See sam in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_text": "Acronym.", "forms": [ { "form": "SAM", "tags": [ "alternative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "sam", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "surface-to-air missile", "word": "SAM" } ], "categories": [ { "_dis": "14 9 1 24 3 11 8 12 11 7", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 1 1 1 5 3 0 11 1 2 3 4 3 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 6 1 2 1 0 8 1 1 6 1 0 0 7 2 8 2 2", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 26 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 1 1 1 6 2 0 12 0 2 2 2 2 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 7 1 1 1 0 10 1 1 6 0 0 0 9 1 10 1 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of SAM (“surface-to-air missile”)" ], "id": "en-sam-en-noun-IskTsASD", "links": [ [ "SAM", "SAM#English" ], [ "surface-to-air missile", "surface-to-air missile" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "audio": "En-au-sam.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/En-au-sam.ogg/En-au-sam.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/En-au-sam.ogg" } ], "word": "sam" } { "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "stand sam" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "upon my sam" } ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sammen" }, "expansion": "Middle English sammen", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "samnian" }, "expansion": "Old English samnian", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*samnōn" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *samnōn", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*samnōną", "4": "", "5": "to gather" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *samnōną (“to gather”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*sem-", "4": "", "5": "one" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "zamelen", "3": "", "4": "to collect" }, "expansion": "Dutch zamelen (“to collect”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "sammeln", "3": "", "4": "to collect, gather" }, "expansion": "German sammeln (“to collect, gather”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sv", "2": "samla", "3": "", "4": "to gather, collect" }, "expansion": "Swedish samla (“to gather, collect”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "is", "2": "samna", "3": "", "4": "to gather, collect" }, "expansion": "Icelandic samna (“to gather, collect”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sammen, samnen, from Old English samnian, ġesamnian (“to collect, assemble, bring together, gather, join, unite, compose, meet, glean”), from Proto-West Germanic *samnōn, from Proto-Germanic *samnōną (“to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”). Cognate with Dutch zamelen (“to collect”), German sammeln (“to collect, gather”), Swedish samla (“to gather, collect”), Icelandic samna (“to gather, collect”). More at same.", "forms": [ { "form": "sams", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "samming", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "sammed", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "sammed", "tags": [ "past" ] }, { "form": "samen", "tags": [ "alternative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "sam (third-person singular simple present sams, present participle samming, simple past and past participle sammed)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "British English", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "To assemble." ], "id": "en-sam-en-verb-tFJHLk~K", "links": [ [ "assemble", "assemble" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, UK dialectal) To assemble." ], "tags": [ "UK", "dialectal", "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "British English", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "To bring together; join (in marriage, friendship, love, etc.)." ], "id": "en-sam-en-verb-jwJKPlWN", "links": [ [ "together", "together" ], [ "join", "join" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, UK dialectal, of persons) To bring together; join (in marriage, friendship, love, etc.)." ], "raw_tags": [ "of persons" ], "tags": [ "UK", "dialectal", "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "British English", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1905, Keighley Snowden, Princess Joyce:", "text": "I sammed it up for ye", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "To bring together; collect; put in order; arrange." ], "id": "en-sam-en-verb-xNfYLiGc", "links": [ [ "collect", "collect" ], [ "arrange", "arrange" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, UK dialectal, of things) To bring together; collect; put in order; arrange." ], "raw_tags": [ "of things" ], "tags": [ "UK", "dialectal", "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "British English", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "To assemble; come together." ], "id": "en-sam-en-verb-jCGGXy~L", "links": [ [ "come together", "come together" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(intransitive, UK dialectal) To assemble; come together." ], "tags": [ "UK", "dialectal", "intransitive" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "British English", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "To coagulate; curdle (milk)." ], "id": "en-sam-en-verb-yyDuDKXz", "links": [ [ "coagulate", "coagulate" ], [ "curdle", "curdle" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, UK dialectal) To coagulate; curdle (milk)." ], "tags": [ "UK", "dialectal", "transitive" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/sæm/" }, { "rhymes": "-æm" }, { "homophone": "Sam (Received Pronunciation, US)" } ], "word": "sam" } { "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sām", "4": "", "5": "together" }, "expansion": "Middle English sām (“together”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "samen", "4": "", "5": "together" }, "expansion": "Old English samen (“together”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*saman" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *saman", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*samanai", "4": "", "5": "together" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *samanai (“together”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*sem-", "4": "", "5": "together, one" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”)", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sām (“together”), from Old English samen (“together”), from Proto-West Germanic *saman, from Proto-Germanic *samanai (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "sam (not comparable)", "name": "en-adv" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “(please specify the book)”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:", "text": "Now are they saints all in that city sam.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "a. 1600, The Battle of Floddon Field:", "text": "All Sam the souldiers then replied.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Together" ], "id": "en-sam-en-adv-Mw5t4KDj", "links": [ [ "Together", "together" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete) Together" ], "tags": [ "not-comparable", "obsolete" ] } ], "word": "sam" } { "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sam-", "pos": "prefix" }, "expansion": "Middle English sam- (prefix)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "sam-" }, "expansion": "Old English sam-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*sēmi-", "4": "", "5": "half" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sēmi- (“half”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*sēmi-", "4": "", "5": "half" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sēmi- (“half”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Latin", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sam- (prefix), from Old English sam-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi- (“half”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi- (“half”). Related to semi- (via Latin).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "sam (not comparable)", "name": "en-adj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "sammy" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "sandblind" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "Half or imperfectly done." ], "id": "en-sam-en-adj-MxAbdAc3", "links": [ [ "Half", "half" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(dialectal) Half or imperfectly done." ], "tags": [ "dialectal", "not-comparable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Half-heated." ], "id": "en-sam-en-adj-pJ4Eveoa", "raw_glosses": [ "(of food) Half-heated." ], "raw_tags": [ "of food" ], "tags": [ "not-comparable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/sæm/" }, { "rhymes": "-æm" }, { "homophone": "Sam (Received Pronunciation, US)" } ], "word": "sam" } { "etymology_number": 5, "etymology_text": "Possibly from Uncle Sam.", "forms": [ { "form": "sams", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "sam (plural sams)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "Federal narcotics agent." ], "id": "en-sam-en-noun--~Ju0p4u", "raw_glosses": [ "(slang) Federal narcotics agent." ], "tags": [ "slang" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/sæm/" }, { "rhymes": "-æm" }, { "homophone": "Sam (Received Pronunciation, US)" } ], "word": "sam" }
{ "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms with homophones", "Pages with 26 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/æm", "Rhymes:English/æm/1 syllable" ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_text": "Acronym.", "forms": [ { "form": "SAM", "tags": [ "alternative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "sam", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "surface-to-air missile", "word": "SAM" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of SAM (“surface-to-air missile”)" ], "links": [ [ "SAM", "SAM#English" ], [ "surface-to-air missile", "surface-to-air missile" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "audio": "En-au-sam.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/En-au-sam.ogg/En-au-sam.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/En-au-sam.ogg" } ], "word": "sam" } { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Pages with 26 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/æm", "Rhymes:English/æm/1 syllable" ], "derived": [ { "word": "stand sam" }, { "word": "upon my sam" } ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sammen" }, "expansion": "Middle English sammen", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "samnian" }, "expansion": "Old English samnian", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*samnōn" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *samnōn", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*samnōną", "4": "", "5": "to gather" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *samnōną (“to gather”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*sem-", "4": "", "5": "one" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "zamelen", "3": "", "4": "to collect" }, "expansion": "Dutch zamelen (“to collect”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "sammeln", "3": "", "4": "to collect, gather" }, "expansion": "German sammeln (“to collect, gather”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sv", "2": "samla", "3": "", "4": "to gather, collect" }, "expansion": "Swedish samla (“to gather, collect”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "is", "2": "samna", "3": "", "4": "to gather, collect" }, "expansion": "Icelandic samna (“to gather, collect”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sammen, samnen, from Old English samnian, ġesamnian (“to collect, assemble, bring together, gather, join, unite, compose, meet, glean”), from Proto-West Germanic *samnōn, from Proto-Germanic *samnōną (“to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”). Cognate with Dutch zamelen (“to collect”), German sammeln (“to collect, gather”), Swedish samla (“to gather, collect”), Icelandic samna (“to gather, collect”). More at same.", "forms": [ { "form": "sams", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "samming", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "sammed", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "sammed", "tags": [ "past" ] }, { "form": "samen", "tags": [ "alternative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "sam (third-person singular simple present sams, present participle samming, simple past and past participle sammed)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "British English", "English dialectal terms", "English transitive verbs" ], "glosses": [ "To assemble." ], "links": [ [ "assemble", "assemble" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, UK dialectal) To assemble." ], "tags": [ "UK", "dialectal", "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ "British English", "English dialectal terms", "English transitive verbs" ], "glosses": [ "To bring together; join (in marriage, friendship, love, etc.)." ], "links": [ [ "together", "together" ], [ "join", "join" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, UK dialectal, of persons) To bring together; join (in marriage, friendship, love, etc.)." ], "raw_tags": [ "of persons" ], "tags": [ "UK", "dialectal", "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ "British English", "English dialectal terms", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1905, Keighley Snowden, Princess Joyce:", "text": "I sammed it up for ye", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "To bring together; collect; put in order; arrange." ], "links": [ [ "collect", "collect" ], [ "arrange", "arrange" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, UK dialectal, of things) To bring together; collect; put in order; arrange." ], "raw_tags": [ "of things" ], "tags": [ "UK", "dialectal", "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ "British English", "English dialectal terms", "English intransitive verbs" ], "glosses": [ "To assemble; come together." ], "links": [ [ "come together", "come together" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(intransitive, UK dialectal) To assemble; come together." ], "tags": [ "UK", "dialectal", "intransitive" ] }, { "categories": [ "British English", "English dialectal terms", "English transitive verbs" ], "glosses": [ "To coagulate; curdle (milk)." ], "links": [ [ "coagulate", "coagulate" ], [ "curdle", "curdle" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, UK dialectal) To coagulate; curdle (milk)." ], "tags": [ "UK", "dialectal", "transitive" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/sæm/" }, { "rhymes": "-æm" }, { "homophone": "Sam (Received Pronunciation, US)" } ], "word": "sam" } { "categories": [ "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English uncomparable adverbs", "Pages with 26 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/æm", "Rhymes:English/æm/1 syllable" ], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sām", "4": "", "5": "together" }, "expansion": "Middle English sām (“together”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "samen", "4": "", "5": "together" }, "expansion": "Old English samen (“together”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*saman" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *saman", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*samanai", "4": "", "5": "together" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *samanai (“together”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*sem-", "4": "", "5": "together, one" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”)", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sām (“together”), from Old English samen (“together”), from Proto-West Germanic *saman, from Proto-Germanic *samanai (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "sam (not comparable)", "name": "en-adv" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “(please specify the book)”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:", "text": "Now are they saints all in that city sam.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "a. 1600, The Battle of Floddon Field:", "text": "All Sam the souldiers then replied.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Together" ], "links": [ [ "Together", "together" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete) Together" ], "tags": [ "not-comparable", "obsolete" ] } ], "word": "sam" } { "categories": [ "English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms with homophones", "English uncomparable adjectives", "Pages with 26 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/æm", "Rhymes:English/æm/1 syllable" ], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sam-", "pos": "prefix" }, "expansion": "Middle English sam- (prefix)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "sam-" }, "expansion": "Old English sam-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*sēmi-", "4": "", "5": "half" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sēmi- (“half”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*sēmi-", "4": "", "5": "half" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sēmi- (“half”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Latin", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sam- (prefix), from Old English sam-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi- (“half”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi- (“half”). Related to semi- (via Latin).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "sam (not comparable)", "name": "en-adj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "related": [ { "word": "sammy" }, { "word": "sandblind" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English dialectal terms" ], "glosses": [ "Half or imperfectly done." ], "links": [ [ "Half", "half" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(dialectal) Half or imperfectly done." ], "tags": [ "dialectal", "not-comparable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Half-heated." ], "raw_glosses": [ "(of food) Half-heated." ], "raw_tags": [ "of food" ], "tags": [ "not-comparable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/sæm/" }, { "rhymes": "-æm" }, { "homophone": "Sam (Received Pronunciation, US)" } ], "word": "sam" } { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms with homophones", "Pages with 26 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/æm", "Rhymes:English/æm/1 syllable" ], "etymology_number": 5, "etymology_text": "Possibly from Uncle Sam.", "forms": [ { "form": "sams", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "sam (plural sams)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English slang" ], "glosses": [ "Federal narcotics agent." ], "raw_glosses": [ "(slang) Federal narcotics agent." ], "tags": [ "slang" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/sæm/" }, { "rhymes": "-æm" }, { "homophone": "Sam (Received Pronunciation, US)" } ], "word": "sam" }
Download raw JSONL data for sam meaning in English (11.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.