skaryfikować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to remove thatch",
"word": "escarificar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "razrohkvam",
"sense": "to break up, loosen or roughen a surface",
"word": "разрохквам"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to break up, loosen or roughen a surface",
"word": "karawhaea"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to break up, loosen or roughen a surface",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "skaryfikować"
}
],
"word": "scarify"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"English terms suffixed with -ify",
"English verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "scare",
"4": "-ify",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish scare\nLatin -i-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-fakāō\nLatin -ficō\nLatin -ificāreder.\nOld French -ifierbor.\nMiddle English -ifien\nEnglish -ify\nEnglish scarify\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ificāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-i-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"connecting vowel\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"-ify\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-fakāō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ficō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ificō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ifier\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ifien\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ify\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"scarify\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"scarify\">\nFrom scare + -ify.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish scare\nLatin -i-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-fakāō\nLatin -ficō\nLatin -ificāreder.\nOld French -ifierbor.\nMiddle English -ifien\nEnglish -ify\nEnglish scarify\nFrom scare + -ify.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scarifies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scarifying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scarified",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scarified",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scarify (third-person singular simple present scarifies, present participle scarifying, simple past and past participle scarified)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with uncommon senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To frighten; to scare, to terrify."
],
"links": [
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
],
[
"scare",
"scare"
],
[
"terrify",
"terrify"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) To frighten; to scare, to terrify."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskæ.ɹɪˌfaɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈskɑː.ɹɪˌfaɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-scarify.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-scarify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-scarify.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-scarify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-scarify.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "scarify"
}
Download raw JSONL data for scarify meaning in English (10.9kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''To make scratches or cuts on.'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"scarify"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "scarify",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.