"rud" meaning in English

See rud in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ɹʌd/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rud.wav
Rhymes: -ʌd Etymology: From Middle English rudden, ruden, from Old English rudian (“to be ruddy”) (compare rudu (“redness”)), from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”); cognate with Old Cornish rud and Old Irish rúad). (Compare red). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|rudden}} Middle English rudden, {{inh|en|ang|rudian|t=to be ruddy}} Old English rudian (“to be ruddy”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*rudāną}} Proto-Germanic *rudāną, {{inh|en|ine-pro|*h₁rudʰéh₁ti}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, {{cog|oco|rud}} Old Cornish rud, {{cog|sga|rúad}} Old Irish rúad Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} rud (uncountable)
  1. redness; blush Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-rud-en-noun-0hNdpj-G
  2. ruddle; red ochre Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-rud-en-noun-re1TCsdL Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 88 8 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 1 55 5 3 1 16 19 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 57 3 2 1 17 20
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ɹʌd/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rud.wav Forms: ruds [plural]
Rhymes: -ʌd Head templates: {{en-noun}} rud (plural ruds)
  1. Alternative form of rudd (“fish”). Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: rudd (extra: fish)
    Sense id: en-rud-en-noun-1R3apb99
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: /ɹʌd/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rud.wav Forms: ruds [present, singular, third-person], rudding [participle, present], rudded [participle, past], rudded [past]
Rhymes: -ʌd Etymology: From Middle English rudden, ruden, from Old English rudian (“to be ruddy”) (compare rudu (“redness”)), from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”); cognate with Old Cornish rud and Old Irish rúad). (Compare red). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|rudden}} Middle English rudden, {{inh|en|ang|rudian|t=to be ruddy}} Old English rudian (“to be ruddy”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*rudāną}} Proto-Germanic *rudāną, {{inh|en|ine-pro|*h₁rudʰéh₁ti}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, {{cog|oco|rud}} Old Cornish rud, {{cog|sga|rúad}} Old Irish rúad Head templates: {{en-verb}} rud (third-person singular simple present ruds, present participle rudding, simple past and past participle rudded)
  1. (intransitive) To become red; redden. Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-rud-en-verb-eLFlBH8L
  2. (obsolete, transitive) To make red. Tags: obsolete, transitive
    Sense id: en-rud-en-verb-LmEzp18l
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: ruddy
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

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  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
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      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "rudden"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English rudden",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudian",
        "t": "to be ruddy"
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      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rudāną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rudāną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rudʰéh₁ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oco",
        "2": "rud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Cornish rud",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "rúad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish rúad",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English rudden, ruden, from Old English rudian (“to be ruddy”) (compare rudu (“redness”)), from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”); cognate with Old Cornish rud and Old Irish rúad). (Compare red).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "rud (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "redness; blush"
      ],
      "id": "en-rud-en-noun-0hNdpj-G",
      "links": [
        [
          "redness",
          "redness"
        ],
        [
          "blush",
          "blush"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 88 8 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "1 55 5 3 1 16 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "1 57 3 2 1 17 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ruddle; red ochre"
      ],
      "id": "en-rud-en-noun-re1TCsdL",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruddle",
          "ruddle"
        ],
        [
          "ochre",
          "ochre"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹʌd/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rud.wav",
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    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rud"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
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      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "rudden"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English rudden",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudian",
        "t": "to be ruddy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rudian (“to be ruddy”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
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      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rudāną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rudʰéh₁ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oco",
        "2": "rud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Cornish rud",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "rúad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish rúad",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English rudden, ruden, from Old English rudian (“to be ruddy”) (compare rudu (“redness”)), from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”); cognate with Old Cornish rud and Old Irish rúad). (Compare red).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruds",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudding",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudded",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudded",
      "tags": [
        "past"
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  "head_templates": [
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ruddy"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To become red; redden."
      ],
      "id": "en-rud-en-verb-eLFlBH8L",
      "links": [
        [
          "redden",
          "redden"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To become red; redden."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Epithalamion”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC:",
          "text": "Her cheekes lyke apples which the sun hath rudded",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make red."
      ],
      "id": "en-rud-en-verb-LmEzp18l",
      "links": [
        [
          "red",
          "red"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, transitive) To make red."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
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      "ipa": "/ɹʌd/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rud.wav",
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    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rud"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruds",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "rud (plural ruds)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "fish",
          "word": "rudd"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of rudd (“fish”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-rud-en-noun-1R3apb99",
      "links": [
        [
          "rudd",
          "rudd#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
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  ],
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      "rhymes": "-ʌd"
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  "word": "rud"
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    "English entries with incorrect language header",
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    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
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    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
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    "Rhymes:English/ʌd/1 syllable"
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      "expansion": "Middle English rudden",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudian",
        "t": "to be ruddy"
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      "name": "inh"
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      "name": "inh"
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        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rudʰéh₁ti"
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      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oco",
        "2": "rud"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Cornish rud",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "rúad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish rúad",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English rudden, ruden, from Old English rudian (“to be ruddy”) (compare rudu (“redness”)), from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”); cognate with Old Cornish rud and Old Irish rúad). (Compare red).",
  "head_templates": [
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      "expansion": "rud (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "redness; blush"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "redness",
          "redness"
        ],
        [
          "blush",
          "blush"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "ruddle; red ochre"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruddle",
          "ruddle"
        ],
        [
          "ochre",
          "ochre"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹʌd/"
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    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rud.wav",
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    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rud"
}

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    "English entries with incorrect language header",
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    "English nouns",
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    "English terms derived from Old English",
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    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
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    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
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        "3": "*h₁rudʰéh₁ti"
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      "name": "inh"
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    {
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        "2": "rud"
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      "expansion": "Old Cornish rud",
      "name": "cog"
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        "1": "sga",
        "2": "rúad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish rúad",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English rudden, ruden, from Old English rudian (“to be ruddy”) (compare rudu (“redness”)), from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”); cognate with Old Cornish rud and Old Irish rúad). (Compare red).",
  "forms": [
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        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
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    },
    {
      "form": "rudding",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
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    },
    {
      "form": "rudded",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudded",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
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  "head_templates": [
    {
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      "expansion": "rud (third-person singular simple present ruds, present participle rudding, simple past and past participle rudded)",
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "ruddy"
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  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become red; redden."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "redden",
          "redden"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To become red; redden."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
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      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Epithalamion”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC:",
          "text": "Her cheekes lyke apples which the sun hath rudded",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make red."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "red",
          "red"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, transitive) To make red."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹʌd/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rud.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rud.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rud.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rud.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rud.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rud"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌd",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌd/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruds",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "rud (plural ruds)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "fish",
          "word": "rudd"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of rudd (“fish”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rudd",
          "rudd#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹʌd/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rud.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rud.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rud.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rud.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rud.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rud"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rud meaning in English (7.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.